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Structure of this Website Lecture 2 : Born or made? Dilemmas of destiny and development The learning objective is for leaders to study existing historical materials and to reach personal insights into their relevance for personal leadership issues. The ‘born or made’ dilemma is provided as one route into studying and reflecting on historical maps. Alan Bryman’s map covers the development of transformation leadership or new leadership concepts in the 1980s, suggesting that transformation-supporting skills may help distinguish leaders from managers. The map leaves open the possibility of special innate leader properties and the possibility of developing those skills across a wider range of people in organizations through leadership development. A meta-study of leadership development courses indicates the nature of the dilemma: in practice, interventions are not conducted under controlled conditions, so that the impact of a specific personal development program is likely to hard to disentangle from other interventions and changes occurring. Approaches advocated in influential leadership development courses are described. A practical exercise (Box 2.1) invites readers to reflect on their preferred map in the context of the ‘born or made’ dilemma. |  |
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