Table of Contents:

List of figures ix
Acknowledgements xiv
Introduction 1
How to use this book 2
Outline 2
PART I
Setting the scene 7

1 Introducing corpora and corpus analysis tools 9
What is a corpus? 9
Who uses corpora? 11
Are there different types of corpora? 11
Are there tools for investigating corpora? 13
Why use corpora to investigate language? 13
Key points 20
Further reading 21
Exercises 21

2 Introducing LSP 25
What is LSP? 25
Who uses LSP? 27
Why learn an LSP? 28
How can a corpus help with LSP acquisition? 31
Key points 39
Further reading 40
Exercise 40
4PART II
Corpus design, compilation and processing 43

3 Designing a special purpose corpus 45
Corpus size 45
Text extracts vs full texts 49
Number of texts 49
Medium 49
Subject 50
Text type 50
Authorship 51
Language 51
Publication date 52
Corpus design: an example 52
Key points 53
Further reading 55
Exercises 55

4 Compiling a special purpose corpus 58
Copyright and permissions 59
Electronic resources 61
Corpus compilation: an example 68
Key points 73
Further reading 73
Search engines and meta-search engines 73
Tutorials for effective web searching 73
Potential LSP resources for corpus building 74
Exercise 74

5 Markup and annotation 75
What is markup? 75
What is annotation? 83
Key points 89
Further reading 90
Addresses of tagsets discussed in this chapter 90
Exercises 91

6 Bilingual and multilingual corpora: pre-processing, alignment and exploitation 92
Bilingual and multilingual corpora 92
Why use a parallel corpus? 93
Who uses parallel corpora? 94
Creating your own parallel corpus 95
vi Contents
How does alignment work? 100
Using your parallel corpus 103
Key points 107
Further reading 107
Where to get information about corpus resources 108
Where to find out more about bilingual
concordancers 108
Exercises 108

7 Introduction to basic corpus processing tools 109
Producing word lists 109
Concordances 120
Key points 129
Further reading 130
Concordancing software 130
Exercises 130
PART III
Corpus-based applications in LSP 135

8 Building useful glossaries 137
What is a glossary? 137
Why do you need to produce a glossary? 138
What about dictionaries and comparable
documents? 139
Traditional methods of producing a glossary 140
Practical terminology work 143
Storing your data 161
Summary of glossary compilation 162
Key points 164
Further reading 164
Exercise 164

9 Term extraction 165
Monolingual term extraction 166
Bilingual term extraction 171
Using term extraction techniques with basic corpus
analysis tools 172
Key points 173
Further reading 174
Some products containing term extraction tools 174
Exercises 175

10 Using LSP corpora as a writing guide 177
Creating a small corpus 177
Writing science 178
Writing a product review 185
Key points 191
Further reading 192
Exercise 192

11 Using LSP corpora as a translation resource 193
Using a parallel corpus as a translation resource 193
Using a monolingual corpus as a translation resource 198
Key points 209
Further reading 209
Exercise 210

12 Other applications and future directions 211
Creating LSP learner corpora 211
Using LSP corpora to identify and study neologisms 213
Using corpora to investigate metaphor in LSP 215
Customizing tools to meet LSP needs 217
Key points 220
Further reading 221
Exercises 222

Appendix 225
Tools 225
Resources 226

Glossary 229
Bibliography 234
Index

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