Books published under the Routledge Revivals programme are reissued, out-of-print and unavailable titles, written by some of the leading academic scholars of the last 120 years.

The text considers numerous key arguments surrounding monetary reform, including how the overall impact of the reform in the period was of greater importance than each of the individual procedures that were introduced. As a recent convert to the notion of monetary reform at the time of writing, the author presents a well-balanced account of monetary reform without bias. An authority on the orthodox monetary system, Paul Einzig, an economic and political writer and journalist draws upon his wealth of knowledge and expertise as he gives the reader an insight into the tendencies and spirit of the monetary reform movement. 

One of the most important aspects to be considered by the book is the view that monetary reform alone cannot achieve a desired end without considerable economic planning. The book suggests that monetary reform alone is not enough; instead he suggests the adoption of a broader perspective in order to obtain a compromise.

Although originally published in 1936, the subjects considered by the book remain as relevant as ever. For students and scholars of Economics and Finance, the theories presented in Monetary Reform in Theory and Practice, provide a beneficial insight into the economy at the time of writing, as well as now.

For more information and a detailed contents listing of this title, visit:

http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415819367/

The Revival provides the user with a detailed summary of the relationship between Byzantine art and modern art, as well as taking a detailed look at the iconoclast controversy. The book also considers how the Byzantine movement initiated the end of Hellenistic naturalism and prompted interpretational art to take its place across Europe.

In the remainder of the book, the Constantinopolitan Renascence is covered. A section of the book looks at how this event, combined with the increasing humanization of religious emotion, culminated in some key figures emerging – including Duccio and Giotto, as well as the equally important contemporaries, Mistra and Mount Athos. Throughout the third chapter of the book, there is a detailed look at the work of these influential artists. The book is concluded by finally resolving the mystery of El Greco.

An important piece of work for History of Arts and Classical Studies students and scholars, this book provides rare and extensive research on this critical period in art history across Europe, in Constantinople, Greece, Crete, Italy, and Spain.

With 94 black and white plates, the book provides the user with high quality images alongside critical evaluation and enlightening discussion on Byzantine art as a movement that has impacted artists throughout the ages.

For further information or to order a copy, please visit:

http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415809184/

During this three hundred year period, it was a popular pastime for gentlemen to travel for weeks or even months around Britain, discovering their own country. The book describes both the pleasures and the hardships that these tourists endured. The book provides an account of the changing English landscape, the ever changing economy and the change in the concerns of these tourists throughout the period.

About the author:

Esther Moir read History at Cambridge before going to Leicester as the first research student in the newly established Department of English Local History, where she worked with W.G. Hoskins and H.P.R. Finberg.

Moir then returned to Newnham College as a Research Fellow, which allowed her access to valuable material in the University Library and the opportunity to travel further afield in search of unpublished material.

The book, however, had nothing to do with her PhD thesis or academic teaching. Instead it was the fruits of an enthusiasm that was well in advance of its time. Landscape study then scarcely existed; Moir was, in other words, a pioneer in a field that now claims great interest.

Find out more about the book, The Discovery of Britain, including a full contents listing, by visiting:

http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415821841/
 

Titles in the collection span a broad range of topics, appealing to those particularly interested in subjects involving race relations, crime, sociology and media.

These titles are all part of the Routledge Revivals programme. The programme is designed to reissue out-of-print and unavailable titles written by leading academic scholars.

E. Cashmore

A professor of Culture, Media and Sport at Staffordshire University’s School of Health, E. Cashmore previously worked as a Professor of Sociology at the University of Tampa, Florida, as well as a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Hong Kong. Cashmore studied for his degree in Sociology at Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic. After completing his masters at the University of Toronto, he returned to England and began work on his PhD thesis on the rastafari movement in England in the late 1970s. This became the subject for his first published work, Rastaman, which is just one of the titles to be reissued by Routledge Revivals.

The remaining titles within the revived E. Cashmore collection include:

Black Youth in Crisis – This title studies the position of young Afro-Caribbean people in the 1980s and how they were unduly hit by high unemployment, appeared high in crime statistics and were under achieving in schools.

Black Sportsmen – This books examines the affect that race has had on sportspeople – ranging from Olympic athletes to school children.

The Logic of Racism – Studies 800 individuals from all areas of society to gain an understanding of race relations, combining real life experiences with a commentary from Cashmore.

Having To – Interviews more than 200 single parent men and women from across the UK, giving an account of life in one parent families.

United Kingdom? – Examines the divisions present in Britain following the Second World War; namely class, race and gender. The book looks at issues of conflict and unity in the period from the war up until the late 1980s.

