1st Edition

Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII

Edited By Nere Gil-Negrete, Asier Alonso Copyright 2013

    Due to their unique properties, rubber materials are found in multiple engineering applications such as tires, engine mounts, shock absorbers, flexible joints, seals, etc. Nevertheless, the complex nature of the behavior of such material makes it difficult to accurately model and predict the performance of these units.

    The challenge to correctly reproduce the observed characteristics of rubber elements necessitates detailed experimental investigations, development of accurate constitutive models, validation of techniques to identify material parameters and efficient numerical methods. Aspects regarding fatigue and damage in elastomers are not to be left aside, as they influence the durability of the products.

    State-of-the-art technology in terms of constitutive modeling, numerical implementation, damage and fatigue resistance are strongly represented in these Proceedings, along with insights into advanced elastomers to be used in novel applications. Topics included in this volume are: Ageing, Friction and abrasion, Adhesion, Swelling, Continuum mechanical models and numerical implementation, Hyperelasticity, Micro-mechanical approaches, Fracture and fatigue, Mullins effect, Strain induced crystallization, Thermal effects, Reinforcement and vulcanization, Design and applications, Smart elastomers.

    Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII is of interest not only for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers in the discipline, but also for all those design and development engineers in the industry.

    Invited papers

    Prediction of fatigue cracks orientation in elastomers with configurational stresses
    E. Verron

    Magneto-sensitive elastomers—theory and applications
    L. Kari

    Evaluation of rubber suspension in rail vehicles—a multi functional solution?
    W.J. Mortel


    Ageing

    Oxidation effect on fracture properties of rubbers
    P.-Y. Le Gac, M. Broudin, P. Davies & B. Fayolle

    Ageing under preload
    S. Ernst, U. Weltin & M. Flamm

    Modelling naturally aged NR mouldings
    S. Kamaruddin, A.H. Muhr, P.-Y. Le Gac, Y. Marco & V. Le Saux

    Chemomechanically coupled finite element simulations of oxidative ageing in elastomeric components
    C. Naumann & J. Ihlemann

    Influence of the filler-matrix interface on ageing by γ-radiation of ATH filled EPDM
    A. De Almeida, L. Chazeau, G. Vigier, G. Marque, C. Monchy-Leroy & Y. Goutille


    Friction and abrasion

    Hysteresis and adhesion friction of carbon based elastomer nanocomposites: Theory, experiment and applications
    A. Lang & M. Klüppel

    Effect of the blade sharpness on the blade abrasion of rubber
    G. Wu, A.G. Thomas & J.J.C. Busfield


    Adhesion

    Adhesion effects in the contact between rubber and counterpart
    M. Kröger


    Swelling

    Effect of multiaxial mechanical loading on the swelling of rubber in biodiesel
    S.Y. Ch’ng, A. Andriyana, E. Verron & R. Ahmad


    Continuum mechanical models and numerical implementation

    On the dynamic material behaviour of filled rubber with respect to preload and frequency
    D. Wollscheid & A. Lion

    Parallel rheological framework to model non-linear viscoelasticity, permanent set, and Mullins effect in elastomers
    J.A. Hurtado, I. Lapczyk & S.M. Govindarajan

    Modelling of the mechanical properties of rubber compounds using a two-level structuralphenomenological model
    A.L. Svistkov, A.G. Pelevin, V.V. Shadrin & K.W. Stöckelhuber

    Modelling of hysteresis by means of a directional approach
    T. Rey, G. Chagnon, D. Favier & J.-B. Le Cam

    Development of constitutive equation of filled silicone architectured membrane
    M. Rebouah, G. Chagnon & D. Favier

    Finite thermoviscoelastic behaviour of elastomers—Experiments, modelling and FE simulation
    B. Dippel, M. Johlitz & A. Lion

    Thermo-mechanical analysis of steady state rolling tires by numerical simulation and experiment
    R. Behnke, I. Wollny & M. Kaliske

    Thermo-visco-hyperelastic modeling of the rubber self-heating under fatigue
    C.M.O. Rodas, F. Zaïri & M. Naït-Abdelaziz

    Experimental and constitutive modeling of a filled rubber with emphasis on the dynamical properties
    A. Delattre, S. Méo, F. Lacroix, C. Richard & S. Lejeunes

    Influence of viscoelasticity on the response of rubber under tensile wave propagation
    J.-C. Petiteau, E. Verron, R. Othman & H.L. Sourne

    On the efficient finite element modelling of cord-rubber composites
    H. Donner & J. Ihlemann

    Biodegradable polymers—a new modelling approach
    R. Seydewitz & M. Böl

    Experimental characterization of cyclic stress–strain response and its modeling for filled SBR vulcanizates
    J. Yamabe, M. Fujikawa, Y. Kodama & M. Koishi

