1st Edition
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the most exciting new advances in the treatment of chronic severe (NYHA symptom class) heart failure associated with dyssynchronous ventricular contraction that is refractory to medical treatment. In all randomized trials CR has resulted in improved NYHA symptom class, exercise capacity and quality of life in the majority of patients as compared to patients on optimal medical therapy including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE)/angiotensin receptor blocker inhibitor (ARB) and b adrenergic receptor blockers. These symptomatic benefits are mediated by "reverse remodeling" of the left ventricle, that is reduction in volume, regression of LV mass, improvement in ejection fraction and severity of mitral regurgitation induced by synchronization of ventricular contraction.
This new text is edited by 5 experts in heart failure, electrophysiology and non-invasive cardiac imaging and is extensively illustrated with high quality figures and examples of clinical cases. The purpose of the book is to put into perspective this novel therapy with regards to traditional heart failure treatment and to provide criteria for identifying patients likely to have an optimal and sustained response to CRT using a practical "how to" approach. This text begins by describing the background and evolution of the technique to the current implementation and the impact of complications on clinical outcome. There are chapters describing "cutting edge" Doppler echocardiography for assessing dyssynchrony, reverse remodeling and triaging patients into those with greatest likelihood of responding to CRT with illustrative clinical case examples. There is a full description of the results of all the randomized clinical trials and a number of chapters discussing the need for concomitant internal cardiac defibrillator (ICD), special circumstances such as atrial fibrillation, right bundle branch block, left ventricular lead placement and
Part I : Heart failure: pathophysiology and treatment 1. Epidemiology of Heart Failure 2. The Desynchronized Heart 3. Conventional Medical Therapy for HF with Low EF 4. Determinants of Remodeling 5. Summary of all the Large Randomized Trials 6. Exploring subpopulations using CRT 7. Effects of CRT on Structural and Functional Remodeling 8. Non-responders and Patient Selection from a Heart Failure Perspective Part II: CRT: anatomical considerations, implantation and settings 9. Anatomy of the Coronary Sinus 10. Implantation of Cardiac Resynchronization Devices 11. AV Optimization with CRT 12. V/V Optimization with CRT 13. Complications of CRT 14. Non-responders and Patient Selection from an Electrophysiology Perspective Part III: Patient selection and follow-up; role of echocardiography 15. Differential Effects of CRT in Ischemic versus Non-ischemic Heart Failure 16. Pathobiology of left ventricular dyssynchrony 17. Left ventricular dyssynchrony in predicting response and patient selection; role of tissue Doppler imaging 18. How to Measure Response to CRT 19. Impact of CRT on Mitral Regurgitation 20. Non-responders and Patient Selection from an Echo Perspective Part IV: CRT: evolving indications and future perspectives 21. CRT Combined with ICD Placement? 22. Efficacy of CRT in Atrial Fibrillation 23. CRT in Atrioventricular Block or Symptomatic Bradycardia and Indication 24. CRT in RBBB 25. CRT in NYHA class II Heart Failure 26. CRT in Narrow QRS Duration (<120ms)
Biography
Martin St John Sutton, Jeroen J. Bax, Mariell Jessup, Josep Brugada, Martin Jan Schalij
