Echinoderms: Durham Proceedings of the 12th International Echinoderm Conference, 7-11 August 2006, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Paleontology

Echinoderm evolution since 1972 and since the cambrian: Tales from a dozen IECs 
B. David, B. Lefebvre & R. Mooi

Almost within grasp: Crinoid organs rendered 3-dimensionally 
B. Aschauer, T. Heinzeller & P. Weinert

Bdellacoma in the Hunsrück Slate (Lower Devonian): Reidentification of Urasterella verruculosa
(Asteroidea, Bdellacomidae) 
F.H.C. Hotchkiss & A. Glass

Preliminary report on new echinoderm Lagerstätten from the Upper Ordovician of the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco 
A.W. Hunter, B. Lefebvre, E. Nardin, P. Van Roy, S. Zamora & S. Régnault

Paleoenvironment of fossil ophiuroids in Plio-Pleistocene Hijikata Formation in Shizuoka Prefecture, Central Japan 
Y. Ishida, K. Seto, T. Fujita & T. Sakae

New Ordovician mitrates (Echinodermata, Stylophora) from the Ancenis Basin (South Armorican Domain, France): Palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental implications 
B. Lefebvre, S. Régnault, H. Lardeux, J.P. Kundura & P. Roussel

Reappraisal of ambulacral branching patterns in blastozoans 
E. Nardin, B. David, B. Lefebvre & R. Mooi

Evolution and diversification of ophiocistioids (Echinodermata: Echinozoa) 
M. Reich

The early evolution and diversification of holothurians (Echinozoa) 
M. Reich

The ‘Swabian Caput Medusae’ (Jurassic Crinoidea, Germany) 
M. Reich

Cyclocystoids (Echinodermata: Echinozoa) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden 
M. Reich & M. Kutscher

Epibionts on Late Carboniferous through Early Permian echinoid spines from Texas, USA 
C.L. Schneider

Echinoderm remains in the offerings of the great temple of the Aztecs 
F.A. Solís-Marín, A. Laguarda-Figueras, A.M. Melo, E.V.C. Martínez, A.V. Castro, J.A.B. Rivera, E.M. Tísoc, F.V. Gutierrez & N.V. Maldonado
 
Abstracts

A crinoid – starfish assemblage from the upper Silurian of Gotland 
C. Franzen

Phylogeny of Lower Palaeozoic asterozoans using skeletal homologies derived from the Extraxial-Axial Theory 
A.W. Hunter, B. David & R. Mooi

Notes on mid- and late Cretaceous ophiuroids from Shikoku, Southwest Japan 
Y. Ishida, J.W.M. Jagt, I. Mizuno, M. Fukutomi & T. Yasui

Food composition of crinoids in relation to stalk length and fan density: Their paleoecological implications 
K. Kitazawa, T. Oji & M. Sunamura

Biomarkers in colored crinoids of Indiana (Borden Group, Mississippian) 
C.E. O’Malley, W.I. Ausich & Y. Chin

Development and functional morphology of sutural pores in and middle cambrian gogiid eocrinoids from Guizhou Province, China 
R.L. Parsley

Evolution of echinoids in the Triassic and early Jurassic: Just how biased is the fossil record? 
A.B. Smith

A model for elemental homology for the peristome and ambulacra in blastozoan echinoderms 
C.D. Sumrall

New ophiuroids from the Pliensbachian of the French Ardennes: A preliminary report 
B. Thuy

A Mesozoic historyofthe ophiuroids 
L. Villier & J. Millet

Systematics and Morphology

Speciation in sea urchins 
H.A. Lessios

Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) Echinoderms: State of knowledge 
J.J. Alvarado

Tubes, sacs, cones, pyramids, and proboscises: Toward a homology-based understanding and terminology for plated, erect hindgut structures among the Crinoidea 
W.I. Ausich & T.W. Kammer

Relationship between the preservation of spatangoid spines and water temperature 
T. Banno, T. Kamiya & K. Kanazawa

Crown-group asteroid phylogeny: An enduring quandary 
D.B. Blake

Species of the complex Amphipholis squamata (Ophiuroidae) from Marseilles 
E. Boissin, A. Chenuil & J.-P. Féral

On two new records of Family Brisingidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Brazilian continental margin 
L.S. Campos, R.B. Moura, P.F. Alcântara, R.F. Vasconcelos, M.P. Curbelo-Fernandez, I. Veríssimo & G.H. Cavalcanti

ROV imaging of deep-sea echinoderms from the Brazilian continental margin, Southwest Atlantic 
L.S. Campos, R.B. Moura, I. Veríssimo, M.P. Curbelo-Fernandez, G.H. Cavalcanti & A.C.S. Brasil

Morphology of the juxtaligamental system in the ophiuroid Amphipholis kochii 
N.A. Charlina, V.S. Mashanov, I.Yu. Dolmatov & I.C. Wilkie
 
Comparing substitution rates in spatangoid sea urchins with putatively different effective sizes, and other echinoderm datasets 
A. Chenuil, E. Egea, C. Rocher & J.-P. Féral

