Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• Chapter 2. Definitions
• Homosexuality is Not a Mental Disorder or Disease
• Gender Characterization
• Sexual Orientation
• Two Myths
• Summary
• Chapter 3. Human Sexual Development
• Morphological Development
• Neurological Development
• Summary
• Chapter 4. Hormones and Sexual Development
• Gonadal Hormones and How They Work
• Studies of Normal Animals
• Animal Experiments
• Nature’s Human Experiments
• Summary
• Chapter 5. Gestational Neurohormonal Theory
• Neuro-Organization
• Sex-Typical Behavior
• Deductions
• Summary
• Chapter 6. Science
• What is Science?
• Experimental Design
• What Science Can Tell Us
• Science in the United States
• Summary
• Chapter 7. Genetics
• Family Studies
• Twin Studies
• Genetic Linkage Analysis
• Specific Genes
• Summary
• Chapter 8. Brain Anatomy
• Sex-Specific Behavior Patterns
• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
• The Anterior Hypothalamus
• The Anterior Commissure
• Summary
• Chapter 9. Sex-Typical Behavior in Children
• Summary
• Chapter 10. Anthropometrics: Body Measurements
• Long Bones
• Finger Length Ratio
• Dermatoglypics: Fingerprint Analysis
• Height and Weight
• Waist to Hip Ratio in Women
• Penis Size
• Onset of Puberty
• Summary
• Chapter 11. Sensory Systems
• Hearing
• Eye-Blink Startle Reflex
• Smelling
• Summary
• Chapter 12. Cerebral Lateralization
• Handedness
• Cognitive Functions
• Sexual Orientation
• Summary
• Chapter 13. Gay Men and Older Brothers
• The Fraternal Birth Order Effect
• Maternal Immune Hypothesis
• Older Brothers and Other Characteristics
• Summary
• Chapter 14. Maternal Behaviors
• Stress
• Alcohol
• Nicotine
• Hormones
• Prescription Drugs
• Summary
• Chapter 15. Conclusions
• Summary of Positive and Null Effects
• Chapter 16. The Use of Science
• Chapter 17. Epilogue
• Appendix
• Glossary
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index