    Finite element modelisation of multiaxial mechanical and fatigue behavior of a polychloroprene rubber
    J.L. Poisson, S. Méo, F. Lacroix, G. Berton & N. Ranganathan

    Instrumented micro-hardness measurements used to identify the local visco-hyper-elastic parameters of Polyurethane elastomers
    G. Bles, V. Le Saux, C. Castro-Lopez, B. Morvan, Y. Marco & C. Prisacariu

    A Multiscale continuum damage model for cavity growth in rubberlike materials
    H. Dal, B. Cansız & C. Miehe

    Identification of inelastic material parameters using component-oriented specimen
    D. Schellenberg, D. Juhre & J. Ihlemann


    Hyperelasticity

    The energy limiters approach to modeling failure of rubber
    K.Y. Volokh

    A strain energy function for rubber-like materials
    H. Khajehsaeid, R. Naghdabadi & J. Arghavani

    Proposal of an anisotropic hyperelastic model considering cyclic deformation
    M. Suda & A. Matsuda

    Unified model for Mullins effect and high cycle fatigue life prediction of rubber materials
    L. Gornet, G. Marckmann, R. Desmorat & P. Charrier

    Hyperelastic constants from a modified hardness test using energy balance obtained from FE-analysis
    P.-E. Austrell & A. Ahadi

    Testing and validation of finite element modeling for silicone based elastomeric foam materials
    P. Rangaswamy & M.W. Lewis

    Toward a hyperelastic model for foamed rubber with matrix compressibility and pore gas effects
    M.W. Lewis & P. Rangaswamy

    Application of homogenization FEM analysis to microcellular rubbers
    A. Matsuda, Y. Shinoda, R. Shimadu & O. Watanabe


    Micro-mechanical approaches

    Micro-mechanical model of strain-induced crystallization for filled natural rubbers
    V.N. Khiêm, R. Dargazany & M. Itskov

    Elasticity of colloidal clusters with application to carbon-black aggregates in filled rubbers
    R. Dargazany, A. Rege & M. Itskov

    Modeling of the behavior of elastomers filled by rigid particles with interfacial layers
    L.A. Komar, I.A. Morozov & B. Lauke

    Finite element based micro-mechanical modeling of micro-structure morphology in filler reinforced elastomer
    D. Sodhani & S. Reese

    The role of the rubber-filler interphase in linear viscoelasticity of SBRs filled with carbon-black nano-size particles
    J. Diani, P. Gilormini, Y. Merckel & F. Vion-Loisel

    Rupture of filler-filler bonds in strained elastomers: A molecular dynamics investigation
    M. Klüppel, V. Froltsov & D. Juhre

    A microstructure-based model for filled elastomers including time-dependent effects
    D. Juhre, R. Raghunath, M. Klüppel & H. Lorenz

    A nano-mechanical model for energy dissipation in filler networks
    R. Hentschke

    Impact of elastomer microstructure on the local mobility in linear regime
    C. Souillard, J.-Y. Cavaillé, L. Chazeau & R. Schach

    Coarse-grained modeling of filler concentration and structure in reinforced rubbers
    H. Xi & R. Hentschke

    Modeling large amplitude oscillatory shear in filled elastomers
    P. Sotta, D.R. Long, S. Merabia, L. Guy, A. Papon, H. Montes & F. Lequeux


    Fracture, fatigue and lifetime prediction

    Fracture behavior of rubber-like materials under classical Fatigue Crack Growth vs. Chip & Cut analysis
    R. Stoček, P. Ghosh, R. Mukhopadhyay, R. Kipscholl & G. Heinrich

    Mechanical characterization of carbon black filled NR/BR compounds from small strains up to fracture
    E. Cazzoni, R. Calabrò, C. Marano, M. Rink & G. Barbaglia

    Phase field modeling of fracture in rubbery polymers
    L. Schänzel, H. Dal & C. Miehe

    Influence of strain-induced crystallization on the crack driving force in fracture behavior of rubber
    J. Guilie & P.L. Tallec

    Effect of strain-induced crystallization on fatigue crack growth resistance of natural rubber
    P. Rublon, B. Huneau, E. Verron, N. Saintier & D. Berghezan

    Loss of stiffness during fatigue and the development of crack precursors
    W.V. Mars, M. Isasi & A. Arriaga

    Fatigue crack propagation in reinforced natural rubber
    C. Fayolle, O. Sanseau, J.L. Loubet & L. Vanel

    Towards an accurate description of the dissipation gradients at the micro-scale to describe the basic fatigue mechanisms
    I. Masquelier, Y. Marco, V.L. Saux, S. Calloch, P. Charrier & F. Rouillard

    Influence of cyclic softening on the energy release rate of an edge crack under simple tension
    W.V. Mars, X.Z. Cheng, H. Yang & L.Q. Zhang