Development and evolution of the muscle system in the Echinodermata 
I.Yu. Dolmatov

Small-scale morphological differentiation in three brooding sea star species with limited dispersal 
D.W. Foltz & J.M. Flowers

Southwest Atlantic deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Campos Basin, Brazil 
R. Frensel, C.A.M. Barboza, R.B. Moura & L.S. Campos

The digestive system of the ophiuroid Amphipholis kochii: Morphology and regeneration 
L.T. Frolova & I.Yu. Dolmatov

Phylogeography of Pisaster ochraceus Brant, 1835 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) 
S.C. Frontana-Uribe, J. de la Rosa-Vélez, L. Enríquez-Paredes & L.B. Ladah

Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) collected from the Sagami Sea, Central Japan: A preliminary report 
T. Fujita, Y. Ishida & S. Irimura

Organs of the axial hemal complex in crinoids – structure and occurrence 
T. Heinzeller, U. Welsch & N. Améziane

The establishment of a neotype for Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) and a new species within the genus Luidia (Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Luidiidae) 
T.S. Hopkins & K.E. Knott

Morphological dimensional differences between Encope emarginata (Leske) from the Western Caribbean (Colombia and Panama) and Encope emarginata? From two previously studied sites on the Southwest Atlantic Brazilian coast 
B.R. Kuhajda & T.S. Hopkins

Scaling of Aristotle’s lantern in sea urchins Lytechinus and Tripneustes 
J.M. Lawrence, C.M. Pomory, J. Sonnenholzner, Y. Hiratsuka & L. Molina

Fine structure of the Polian vesicle in the holothurians Eupentacta fraudatrix and Cucumaria japonica 
V.S. Mashanov, I.Yu. Dolmatov & E.S. Zvereva

Revision of genera Cassidulus and Rhyncholampas 
A. Martínez-Melo & F.A. Solís-Marín

Structure of the arm-spine articulation ridges as a basis for taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (a preliminary report) 
A.V. Martynov

Colour patterns of Pentaster obtusatus, St. Vincent, 1827 (Oreasteridae, Asteroidea, Echinodermata) 
H. Moosleitner

Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Campos Basin, Southwest Atlantic 
R.B. Moura, L.S. Campos, M.P. Curbelo-Fernandez & G.H. Cavalcanti

On the Holothuroidea from the collection of Echinodermata, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 
R.B. Moura, D.S. Rodrigues, A.L.P.S. Carvalho & L.S. Campos

Creation on-line illustration keys of polar brittlestars with help WebKey-X system 
I.S. Smirnov, A.L. Lobanov, A.G. Kirejtshuk & A.T. Vakhitov

Echinoderm fauna of anchialine caves in Cozumel Island, Mexico 
F.A. Solís-Marín, A. Laguarda-Figueras, F.V. Gutierrez, L. Mejía & G. Yáñez

Bridges between radial wedges (septs) in two diadematid spine types 
S.R. Stock, F. De Carlo, X. Xiao & T.A. Ebert

A model for elemental homology for the peristome and ambulacra in blastozoan echinoderms 
C.D. Sumrall

Sexual dimorphism in genital papillae of Tripneustes ventricosus 
R.L. Turner, M.L. Lyon & D.J. Carroll

On the collection of Asteroidea from the Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 
R.F. Vasconcelos, L.S. Campos, A.L.P.S. Carvalho & R.B. Moura

Morphological variation among seven populations of the sand dollar Encope emarginata (Leske) from the southern to northeastern coast of Brazil 
C.R.R. Ventura, E.S. Martins & P.C. Paiva

Plate construction of the spatangoid test 
T. Yamaguchi & K. Kanazawa

Modeling echinoid skeletal growth: A first principles approach 
L.G. Zachos

Sea urchin (Echinoidea) anatomy revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and 3D visualization 
A. Ziegler, T. Bartolomaeus & S. Mueller

Abstracts

Echinoderms from Puerto Rico Island: Inventory from shallow water species 
M. Benavides-Serrato & M.A. Lozano

The relationship between the shape and distribution of dermal ossicles with habitat selection in some species of Holothuroidea 
A.D. Brites, V.F. Hadel & C.G. Tiago

The two Phyllophorus species described by Ancona Lopez (1962): A review 
A.D. Brites, M.M. Nomura, V.F. Hadel & C.G. Tiago

Comparing DNA sequence evolution in spatangoid sea urchins: How to interpret variation of substitution rates and variation intree shape among families? 
A. Chenuil, C. Rocher, E. Egea, B. David & J.-P. Féral

A surprising species diversity in West Coast Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida) 
D.J. Eernisse & M.F. Strathmann

Combined mitochondrial and nuclear sequences support the monophyly of forcipulatacean sea stars 
D.W. Foltz, M.T. Bolton, S.P. Kelley, B.D. Kelley & A.T. Nguyen

A new phylogeny for the neoasteroidea (post Paleozoic asteroids) based on skeletal morphology; Implications for classification of the group 
A. Gale

