1st Edition

Designing Training and Instructional Programs for Older Adults

By Sara J. Czaja, Joseph Sharit Copyright 2013
    326 Pages 38 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    326 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Current and emerging trends in the domains of health management and the work sector, the abundance of new consumer products pervading the marketplace, and the desires of many older adults to undertake new learning experiences means that older adults, like their younger counterparts, will need to continually engage in new learning and training. Thus, understanding the challenges that older people face when confronted with new learning and training programs and developing potential strategies to overcome them is imperative. A comprehensive state-of-the-science review, Designing Training and Instructional Programs for Older Adults explores a broad range of issues, from the implications of theories of learning for designing instruction for older adults to adapting current perspectives on methods of instructional design to accommodate the capabilities and limitations of older learners.

    The authors provide an understanding of today’s older adults—their demographics, their needs, the challenges facing them, and a realistic appraisal of their abilities and limitations—as a basis for how current knowledge about training and instructional design should be shaped and applied to best accommodate this population of learners. They discuss topics such as retention and transfer of training, sequencing the order of instruction, e-learning, multimedia training formats, and the assessment and evaluation of training programs from the perspective of issues relevant to older learners. They also highlight the challenges presented by this very heterogeneous group that varies tremendously in backgrounds, skills, knowledge, and abilities.

    Focusing on how learning occurs, the authors’ balanced coverage makes the book readable and enlightening across a wide spectrum of professionals and academics, including human factors/ergonomics specialists, gerontologists, managers, educators, undergraduate and graduate students, and the design community. The book supplies concise recommendations that will have direct impact on the design of instructional programs and for those individuals who are responsible for the training and performance of older people.

    Introduction and Overview
    Demographic Trends
    Societal trends
    Content of the Book and Approach to the Topic
    Recommended Reading

    Characteristics of Older Adult Learners
    Overview
    Demographic Profile
    Abilities and Older Adults
    Summary
    Recommended Reading

    Training Older Adults: An Overview
    Introduction
    Aging and Learning: An Overview
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Learning and Skill Acquisition
    Learning
    Skill Acquisition
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Retention and Transfer of Training
    Retention
    Transfer of Training
    Recommendations

    Motivation, Anxiety, and Fatigue
    Motivation
    Anxiety
    Fatigue
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    The Human Information Processing System—The "Learning Engine"
    Revisiting Age-Related Declines in Cognitive Abilities
    An Overview of Human Information Processing
    A Closer Look at the Role of Information Processing
    Cognitive Load Theory and Working Memory
    Synthesis: Human Information-Processing System Model with Implications for Older Learners
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Methods and Approaches to Instruction and Training
    Historical Background
    The Importance of Sequencing in Instructional Design
    Strategies for Sequencing the Order of Instruction
    Sequencing Worked Examples and Problem-Solving Exercises
    The Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID) Model
    Active Versus Passive Learning
    The Teach-Back and Teach-to-Goal Strategies
    Other Ideas and Approaches to Instructional Design
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Instructional System Design
    Historical Background
    A Human Factors Perspective to the ISD Model
    How Does Age Impact the Human Factors–Influenced ISD Model?
    The ADDIE Model
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Multimedia and e-Learning
    Multimedia
    e-Learning
    Avatars and Virtual Worlds
    Recommendations
    Recommended Reading

    Performance Assessment and Program Evaluation
    Introduction
    Models and Approaches to Training Evaluation
    Assessment of Training Outcomes
    Summary
    Recommended Reading

    Conclusions and Synthesis
    Introduction
    Exemplar Applications
    Themes
    References

    Index

    Biography

    Sara J. Czaja, Joseph Sharit