    Evaluation of the tearing energy in a radial tyre
    T.L.M. Baumard, A.G. Thomas & J.J.C. Busfield

    The equi-biaxial fatigue characteristics of EPDM under true (Cauchy) stress control conditions
    M. Johnson, J. Hanley, S. Jerrams, R. Ekins & N. Murphy

    Contributions of IR thermography and X-ray tomography to the fatigue characterization of elastomeric materials
    Y. Marco, I. Masquelier, V.L. Saux, S. Calloch, B. Huneau & P. Charrier

    Fatigue damage in carbon black filled natural rubber investigated by X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy
    B. Huneau, I. Masquelier, Y. Marco, O. Brzokewicz & P. Charrier

    Study of fatigue behavior of rubber like materials with infrared thermography methods
    C. Cruanes, G. Berton, F. Lacroix, J.L. Poisson, S. Méo & N. Ranganathan

    Lifetime prediction—a unification of the fracture mechanics and the Wöhler concept
    S. Robin & T. Alshuth


    Mullins effect

    Understanding and modelling the Mullins softening from a mechanical point of view
    Y. Merckel, M. Brieu, J. Diani & J. Caillard

    Modelling deformation-induced anisotropy using 1D-laws for Mullins-Effect
    N. Diercks & A. Lion

    Simulation of self-organization processes in filled rubber and their influence on anisotropic Mullins effect
    H. Wulf & J. Ihlemann

    Anisotropic modeling of the Mullins effect and the residual strain of filled silicone rubber
    M. Rebouah, G. Chagnon & D. Favier

    Experimental investigation of the Mullins effect in swollen elastomers
    M.S. Loo, A. Andriyana, E. Verron, G. Chagnon & A.M. Afifi

    Modeling the Mullins effect in swollen rubber
    A.B. Chai, A. Andriyana, S.Y. Ch’ng, E. Verron & M.R. Johan

    Experimental results of high damping rubber under combined compression and cyclic shear
    Q.T. Nguyen, V. Tinard & C. Fond


    Strain induced crystallization

    Short-time behavior of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber
    K. Brüning, G. Heinrich & K. Schneider

    Strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: Kinetics and strain relaxation
    P.-A. Albouy, A. Vieyres, O. Sanseau & P. Sotta

    Micro-sphere model for strain-induced crystallization in rubber
    J. Guilie, L.T. Nga & P.L. Tallec

    Strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: A model for the microstructural evolution
    R. Laghmach, T. Biben, L. Chazeau, J.M. Chenal, E. Munch & C. Gauthier

    In situ WAXS dynamic study of strain induced crystallization kinetics of synthetic and natural rubber
    N. Candau, L. Chazeau, J.-M. Chenal, C. Gauthier, E. Munch & D. Thiaudière

    Strain-induced crystallites and temperature-induced crystallites in poly-isoprene by 2D WAXD simulating analysis
    S. Toki, J. Che, C. Burger, B.S. Hsiao, S. Amnuaypornsri & J. Sakdapipanich

    Characterization of high cis-content polybutadiene compounds differing in cis-content and molecular weight distribution
    C. Marano, S.H. Mohammadpoor & M. Rink


    Thermal effects

    On the evolution of the viscoelastic properties and their microstructural origin in a filled NBR under coupled thermal and cyclic mechanical loadings
    P. Garnier, J.-B. Le Cam, M. Grédiac, M. Dubois & S. Ababou-Girard

    Thermal effects accompanying the deformation of natural rubber
    J.R.S. Martinez, J.-B. Le Cam, X. Balandraud, E. Toussaint & J. Caillard

    Effects of temperature on the mechanical behavior of filled and unfilled silicone rubbers
    T. Rey, G. Chagnon, J.-B. Le Cam & D. Favier

    Thermal response of hyperelastic materials under cyclic loading conditions: Specificities and consequences for fatigue
    X. Balandraud & J.-B. Le Cam

    Filler effects on the thermomechanical response of stretched rubbers
    J.R.S. Martinez, J.-B. Le Cam, X. Balandraud, E. Toussaint & J. Caillard

    Characterization of heat sources due to deformation in unfilled natural rubber
    J.R.S. Martinez, J.-B. Le Cam, X. Balandraud, E. Toussaint & J. Caillard


    Reinforcement and vulcanization

    Discriminating reinforcement and strain amplification effects in reinforced natural rubber elastomers
    R. Pérez-Aparicio, A. Vieyres, O. Sanseau, D.R. Long, P. Sotta, L. Vanel & P.-A. Albouy

    Monte-Carlo simulations for 3D modelling of rubber reinforcement
    J. Ibarretxe, M. Iturrondobeitia, A. Okariz, F. Garrido, J.M. Eguzkitza, I. Lecubarri, M. Salazar & T. Guraya

