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Veterinary Medicines in the Environment

Edited by Mark Crane, Alistair B. A. Boxall, Katie Barrett

Published September 19th 2008 by CRC Press – 224 pages

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Description

Examine the Current State of the Science

Surface water sampling programs across the globe have shown the presence of many different classes of medicines. The potential risks associated with the release of these medicines into the environment have become an increasingly important issue for environmental regulators. Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment examines the current state of the science in evaluating the potential risks of veterinary medicines to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

International Panel Provide Guidance

The book brings together more than 30 experts, from eight countries, with expertise in risk assessment, environmental toxicology and chemistry, and environmental policy and regulation. These experts provide guidance, based on standard risk assessment approaches, on how to assess the environmental effects of veterinary medicines. The text discusses pathways to the environment, exposure and effects assessment, and risk assessment and management in terrestrial and aquatic environments. It reviews classes of veterinary medicines and current regulations, identifies the environmental fate of the medicines, and assesses the use of read-across, QSAR, and other modeling approaches.

Detailed Coverage of Technical Approaches

An examination of the current state of the science, the book provides integrated content in a single source. It provides detailed coverage of technical approaches that helps practitioners better understand the environmental risks of veterinary medicines.

Contents

Introduction, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall

References

Use of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment, A. Boxall, M. Crane, C. Corsing, C. Eirkson, and A. Tait

Introduction

Veterinary Medicine Use

Pathways to the Environment

Summary

References

Environmental Risk Assessment and Management of Veterinary Medicines, J. de Knecht, T. Boucard, B. Brooks, M. Crane, S. Gerould, J. Koschorreck, G. Scheef, K. Solomon, and Z. YanIntroduction

Veterinary medicines in regulatory perspective

Refinement of VMP Risk Assessments

Risk Management

References

Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems, C. Metcalfe, A. Boxall, K. Fenner, D. Kolpin, M. Servos, E. Silberhorn, and J. Staveley

Introduction

Sources of Veterinary Medicines in the Aquatic Environment

Experimental Studies into the Entry, FATE, and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems

Conclusions

References

Assessing the Aquatic Hazards of Veterinary Medicines, B.W. Brooks, G.T. Ankley, J.F. Hobson, J.M. Lazorchak, R.D. Meyerhoff, and K.R. Solomon

Introduction

Protection Goals

Approaches to Assess Effects of Veterinary Medicines

Application Factors and Species Sensitivities

Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Natural Environment

Conclusions

References

Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Terrestrial Systems, L. Pope, A. Boxall, C. Corsing, B. Halling-Sørensen, A. Tait, and E. Topp

Introduction

Absorption and Excretion by Animals

Fate during Manure Storage

Releases to the Environment

Factors Affecting Dissipation in the Farm Environment

Uptake by Plants

Models for Estimating the Concentration of Veterinary Medicine in Soil

Research Needs

References

Assessing the Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the Terrestrial Environment, K. Barrett, K. Floate, J. Jensen, J. Robinson, and N. Tolson

Introduction

Considerations Unique to Veterinary Medicines

Protection Goals

Tiered Testing Strategy

Justification for Existing Testing Methods

Use of Indicator Species

Short-Term/Sublethal Effects Tests

Tier A Testing

Tier B Testing

Tier C Testing

Calculation of PNEC Concentrations and Use of Assessment Factors

Metabolite Testing in Tiers A and B

Secondary Poisoning

Bound Residues

Alternative Endpoints

Modeling Population and Ecosystem Effects (e.g., Bioindicator Approaches)

Research Needs

References

Workshop Conclusions and Recommendations, M. Crane, K. Barrett, and A. Boxall

Workshop Conclusions

Workshop Recommendations

Index

Name: Veterinary Medicines in the Environment (Hardback) – CRC Press 
Description: Edited by Mark Crane, Alistair B. A. Boxall, Katie Barrett. Examine the Current State of the Science Surface water sampling programs across the globe have shown the presence of many different classes of medicines. The potential risks associated with the release of these medicines into the environment have become...
Categories: Environmental & Ecological Toxicology, Chemical Engineering, Animal Physiology