Out of Order? - Considers the challenging relationships that have existed between Afro-Caribbean people and the police in both Britain and the USA.

...and there was telev!s!on – Is, by Cashmore’s own admission, the odd book out in the series. The book looks at the affect that television has had on our lives and examines how the evidence against television is unfounded.

These titles have wide appeal across a number of subject areas, crossing over into a range of areas of interest for students and researchers, including Sociology, Religion, Race and Ethnic Studies, Criminology and Media Studies.
 

Budge was Keeper of the British Museum’s department of oriental antiquities from 1894 until his retirement in 1924 and carried out a many number of searches within Egypt.

The fifteen re-published titles on Egypt are part of the Routledge Revivals Programme. The programme is designed to reissue a wealth of out-of-print and unavailable titles written by some of the leading academic scholars of the last 120 years.

Sir E. A. Wallis Budge is a highly respected authority within the field of Ancient Egypt. Not only did his career consist of being a Keeper at the British Museum, but he also carried out many projects in Egypt searching for Ancient Egyptian artefacts. The search by Budge unearthed thousands of objects which are kept by the British Museum, including papyri and statues. Budge’s lifelong research into Ancient Egypt was of great significance for academics, but was also of huge historical and cultural importance.

The Egypt series by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge covers a wide spectrum of topics within the field of Egyptology and Ancient Egypt. Covering religion, history and language, the revivals series provides invaluable reference material from one of the subject’s most important academics on all periods of Egypt’s rich history.

Each title within the series is available to purchase individually, allowing you to choose the most significant areas of study. See the below titles for more information:

Egyptian Religion

Egyptian Tales & Romances

Egyptian Language

A History of Egypt Vol. I

A History of Egypt Vol. II

A History of Egypt Vol. III

A History of Egypt Vol. IV

A History of Egypt Vol. V

A History of Egypt Vol. VI

A History of Egypt Vol. VII

A History of Egypt Vol. VIII

Egyptian Literature Vol. I

Egyptian Literature Vol. II

The Book of the Kings of Egypt Vol. I

The Book of the Kings of Egypt Vol. II

These titles are also all soon to be published as part of our e-Books programme, making key titles easily accessible.
 

Since the pioneering study the “authoritarian personality” by Adorno et al (1954), the psychology of politics has moved on both in theory and empirical findings. Our own work, published in The Psychology of Conservatism (1973), focused on a dimension relating to resistance to change and dislike of complexity, sometimes called “conservatism with a small C”. We identified a general factor underlying attitudes across all fields that seemed to reflect a fundamental personality trait. Why should attitudes toward “the death penalty” predict those toward “evolution”, “fluoridation”, “jazz” and “premarital sex”? On the face of it these issues seem unconnected, but something was causing them to cohere. We hypothesised that the organising force underlying this attitude constellation was fear of uncertainty and that it was to some degree inborn.

The C-Scale we devised to measure this trait used a “catch-phrase” item format rather than lengthy, leading statements, because it was closer to the emotional core of the attitude. The idea was that if enough randomly chosen controversial issues were included (their topicality varying over time), each would tap some element of general conservatism and their specific variance would cancel out (rather as IQ scores provides a measure of general ability averaged across various cognitive skills).

Evidence that conservatism derives from fear of uncertainty has accumulated in recent decades (Jost, 2006). Among the variables that predict conservatism are death anxiety, fear of threat and loss, intolerance of ambiguity, dislike for complexity, and needs for order and structure. In our own studies we found that conservatives (relative to liberals) liked music that is familiar and predictable, art that is simple and representational, and humour that is non-tendentious (safe) and which provides “incongruity resolution” (a sense of closure) (Wilson, 1990).

Confirmation that conservatism derives from fearful emotions comes from a study of physiological responses to threat signals. Oxley et al (2008) measured startle reflexes (eyeblink magnitudes) to sudden, loud noises and increases in skin conductance to threatening visual images (e.g., spiders and open wounds). Conservatives showed higher fear responses to threat signals on both indicators, pointing to the involvement of neural activity patterns in the amygdala. Others have shown that conservatism relates to disgust sensitivity, indexed by squeamishness towards insects and insanitary conditions (Inbar et al, 2011) and that reminders of cleanliness (e.g., notices about the importance of washing hands) shift attitudes in a conservative direction (Helzer & Pizzaro, 2011).

The Psychology of Conservatism was an important book because it helped generate a wealth of research on a major dimension of social attitudes that reflects personality and motivational factors. It is very gratifying to see its reissue 40 years down the line.

