About the Book

Table of Contents

To download these documents you will require Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Click here to download a version.

Preface, Acknowledgements

 Part I: The Road to Revolution, 1895-1919

• A Prologue: The Boxers
• The State of China on the Eve of the Twentieth Century

Chapter 1 - The Rise of Confucian Radicalism

• Calls for Institutional Reform
• Confucian Radicalism in Political Context
• Confucian Radicalism in Cultural Context
• Ideological Revolution

Chapter 2 - 1911: History and Historiography

• The 1911 Revolution as Prologue
• The 1911 Revolution as Phase
• Political Revolution as Conservative Social Change
• Structural Breakdown
• Revolutionary Atmosphere

Chapter 3 - Ideas and Ideals in the Fall of the Qing

• Empire and Nation
• Nationalism and State-Building: Liang Qichao
• Han Nationalism: Race and Revolution

Chapter 4 - From the Military Dictator to the Warlords

• The Politics of the Early Republic
• Foreign Affairs and Monarchism
• Militarism and the Warlord Era (1916-1927)
• The Causes and Effects of Militarism

Chapter 5 - Social Conditions in the Countryside

• The Basic Patterns of Rural Life
• The Disintegration of Rural Society
• Peasants: Resistance, Rebellion, and Revolution

Chapter 6 - Urban Social Change

• Urban Development: Civil Society and the Bourgeoisie
• New Social Forces: Workers
• New Social Forces: Students, Women

Chapter 7 – Intellectuals, the Republic and a New Culture

• Constitutionalism, Federalism, Reform
• The New Culture Movement
• The Fate of Confucianism in Modern China
• Anarchism and Socialism in the Early Republic

 Part II Nationalism and Revolution, 1919-1937

Chapter 8 - Politics and Culture in the May Fourth Movement

• The May Fourth Movement, 1919-1921
• Imperialism and Liberalism
• The Political Significance of the May Fourth Movement
• Cultural Revolution and Social Change
• The Modern Nation and Limits of Change

Chapter 9 - National Identity, Marxism, and Social Justice

• "Problems versus Isms" and the Appeal of Marxism-Leninism
• "Science versus Metaphysics" and Modern Chinese Conservatism
• Anarchists versus Communists: Defining Marxism
• Common Themes in May Fourth Discourse

Chapter 10 - The Rise of Political Parties

• Guangzhou and the Early Guomindang
• The Chinese Communist Party and the First United Front
• The "May Thirtieth" Movement (1925)

Chapter 11 - Ideology and Power in the Nationalist Revolution

• Ideology and the Guomindang
• Social Radicalism in the 1920s: The Peasantry
• Social Radicalism in the 1920s: Women

Chapter 12 - The Northern Expedition and the Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

• The Northern Expedition
• The Breakdown of the First United Front
• The National Revolution and Consolidation of Power

Chapter 13 - The Nanjing Decade, 1928-1937: The Guomindang Era

• State-Building in the Nanjing Decade
• Blue Shirts and New Life: Guomindang Fascism?
• Economy, State, and Society
• Legitimacy, Nationalism, and Dissent

Chapter 14 - Peasants and Communists

• The Survival of the CCP
• The Jiangxi Soviet
• The Lessons of the Futian Incident and Guerrilla War
• Intellectuals and Their Discovery of the Masses

 Part III War and Revolution, 1937-1949

Chapter 15 - The War of Resistance, 1937-1945

• The Japanese Invasion
• Nationalists at War
• Chongqing and Nanjing at War

Chapter 16 - Mao, Maoism, and the Communist Party

• Maoism to 1949
• Rectification
• The Mass Line

Chapter 17 - Revolution and Civil War

• Political Protest and Civil War
• Communists and Peasants, 1937-1946
• Peasants and Politics: Radicalization

Epilog