1st Edition
Fuel Cells Principles, Design, and Analysis
Fuel Cells: Principles, Design, and Analysis considers the latest advances in fuel cell system development and deployment, and was written with engineering and science students in mind. This book provides readers with the fundamentals of fuel cell operation and design, and incorporates techniques and methods designed to analyze different fuel cell systems. It builds on three main themes: basic principles, analysis, and design.
The section on basic principles contains background information on fuel cells, including fundamental principles such as electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and kinetics of fuel cell reactions as well as mass and heat transfer in fuel cells. The section on design explores important characteristics associated with various fuel cell components, electrodes, electrocatalysts, and electrolytes, while the section on analysis examines phenomena characterization and modeling both at the component and system levels.
- Includes objectives and a summary in each chapter
- Presents examples and problems demonstrating theory/principle applications
- Provides case studies on fuel cell analysis
- Contains mathematical methods including numerical methods and MATLAB® Simulink® techniques
- Offers references and material for further reading
Fuel Cells: Principles, Design, and Analysis
presents the basic principles, examples, and models essential in the design and optimization of fuel cell systems. Based on more than ten years of the authors’ teaching experience, this text is an ideal resource for junior- to senior-level undergraduate students and for graduate students pursuing advanced fuel cell research and study.Introduction
Primary Energy Sources—Fossil Fuel
Renewable Energy Resources and Alternative Energy Systems
Electrochemical Device—Basic Components and Operation
Basic Components and Operation of a Fuel Cell
Classification and Types of Fuel Cell
Applications of Fuel Cell
References
Review of Electrochemistry
Electrochemical and Electrolysis Cell
Oxidation and Reduction Processes
Faraday’s Laws
Ideal Polarized Electrode
Polarization and Overpotential
Conductivity and Ohm’s Law
Mass Transport and Nernst–Planck Equation
Standard Hydrogen and Other Reference Electrode
Cyclic Voltammetry
References
Reviews of Thermodynamics
State, Phase, and Properties
Thermodynamic Process and Cycle
Ideal Gas Equation of State
Energy and Energy Transfer
The Conservation of Mass
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Relations
Specific Heat
Estimation of Change in Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Function for Ideal Gases
Mixture of Gases
Combustion Process
Enthalpy of Formation hf ( 0 )
First Law for Reacting Systems
Enthalpy of Combustion (hRP)
Temperature of Product of Combustion
Absolute Entropy sf ( 0 )
Gibbs Function of Formation gf ( 0 )
References
Thermodynamics of Fuel Cell
Conventional Power Generation—Heat Engine
Energy Conversion in Fuel Cell
Changes in Gibbs Free Energy
Effect of Operating Conditions on Reversible Voltage
Fuel Cell Efficiency
Fuel Consumption and Supply Rates
Water Production Rate
Heat Generation in a Fuel Cell
Summary
References
Electrochemical Kinetics
Electrical Double Layer
Electrode Kinetics
Single- and Multistep Electrode Reactions
Electrode Reaction in Equilibrium—Exchange Current Density
Equation for Current Density—The Butler–Volmer Equation
Activation Overpotential and Controlling Factors
Tafel Equation—Simplified Activation Kinetics
Relationship of Activation Overpotential with Current Density—Tafel Plots
Fuel Cell Kinetics
Fuel Cell Irreversibilities—Voltage Losses
Fuel Cell Polarization Curve
Summary
References
Heat and Mass Transfer in Fuel Cell
Fluid Flow
Heat Transfer in Fuel Cell
Mass Transfer in Fuel Cell
Diffusion Coefficient
Mass Transfer Resistance in Fuel Cell
Summary
References
Charge and Water Transport in Fuel Cell
Charge Transport
Solid-State Diffusion
Charge Conductivity
Ohmic Loss in Fuel Cell
Water Transport Rate Equation
Summary
References
Fuel Cell Characterization
Characterization of Fuel Cell and Fuel Cell Components
Electrochemical Characterization Techniques
Characterization of Electrodes and Electrocatalysts
Characterization of Membrane Electrode Assembly
Characterization of Bipolar Plates
Characterization of Porous Structures of Electrodes and Membranes
Fuel Cell Test Facility
Summary
References
Fuel Cell Components and Design
Alkaline Fuel Cell
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
References
Fuel Cell Stack, Bipolar Plate, and Gas Flow Channel
Fuel Cell Stack Design
Fuel Cell Stack and Power System
Water Removal and Management
Cooling/Heating System for Fuel Cells
Bipolar Plate Design
Gas Flow Field
References
Simulation Model for Analysis and Design of Fuel Cell
Zero-Order Fuel Cell Analysis Model
One-Dimensional Fuel Cell Analysis Model
One-Dimensional Water Transport Model
One-Dimensional Electrochemical Model
One-Dimensional Fuel Cell Thermal Analysis Model
A Simplified One-Dimensional Heat Transfer Model
Multi-Dimensional Model
References
Dynamic Simulation and Fuel Cell Control System
Dynamic Simulation Model for Fuel Cell Systems
Simulation of Fuel Cell–Powered Vehicle
Dynamic Simulation of Integrated Fuel Cell Systems
Control System
References
Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems
Fuel Cell Subsystems
Fuels and Fuel Processing
Hydrogen as Energy Carrier
Summary
References
Fuel Cell Application, Codes and Standards, and Environmental Effects
Fuel Cell Applications
Fuel Cell Codes and Standards
Environmental Effects
Summary
References
Nomenclature
Appendices
Index
Biography
Shripad T. Revankar is a professor of nuclear engineering at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and visiting professor at POSTECH, South Korea, in the Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering. He received his MSc (1977), PhD (1983) in physics from Karnataka University, India, and M.Eng. (1982) in nuclear engineering from McMaster University Canada. He has published more than 300 refereed research papers in journal and conferences, is editor-in-chief of Frontier Energy-Nuclear Energy, serves on the editorial boards of eight international journals including Heat Transfer Engineering, ASME Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, and is also an ASME Fellow and winner of several awards.
Pradip Majumdar
is a professor and chair of mechanical engineering, and the director of the Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois. He received his BS degree (1975) in mechanical engineering from B.E College, University of Calcutta, and MS (1980) and PhD (1986) degrees in mechanical engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. He has worked on a number of federal and industrial research projects and published over 100 refereed research papers in archival journals and conference proceedings. He serves as the editor-in-chief of the Transactions of Fluid Mechanics, International Journal."This book covers all essential themes of fuel cells ranging from fundamentals to applications. It includes key advanced topics important for understanding correctly the underlying multi-science phenomena of fuel cell processes. The book does not only cope with traditional fuel cells but also discusses the future concepts of fuel cells. The book is rich on examples and solutions important for applying the theory into practical use."
—Peter Lund, Aalto University, Helsinki"A good introduction to the range of disciplines needed to design, build and test fuel cells."
—Nigel Brandon, Imperial College"This is a one of a kind book that is comprehensive in covering key topics on fuel cell from extensive reviews of electrochemistry and thermodynamics, to modeling and simulation, to fuel processing and environmental impact. The book lays out in-depth theoretical aspects on fuel cell multi-science processes and yet presents material easy to comprehend. It is well written and sufficiently consistent in style embedded with practical examples to serve as an excellent textbook for both undergraduate and graduate course works. The level of thoroughness and detail is impressive and material presented is useful for the broader fuel cell community, including engineers, industry and researchers."
—Suddhasatwa Basu, Ph.D., professor and head of the chemical engineering department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