For further information or to order a copy, visit www.routledge.com/9780415661652

References
Adorno, T. et al (1950) The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.
Alford, J. (2005) Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American Political Science Review, 99, 153-167.
Amodio, D.M. et al (2007) Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 1246- 1247.
De Neve, J. (2011) Personality, childhood experience and political ideology. (online).
Hatemi, P.K. et al (2011) Integrating social science and genetics: News from the political front. Biodemography and Social Biology, 57, 67-87.
Helzer, E.G. & Pizarro, D.A. (2011) Dirty liberals! Reminders of physical cleanliness influence moral and political attitudes. Psychological Science (online).
Hirsh, J.B. et al (2010) Compassionate liberals and polite conservatives: Associations of Aggreeableness with political ideology and moral values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 655.
Inbar, Y. et al (2011) Disgust sensitivity, political conservatism and voting. Social, Psychological and Personality Science (online).
Jost, J.T. (2006) The end of the end of ideology. American Psychologist. 61, 651-670.
Kanai, R. et al (2011) Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current Biology, 21, 677-680.
Oxley, D.R. et al (2008) Political attitudes vary with physiogical traits. Science, September 19, 1667-1670.
Settle, J.E. et al (2010) Friendships moderate an association between a dopamine gene variant and political ideology. The Journal of Politics, 72, 1189-1198.
Tesser, A. (1993) The importance of heritability in psychological research: The case of attitudes. Psychological Review, 100, 129-142.
Wilson, G.D (Ed.)(1973) The Psychology of Conservatism. London: Academic Press.
Wilson, G.D. (1990) Ideology and humour preferences. International Political Science Review, 11, 461-472.
 

How do we know what makes for good teaching and learning in higher education? There are plenty of tips and many approaches but how can we make sense of these? This was the challenge taken up in Graham Webb’s book Understanding Staff Development which was first published in 1996. At the time it was the only book available to interpret major theories of teaching and learning in higher education in terms of a wider theory of knowledge. It remains so today. It is the book to which higher education teachers and students, academic leaders and support staff turn in order to gain an informed and comprehensive view of the area. Understanding Staff Development is a misleading title therefore as not only is it a foundational source for academic and staff developers, but it is of similar importance for all those who have a role in teaching and learning in higher education.

The book takes readers through the theory and practice of teaching and learning from the perspectives of science, interpretation/hermeneutics, critical theory and post modernity. At the time of its publication it caused controversy by critiquing major approaches including the notion of ‘deep’ and ‘surface’ learning (sparking a debate between Webb and phenomenographers in the journal ‘Higher Education’) and those associated with action research. Such approaches persist today the importance of Webb’s critique remains undiminished.

The reissue of Understanding Staff Development makes it possible for people to continue to have access to this important work and for a new generation to appreciate and gain understanding from the messages it contains.
 

For further information or to order a copy, visit www.routledge.com/9780415661669

First published in 1977, Women, Crime and Criminology presents a feminist critique of classical and contemporary theories of female criminality, while The Ties that Bind, published initially in 1984, makes an important and timely contribution to the development of the idea that the law is a major source of women’s oppression. Read below for further information on each individual title:

Women, Crime & Criminology
When first published in 1976, Women, Crime & Criminology was a bold feminist intervention into the field of criminology. The book’s main purpose was to critique the paternalistic and patriarchal thinking that dominated the field at that time. Smart’s critique of classical criminology is vigorous and challenging, but she also exposes the problematic treatment of women in the criminal justice system as both offenders and as victims of crime. Women, Crime & Criminology was part of a new wave of feminist sociology and criminology which gathered pace in the 1970s and 1980s, and it remains an important contribution to the history of feminist scholarship in the UK.

For a detailed contents listing, or to order a copy of Women, Crime and Criminology, click here.
 

The Ties That Bind
The Ties That Bind was originally published in 1984 and was one of the earliest Second Wave feminist analyses of the workings of family law in England. Smart was one of the pioneers of feminist socio-legal studies in the early 1980s and this book provides a comprehensive, but accessible, discussion of the ways in which family law in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s shaped and impacted (negatively) on the lives of women. Although many laws have been reformed since 1984 The Ties That Bind offers a scholarly analysis of legal thinking as it affected the private sphere of family life. The book concludes with a discussion of how a feminist perspective could reform family law.

For a detailed contents listing, or to order a copy of The Ties That Bind, click here.

First published in 1987, Common Knowledge was a radical departure from the traditionally individualistic psychologies which underpinned modern approaches to educational theory and practice. In this article, the title's authors, Derek Edwards and Neil Mercer, discuss their writing of the title and the research they have been involved in since its initial publication.
 

