3rd Edition

Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry A Practical Guide, Third Edition

By Eugene R. Weiner Copyright 2013
    622 Pages 119 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    622 Pages 119 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Professionals and students who come from disciplines other than chemistry need a concise yet reliable guide that explains key concepts in environmental chemistry, from the fundamental science to the necessary calculations for applying them. Updated and reorganized, Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide, Third Edition provides the essential background for understanding and solving the most frequent environmental chemistry problems. Diverse and self-contained chapters offer a centralized and easily navigable framework for finding useful data tables that are ordinarily scattered throughout the literature.





    Worked examples provide step-by-step details for frequently used calculations, drawing on case histories from real-world environmental applications. Chapters also offer tools for calculating quick estimates of important quantities and practice problems that apply the principles to different conditions. This practical guide provides an ideal basis for self-study, as well as short courses involving the movement and fate of contaminants in the environment.



    In addition to extensive reorganization and updating, the Third Edition includes a new chapter, Nutrients and Odors: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur, two new appendices, Solubility of Slightly Soluble Metal Salts and Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in this Book, and new material and case studies on remediation, stormwater management, algae growth and treatment, odor control, and radioisotopes.

    Water Quality
    Defining Environmental Water Quality
    Sources of Water Impurities
    Measuring Impurities

    Contaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles
    Behavior of Contaminants in Natural Waters
    What Are the Fates of Different Pollutants?
    Processes that Remove Pollutants from Water
    Some Major Contaminant Groups and Natural Pathways for their Removal from Water
    Chemical and Physical Reactions in the Water Environment
    Partitioning Behavior of Pollutants
    Intermolecular Forces
    Origins of Intermolecular Forces: Electronegativities, Chemical Bonds, and Molecular Geometry
    Solubility and Intermolecular Attractions
    References

    Major Water Quality Parameters and Applications
    Interactions Among Water Quality Parameters
    pH
    Carbon Dioxide, Bicarbonate, and Carbonate
    Acidity and Alkalinity
    Oxidation–Reduction Potential
    Hardness
    Dissolved Oxygen
    Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand
    Solids (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved)
    Temperature
    Drinking Water Treatment
    References

    Nutrients and Odors: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
    Nutrients and Odors
    Nitrogen: Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate
    Phosphorus
    Nutrient (N + P) Contamination: The Eutrophication and Algae Problems
    Sulfide (S2-) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
    Odors of Biological Origin in Water (Mostly from Hydrogen Sulfide and Ammonia Products)
    References

    Behavior of Metal Species in the Natural Environment
    Metals in Water
    Mobility of Metals in Water/Soil Environments
    General Behavior of Dissolved Metals in Water
    Adjusting pH to Remove Metals from Water by Precipitation
    Your Results May Vary
    How ORP Affects the Solubility of Metals
    ORP-Sensitive and ORP-Insensitive Metals
    Metal Water Quality Standards
    Applications
    References

    Soil, Groundwater, and Subsurface Contamination
    Nature of Soils
    Soil Profiles
    Organic Matter in Soil
    Soil Zones
    Contaminants Become Distributed in Water, Soil, and Air
    Partition Coefficients
    Mobility of Contaminants in the Subsurface
    Particulate Transport in Groundwater: Colloids
    Case Study: Clearing Muddy Ponds
    Ion Exchange
    Agricultural Water Quality

    General Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and the Behavior of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface
    Types and Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
    General Characteristics of Petroleum Liquids: The Most Common LNAPL
    Behavior of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface
    Formation of Petroleum Contamination Plumes
    Estimating the Amount of LNAPL Free Product in the Subsurface
    Estimating the Amount of Residual LNAPL Immobilized in the Subsurface
    Chemical Fingerprinting of LNAPLs
    Simulated Distillation Curves and Carbon Number Distribution Curves
    References

    Behavior of Dense Nonaqueous Liquids in the Subsurface Phase
    DNAPL Properties
    DNAPL Free Product Mobility
    Testing for the Presence of DNAPL
    Polychlorinated Biphenyls
    References

    Biodegradation and Bioremediation of LNAPLs and DNAPLs
    Biodegradation and Bioremediation
    Basic Requirements for Biodegradation
    Biodegradation Processes
    Natural Aerobic Biodegradation of NAPL Hydrocarbons
    Determining the Extent of Bioremediation of LNAPL
    Bioremediation of Chlorinated DNAPLs
    References

    Behavior of Radionuclides in the Water and Soil Environment
    Introduction
    Radionuclides
    Emissions and Their Properties
    Units of Radioactivity and Absorbed Radiation
    Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes in the Environment
    Technologies for Removing Uranium, Radium, and Radon from Water
    References

    Selected Topics in Environmental Chemistry
    Treatment of Pollutants in Urban Stormwater Runoff
    Water Quality Profile of Groundwater in Coal-Bed Methane Formations
    Indicators of Fecal Contamination: Coliform and Streptococci Bacteria
    Reusing Municipal Wastewater: The Problem of Pathogens
    Oil and Grease Analysis
    Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Environmental Sampling
    Deicing and Sanding of Roads: Controlling Environmental Effects

    Appendices
    A Selective Dictionary of Water Quality Parameters and Pollutants
    Solubility of Slightly Soluble Metal Salts
    Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in this Book
    Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises

    Biography

    Eugene R. Weiner