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Diagnostic Ultrasound

Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements

By K. Kirk Shung

Published September 19th 2005 by CRC Press – 232 pages

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Description

Ultrasound imaging is one of the most important and widely used diagnostic tools in modern medicine, second only to the conventional x-ray. Although considered a mature field, research continues for improving the capabilities and finding new uses for ultrasound technology while driving down the cost of newer, more complicated procedures such as intravascular ultrasound. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements presents new developments, fundamental physics, instrumentation, system architecture, biological effects of ultrasound, and clinical applications that reflect this initiative.

Keeping mathematical derivations to a minimum, this book begins with an overview of the field, the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, and its role relative to other imaging modalities. The book proceeds to describe the fundamental physics involved, a detailed examination of the transducer, conventional imaging approaches, and Doppler measurements. The following chapters explore new developments such as flow, displacement, contrast, harmonic, intracavity, and 4-D imaging. The author concludes by reviewing current status and standards on bioeffects along with a unique chapter on measuring ultrasonic properties of tissues that can be found nowhere else.

Emphasizing the engineering and signal processing aspects of ultrasound technology rather than taking a clinical perspective, Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements encourages and enables further advances in this established yet dynamic field.

Contents

INTRODUCTION

History

Role of Ultrasound in Medical Imaging

Purpose of the Book

Reference

Further Reading

FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION

Stress and Strain Relationships

Acoustic Wave Equation

Characteristic Impedance

Intensity

Radiation Force

Reflection and Refraction

Attenuation, Absorption, and Scattering

Nonlinearity Parameter B/A

Doppler Effect

References

ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND ARRAYS

Piezoelectric Effect

Piezoelectric Constitutive Equation

Ultrasonic Transducers

Mechanical Matching

Electrical Matching

Transducer Beam Characteristics

Arrays

References

GRAY-SCALE ULTRASONIC IMAGING

A (Amplitude)-Mode and B (Brightness)-Mode Imaging

M-Mode and C-Mode

Ultrasound Computed Tomography (CT)

Coded Excitation Imaging

Compound Imaging

Synthetic Aperture Imaging

References

DOPPLER FLOW MEASUREMENTS

Nondirectional CW Flow Meters

Directional Doppler Flow Meters

Pulsed Doppler Flow Meters

Clinical Applications and Doppler Indices

Potential Problems in Doppler Measurements

Tissue Doppler and Multigate Doppler

References

FLOW AND DISPLACEMENT IMAGING

Color Doppler Flow Imaging

Color Doppler Power Imaging

Time-Domain Flow Estimation

Elasticity Imaging

B-Flow Imaging

References

CONTRAST MEDIA AND HARMONIC IMAGING

Contrast Agents

Nonlinear Interactions Between Ultrasound and Bubbles

Modified Rayleigh-Plesset Equation for Encapsulated Gas Bubbles

Solutions to Rayleigh-Plesset Equation

Harmonic Imaging

Native Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Clinical Applications of Contrast Agents and Harmonic Imaging

References

INTRACAVITY AND HIGH-FREQUENCY (HF) IMAGING

Imaging

Intravascular Imaging

High-Frequency Imaging

Acoustic Microscopes

References

MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMAGING

Parallel Processing

Multidimensional Arrays

Three-Dimensional Imaging

References

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND

Acoustic Phenomena at High-Intensity Levels

Ultrasound Bioeffects

Mechanical Effects and Index

References

METHODS FOR MEASURING SPEED, ATTENUATION, ABSORPTION, AND SCATTERING

Velocity

Attenuation

Scattering

References

INDEX

Related Subjects

  1. Biomedical Engineering

Name: Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements (Hardback) – CRC Press 
Description: By K. Kirk Shung. Ultrasound imaging is one of the most important and widely used diagnostic tools in modern medicine, second only to the conventional x-ray. Although considered a mature field, research continues for improving the capabilities and finding new uses for...
Categories: Biomedical Engineering