    The reinforcement effects of graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of natural rubber
    D.C. Stanier, J. Ciambella, S. Rahatekar, A.J. Patil & S. Mann

    Evolution of elastomers network structures during the vulcanization process as investigated by 1H low-field multiple-quantum NMR
    A. González-Jiménez, M.A. Malmierca, P. Posadas, I. Mora-Barrantes, A. Marcos-Fernández, A. Rodríguez & J.L. Valentín

    The effect of fillers on crosslinking, swelling and mechanical properties of peroxide-cured rubbers
    L.B. Tunnicliffe, A.G. Thomas, J.J.C. Busfield & A.S. Farid

    Chemical modification of conventional rubbers for advanced applications
    P. Posadas, M. Alonso-Malmierca, I. Mora-Barrantes, L.M. Ibarra & J. López-Valentín

    Synthetic layered silicates as synergistic filler additive for tire tread compounds
    J.G. Meier, D. Julve, J. Ramos, J. Pérez, J. Coronas, M. Martínez & M. Menéndez


    Design and applications

    Characterization of elastomers under simultaneous tension and torsion for application to engine mounts
    A.-S. Lectez, E. Verron, B. Huneau, A.-S. Béranger & F.L. Brazidec

    Viscoelastic characterization at low temperature on an HNBR compound for sealing applications
    F. Rouillard, P. Heuillet & B. Omnes

    A methodology for the linearization of rubber models subjected to random excitation for frequency domain simulations
    A. Sañudo, J. Nieto, A. Alonso & N. Gil-Negrete

    A model for polymer gels based on the theory of rubber elasticity—Application to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc
    V. Brulliard, E. Verron & S.L. Corre

    Stress-based viscoelastic master curve construction of model tire tread compounds
    S. Maghami, W. Dierkes, J.W.M. Noordermeer, T. Tolpekina, S. Schultz, C. Gögelein & C. Wrana

    Rubber characterization for tire modeling
    N.N. Raje & S.M. Vossberg

    Evaluation of characteristics for chevron rubber spring
    C.S. Woo, H.S. Park & M.C. Kwang

    Anti-vibration HD unit assembly simulation and benchmark of effective usage of CPU in rubber FEA
    R.K. Luo, J. Lake & W.J. Mortel

    Modelling of cord-rubber composites of bellow air-springs
    A.V. Eitzen, U. Weltin, T. Brüger, T. Steinweger & M. Flamm

    Contact analysis of hollow rubber ball
    S. Ishikawa & H. Aihara

    Experimental evaluation of mechanical properties of belt conveyor with textile reinforcement and numerical simulation of its behaviour
    I. Petrikova, B. Marvalova, H.S. Tuan & P. Bocko

    Inflation test of orthotropic composite membrane with rubber matrix reinforced by plain weave fabric
    B. Marvalova, I. Petrikova, J. Kafka & H.S. Tuan

    Experimental and numerical analysis of indentation on a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer under cyclic loading
    L. Bartolomé & W. Tato

    Prediction of elastomer end-stops in non-linear isolators for space applications
    P. Camarasa & A. Febvre

    Magneto-sensitive, ionic and electro-active elastomers Linear viscoelastic behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers
    I. Agirre-Olabide, J. Berasategui, M.J. Elejabarrieta & M.M. Bou-Ali

    Generating a variable uniform magnetic field suitable for fatigue testing magnetorheological elastomers using the bubble inflation method
    D. Gorman, S. Jerrams, R. Ekins & N. Murphy

    Realistic fatigue life prediction for magnetorheological elastomers
    J. McIntyre, T. Alshuth, Y.F. Zhou, M. Johnson & S. Jerrams

    The effect of microstructure on the dynamic equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers
    Y.F. Zhou, S. Jerrams, A. Betts & L. Chen

    Development of ionic elastomers with shape memory effect
    M.A. Malmierca, I. Mora-Barrantes, P. Posadas, A. González-Jiménez, A. Rodríguez, L.M. Ibarra & J.L. Valentín

    Electroactive soft polyurethanes used as a smart rubbers
    M.H. Jomaa, J.-Y. Cavaillé, L. Lebrun, L. Seveyrat & K. Masenelli-Varlot

    Dielectric elastomer actuators for tuneable optics
    H. Zahabi, G. Frediani, J.J.C. Busfield & F. Carpi

    Electrical breakdown of dielectric elastomer actuator materials
    B. Chen, J.J.C. Busfield, M. Stewart & M.G. Cain

    The application of a carbon black filled elastomer to create a smart strain sensor
    M. Huang, A.G. Thomas & J.J.C. Busfield

    Author index

    Biography

    Asier Alonso, Nere Gil-Negrete