Common Knowledge, then and now

By around 1980, when we began the research that features in this book, other investigators had already pointed to some of the characteristic features of classroom talk. For example, teachers use lots of ‘closed’ questions to assess children’s understanding and provide feedback on what they hear – and, to what might seem a surprising extent, their pupils go along with this. What nobody had really asked was what ensures that this pattern of interaction is reproduced in classrooms all over the world? Our suggestion was that it depends on the participants following a set of normative conversational rules, which were part of their ‘common knowledge’. These ‘ground rules’ are usually left quite implicit, and include ‘Only a teacher can nominate who should speak’, and ‘pupils should try to provide answers to teachers’ questions which are as relevant and brief as possible’. Classrooms are not peculiar places for having such ground rules; chat shows, job interviews, church services, sales encounters and so on all have them, which participants usually seem to ‘pick up’ as they are rarely spelled out. But if you want to understand how classroom education works (or doesn’t), you need to try to reveal these rules, and other kinds of knowledge that teachers and pupils are taking for granted as they go about everyday life in school. This is what we set out to do.

The idea of ‘ground rules’ was an important starting point for Common Knowledge, which goes on to analyse video recordings of the actions, interactions and talk by which classroom lessons are conducted, and by which shared understandings are produced. The book’s central concern is not the structure of discourse (e.g., question-answer sequences), nor of social relations and interaction per se, but rather, children’s understandings of the concepts they were being taught. Yet the central theme is the inherently social nature of those conceptual understandings, approached as a matter of ‘common knowledge’ rather than individual cognition, where the very notion of individual cognition – what children understand and how they think – is itself a product and feature of practices for establishing and recognizing common knowledge. This was, at the time, quite a radical way of approaching children’s learning and cognition, and indeed cognition generally.

A major issue for our study was that classroom education was a world still strongly dominated, at least in theory, by Piagetian ideas about ‘learning by doing’, and by cognitive-psychological notions of how knowledge is abstracted by individual minds from action and experience. What concerned us, under Vygotsky’s influence, was examining how teachers nevertheless are able to make sure that children learn what they are supposed to learn, which is largely a ready-made set of concepts, phenomena and explanations that pre-exist children’s entry into the classroom. A major foundation for the book was therefore the close analysis of video-recorded classroom lessons, examining exactly what was said, by whom, and at what point, with regard to the objects, actions and events of classroom work. Much of the analysis, of extracts of classroom talk, focuses on how teachers manage to direct, shape and conceptualize what exactly it is, that children are ostensibly ‘learning from experience’.

So what has followed, in our own research, since 1987? One of us (Neil Mercer) continued to study classroom talk, but in a more ‘interventional’ way, aimed at improving the quality of teaching and learning. With several other colleagues – mainly Lyn Dawes, Rupert Wegerif, Karen Littleton and Paul Warwick – this has involved working closely with teachers to make their interactions with children, and children’s interactions with each other, more ‘dialogic’. It has generated the Thinking Together approach to classroom education, which has been quite influential at home and abroad [see http://thinkingtogether.educ.cam.ac.uk/ ]. The book Dialogue and the Development of Children’s Thinking (N. Mercer & K. Littleton, Routledge, 2007] describes that line of enquiry. Some related research has been about the use of digital technology for supporting learning in the classroom [see http://iwbcollaboration.educ.cam.ac.uk/].

The direction Derek Edwards took, was to extend the book’s focus on education, toward a basic and general interest how psychological themes such as knowledge, memory, emotion, causal reasoning, intentionality, etc., can be studied in terms of how they are conceptualized in language, as part of real-world social practices. Working with colleagues such as David Middleton, Jonathan Potter and Elizabeth Stokoe, this became ‘discursive psychology’, which is an integrated package of method, data and theory for the study of how people use psychological concepts in (and for) everyday life. Settings range from domestic phone calls to counselling, neighbour complaints and police interrogations – and, of course, education. For access to a range of that work, go to http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ss/staff/edwards.html

Derek Edwards
Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Loughborough University

Neil Mercer
Professor of Education, University of Cambridge

For further title information, and a detailed list of contents, visit the following link: www.routledge.com/9780415632911

Capitalising on our rich and diverse backlist, we offer subject specific collections in the following subjects:

• Sociology
  
• Philosophy
  
• Literature
  
• Economics
  
• Politics
  

Catholic in scope, each wide-ranging collection consists of 20/30 titles, encompassing works by distinguished scholars in each field.

For a more detailed insight into each collection, please click on the above links.

