Chemistry of Modern Papermaking presents a chemist's perspective on the papermaking process. With roughly 3% of the mass of a paper product invested in water-soluble chemicals, paper makers can adjust the speed and efficiency of the process, minimize and reuse surplus materials, and differentiate a paper product as required by specific customers. With research and development scattered across academic journals or the proprietary information of a variety of companies, the modern paper maker requires a one-stop resource for the general picture of the paper chemicals organic chemistry.
The remarkable effectiveness of chemicals at very low concentrations is a fascinating topic in paper chemistry. Chemistry of Modern Papermaking is an extensive collection of data combining the organic chemistry of paper with its potential applications. Within each chapter, paper chemicals are organized based on their chemical structure. After an introduction and brief history, the book explores the papermaking process, retention aids, temporary wet strength resins, wet strength resins, dry strength resins, internal sizing agents, creping adhesives and softeners, and chemicals for paper surface treatment. Uniquely, patents and scientific articles are included in almost equal number among the 3400 references.
Chemistry of Modern Papermaking focuses on the chemistry behind each application, on what has been done, and on what can be done. Never before has a book analytically arranged and lucidly explained such an expansive collection of details from both the patent and scientific literature. This synthesis is achieved not only through diligent work, but also through years of industrial experience.
Introduction
Acknowledgments
References
From Wood to Paper: A General View of the Papermaking Process
From the Papyrus Era to Modern Times: A Brief History of Making Paper
Pulp: The Support for Paper Chemicals
Paper Structure and Composition.
The Chemistry of Poly-Carbohydrates
Synthetic Polymers: Everywhere in Papermaking Process
Paper Testing: A Difficult Task
References
The Fate of Paper Chemicals at the Wet End
Friends and Foes at the Wet End
Polymers in Heterogeneous Systems
Retention Aids
References
Temporary Wet-Strength Resins
A Look at the Paper Wet-Strength Concept
The Synthesis of Temporary Wet-Strength Resins: General Chemistry
The Synthesis of Polyacrylamide
Polyaldehyde Copolymers from Polyacrylamide
Paper Wet Strength and Its Decay
References
Wet-Strength Resins
Prepolymer Synthesis
Ionic Charge Addition
Polyamidoamine Epichlorohydrin Polymers as Wet-Strength Resins
WSR Made from Blends
Paper Wet-Strengthening Mechanisms
Paper Repulpability
References.
Dry-Strength Resins
Involvement of Chemicals in the Dry Strength Mechanism of Paper
Anionic Dry-Strength Additives
Cationic Dry-Strength Additives
Amphoteric Dry-Strength Resins
Blends of Anionic and Cationic Resins
References.
Internal Sizing Agents
The Chemistry of Alum in the Papermaking Processes
Rosin is Back on the Cellulose Fibers
Reactive Internal Size (1): Alkyl Ketene Dimer.
Reactive Internal Size (2): Akenyl Succinic Anhydride.
Other Chemical Compounds Able to Fit the General Concept for an Internal Sizing Agent
References
Creping Adhesives and Softeners
Creping Adhesives
Composition of Creping Adhesives
Debonders/Softeners
References
Chemicals for the Treatment of Paper Surface
Surface Sizing Agents
Surface Strength Agents
Porosity Builders
Polymers in Paper Coatings
References
Index
Biography
Cornel Hagiopol received his PhD in macromolecular chemistry from Polytechnic University, Bucharest, Romania, in 1983. His expertise lies in polymer chemistry. He joined Lehigh University in 1998 and came to Georgia Pacific Chemicals LLC (paper chemicals group) in 2000 to work on the synthesis of copolymers for surface sizing agents and wet/dry strength resins. He authored the book Copolymerization (Plenum/Kluwer, New York, 1999) and was a contributor to Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics (Elsevier, Oxford, 2005). He is the coauthor of more than 30 publications and the coinventor of more than 20 patents.
James (Jim) W. Johnston is currently a research and development manager for Georgia-Pacific’s paper chemicals business in Decatur, Georgia. He is responsible for the development of intellectual property, project management, and technology development within the paper chemicals market. Jim’s expertise lies in chemistry applications, chemical engineering, and paper properties. He has held various technical, operations, marketing, and R&D positions over the years within Georgia-Pacific, Hercules, Inc., and International Paper. He is a past lecturer for TAPPI’s Wet End Chemistry short course and is the coauthor of several patents. Jim is a graduate of Syracuse University and SUNY ESF Chemical Engineering and Paper Science and Engineering Program.
"Open a page of this book at random, and you are more likely than not to encounter carefully selected and redrawn chemical formulae and reaction paths — illuminating many of the most promising strategies for the use of chemicals in a papermaking process. Too many authors have shied away from such a graphic and explicit approach to explaining important concepts underlying chemical technology. ...a book without such effective chemical notations and reaction schemes would require a great many more words — and probably achieve less clarity and utility. And this is a book that is clearly intended to be useful."
—Martin Hubbe, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
