Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis

OVERVIEW OF MUTUALISTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND DEFENSE

Introduction: Symbiosis, Defensive Mutualism, and Variations on the Theme, James F. White Jr. and Mónica S. Torres

Defensive Mutualism and Grass Endophytes: Still Valid after All These Years? Keith Clay

Overview of Defensive Mutualism in the Marine Environment, Chares F. Wimpee, Elizabeth A. O’Grady, and Erika L. Olson

PROKARYOTIC DEFENSIVE SYMBIONTS

Microbial Symbionts for Defense and Competition among Ciliate Hosts, Hans-Dieter Görtz, Giovanna Rosati, Michael Schweikert, Martina Schrallhammer, Gen Omura, and Toshinobu Suzaki

Bacterial Chemical Defenses of Marine Animal Hosts, Eric W. Schmidt

Is the Vibrio fi scheri–Euprymna scolopes Symbiosis a Defensive Mutualism? Eric V. Stabb and Deborah S. Millikan

Entomopathogenic Nematode and Bacteria Mutualism, Heather S. Koppenhöfer and Randy Gaugler

Interspecies Competition in a Bacteria–Nematode Mutualism, Nydia Morales-Soto, Holly Snyder, and Steven Forst

Defensive Symbionts in Aphids and Other Insects, Kerry M. Oliver and Nancy A. Moran

Fungus-Growing Ant–Microbe Symbiosis: Using Microbes to Defend Beneficial Associations within Symbiotic Communities, Michael Poulsen, Ainslie E. F. Little, and Cameron R. Currie

EUKARYOTIC DEFENSIVE SYMBIONTS

Chemical Defense in Lichen Symbioses, James D. Lawrey

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae as Defense against Pathogens, José Manuel García Garrido

Evaluation of Mycorrhizal Symbioses as Defense in Extreme Environments, John Dighton

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Enhancement of Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses, Hinanit Koltai and Yoram Kapulnik

Conifer Endophytes, Anna Maria Pirttilä and Piippa R. Wäli

Diversity and Ecological Roles of Clavicipitaceous Endophytes of Grasses, Mariusz Tadych, Mónica S. Torres, and James F. White Jr.

Contributions of Pharmaceutical Antibiotic and Secondary Metabolite Discovery to the Understanding of Microbial Defense and Antagonism, Gerald Bills, David Overy, Olga Genilloud, and Fernando Peláez

FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AS MODEL SYSTEMS TO UNDERSTAND DEFENSIVE MUTUALISM

Extensions to and Modulation of Defensive Mutualism in Grass Endophytes, Thomas L. Bultman, Terrence J. Sullivan, Michael H. Cortez, Timothy J. Pennings, and Janet L. Andersen

Conceptual Model for the Analysis of Plant–Endophyte Symbiosis in Relation to Abiotic Stress, Gregory P. Cheplick

Habitat-Adapted Symbiosis as a Defense against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses, Rusty J. Rodriguez, Claire Woodward, Yong-Ok Kim, and Regina S. Redman

Insect Herbivory and Defensive Mutualisms between Plants and Fungi, Alison J. Popay

Fungal Endophytes: Defensive Characteristics and Implications for Agricultural Applications, Luis C. Mejía, Edward Allen Herre, Ajay P. Singh, Vartika Singh, Nicholi Vorsa, and James F. White Jr.

Endophytic Niche and Grass Defense, Charles W. Bacon, Dorothy M. Hinton, and Anthony E. Glenn

Biography

James F. White, Jr., Ph.D., is a Professor and Chair of the Plant Biology and Pathology Department in the School of Environmental & Biological Science at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. He conducts research on the biology of fungal endophytes and is the author of more than 150 articles. He is also the editor of several reference books on the biology, ecology, and evolution of fungi; and associate editor of the journal Mycologia. Dr. White was the founding Secretary of the International Symbiosis Society. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and maintains memberships in several scientific societies, including the Mycological Society of America (MSA) and the American Phytopathological Society (APS).

Monica S. Torres, Ph.D., is currently a Post Doctoral Associate in the Department of Plant Biology and Pathology at Rutgers University, and a member of the faculty at the National University of Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina. Her scientific interests are in the areas of taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution of the Clavicipitaceae and biology of fungal endophytes in natural and agricultural ecosystems.