Please note that all titles have been previously available for sale individually through the Routledge Revivals programme.
 

This ten volume backlist collection brings together an assortment of his seminal works. Comprehensive and diverse, the collection encompasses such topics as economic growth, international trade, property ownership and Meade’s work on the principles of political economy.

Spanning more than 30 years in Professor Meade’s distinguished career, the reissued volumes in this collection, originally published between 1940 and 1976, offer a thorough and engaging insight into Professor Meade’s work. The collection will appeal both to the general reader, as well as to students and professional economists.

For a more detailed list of contents, or to order a copy, please visit: http://ow.ly/acJIz

For details of other economics-related titles publishing from Routledge Reference, please visit our Economics and Business catalogue here.

Written by journalist Ed Girardet, one of the world's leading authorities on the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Afghanistan: The Soviet War, was first published in 1985 - the height of the war – and reissued last year.
 

Based on five clandestine trips into Afghanistan with the resistance, the book examines why the Soviets invaded in 1979 and what they were seeking to defend.

Girardet analyses their deliberate policy of migratory genocide through a combination of aerial bombardments, political repression and economic blockades.

The text’s particular strength lies in the author’s dispassionate reporting style and firsthand proximity to the conflict. Girardet interviewed many of the leaders of the Afghan resistance, both inside Afghanistan and in the refugee camps, and he explains in depth the nature of the Afghan Islamic anti-communist struggle for independence.
 
Essential reading for all those interested in the history of the conflict in Afghanistan.

To learn more about this fascinating reissue please visit: www.routledge.com/9780415684804

The Defences of the Weak: A Sociological Study of a Norwegian Correctional Institution, by Thomas Mathiesen (Professor emeritus of sociology of law in Oslo), reissues this year under our Routledge Revivals programme.
 

‘Mathiesen makes an extremely significant contribution to the understanding of the prison community...’ British Journal of Criminology

‘The book is valuable for the light it sheds on the awkward relationship which exists between the custodial staff and the treatment experts in the prison.’ The Law Journal

A sociological study of a Norwegian penal institution, The Defences of the Weak is the first of Mathiesen’s in depth studies of prison. Informed through Mathiesen’s two years spent observing and interviewing inmates and staff in a Norwegian correctional institution, the aim of the study was to consider the extent to which American prisons fit with prison life in a different culture - Norwegian prisons were, at the time of the study, miles away from their US counterparts.

Since its publication, Mathiesen has gone on to a vast range of studies in this and other areas – prison abolition, the sociology of power and counter-power, the media, the Internet and so on. He is currently engaged in a large-scale study of political surveillance in Europe and elsewhere.

This month Professor Mathiesen, in association with KROM - The Norwegian Association for Penal Reform, has co-organised the conference ‘Perspectives on Content and Frames of the Prison’. Taking place in Norway, from the 12th to the 15th of January, the conference investigates themes such as sentencing and the treatment of prisoners.

Established in 1968, KROM is essentially a prisoners’ organisation; prisoners and ex-prisoners form the board, along with other members such as researchers, social workers and medical doctors. In many ways, the organisation (and the conferences) grew out of Mathiesen’s experiences with The Defences of the Weak.

To learn more about Mathiesen’s fascinating reissue please visit: www.routledge.com/9780415535199

Follow our link to the conference website

(NOW AVAILABLE FOR PRE-ORDER IN PRINT AND E-BOOK FORMAT)

First published in Great Britain in 1968, the editor, Robert Denoon Cumming, has organised the work around certain concepts which are central to Sartrian thought, notably Consciousness in its relation to Being, to ‘the Other’, to Art, Literature, History and Society.

The reader can see for himself how Sartre’s aesthetic and highly individual existentialism of La Nausée is systematically transformed into the neo-Marxist sociological theory of his Critique de la Raison dialectique. By a skilful process of editing, Professor Cumming has provided an authoritative introduction to the life of one of the greatest intellectual figures of modern times.

The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre publishes on the 29th January and is available to order online now.

Keen philosophers will be pleased to hear we have a philosophy collection on offer at the moment. Until the end of April you can purchase this 20 volume set at a 15% discount.
 

With titles published between 1918 and 1991, this is a truly wide-ranging selection, encompassing works by distinguished authors such as: Zygmunt Bauman, Raymond Plant, L. T. Hobhouse, J. A. Hobson and Tom Bottomore.

Dealing with everything from social justice to concepts of socialist utopia, to sexual politics, this set offers a collection of the best of Routledge publishing in the field of Sociology from across the Twentieth Century.

Visit our Routledge Revivals Sociology Collection page for more information and to order your set today!