Origin of the deep sea asteroid family Pterasteridae: The case of an early Jurassic “missing link” 
A. Gale

Change of dermal ossicles during growth in some sea cucumbers of the genus Holothuria from the Colombian Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean 
E.O. Gomez, G.H.B. Pérez & S. Zea

A study of the morphology, fine structures, and histochemistry of attachment organs of the brachiolaria larvae of Archaster typicus Müller et Troschel (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) 
H. Hatoyama, N. Murabe, Y. Nakajima & M. Komatsu
 
Ultrastructure of the cystidean larva of Antedon bifida (Crinoida) 
S. Hoffmann & T. Bartolomaeus

Phylogeography of Astrotoma agassizii from South American and Antarctic waters using mtDNA 
R.B. Hunter & K.M. Halanych

Two morphological forms of a common shallow-water Indo-West Pacific ophiuroid Ophiarachnella gorgonia: Observations on external and internal ossicles 
S. Irimura & T. Fujita

New molecular and developmental data on Xyloplax clarifies echinoderm phylogeny and the evolution of larval types 
D.A. Janies, J.R. Voight & M. Daly

Sibling sea urchins species in Hawaii: Investigating mechanisms of divergence in the genus Echinothrix 
H. Jessop

Multi-gene phylogeny of aspidochirote holothuroids 
A.M. Kerr, R.M. Clouse, P.M. O’Loughlin, T.D. O’Hara & D.A. Janies

Deep sea echinoderms from the continental slope of British Columbia, Canada 
P. Lambert

Evidence for cospeciations in the host-symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and myzostomids (Myzostomida) 
D. Lanterbecq, G. Rouse & I. Eeckhaut

Evolutionary responses to environmental heterogeneity in Central American echinoid larvae 
J.S. McAlister

Hierarchical construction of motor organs as a mechanism for behavioral flexibility in the starfish Asterina pectinifera 
M. Migita

Delimiting species of crinoids: Comparing new mtDNA phylogenies with current species designations and reevaluating overlapping morphological characters 
C.L. Owen, C.G. Messing, G. Rouse & M. Shivji

Echinoderms of the Gulf of Mexico 
D.L. Pawson & D.J. Vance

Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping of plate constituents in Lytechinus variegatus teeth 
J.S. Robach, S.R. Stock & A. Veis

Phylogeny of extant crinoidea based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences 
G.W. Rouse, L.S. Jermiin & C.G. Messing

Echinoid systematics on the web: An open community project 
A.B. Smith & R. Sang

A new record of Aquilonastra iranica (Mortensen, 1940) (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) from the Boluchistan coast, Pakistan 
Q. Tahera

Status of our knowledge of the South African holothuroid echinoderms 
A.S. Thandar

A global partnership to standardize holothuroid systematics 
The Aspidochirote Working Group

Brazilian echinoderm Red List 
C.R.R. Ventura, C.G. Tiago & V.F. Hadel

Stereom microstructure of the spatangoid test 
T. Yamaguchi & K. Kanazawa

The axial complex in Echinoidea – A comparative histological and ultrastructural analysis 
A. Ziegler & T. Bartolomaeus

Parallel evolution in sea stars? Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of the genus Astropecten 
D. Zulliger

Physiology and Nutrition

Approaches to the study of sea urchin nutrition 
S.A. Watts, J.M. Lawrence & A.L. Lawrence

Neuropeptide-amidating activity in the radial nerve cord of Asterias rubens 
P. Bailly, P. Becker & P. Flammang

Bioluminescence as a functional marker of brachial regeneration in Amphiura filiformis (O.F. Muller, 1776) [Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea] 
S. Delval & J. Mallefet

Proximal to distal gradient of luminescence in the arm of Amphiura filiformis (Echinodermata-Ophiuroidea) 
S. Delval & J. Mallefet

Markers for immunity deficiency in lead-treated holothurians 
L.S. Dolmatova & I.Yu. Dolmatov

The digestive system of the ophiuroid Amphipholis kochii: Morphology and regeneration 
L.T. Frolova & I.Yu. Dolmatov

Effects of dietary phospholipids and cholesterol on growth and organ production in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus 
V.K. Gibbs, M.L. Powell, H.S. Hammer, W.T. Jones, S.A. Watts, A.L. Lawrence & J.M. Lawrence

Effect of dietary menhaden oil and soy oil on consumption, somatic growth and gonad production in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus 
H.S. Hammer, M.L. Powell, V.K. Gibbs, W.T. Jones, S.A. Watts, A.L. Lawrence, J.M. Lawrence & L.R. D’Abramo

Evaluation of the effect of dietary zinc, iron and manganese supplementation on growth and survival of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus 
W.T. Jones, M.L. Powell, V.K. Gibbs, H.S. Hammer, S.A. Watts, A.L. Lawrence & J.M. Lawrence

Effect of dietary calcium, magnesium and phosphorus on growth of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus 
M.L. Powell, W.T. Jones, V.K. Gibbs, H.S. Hammer, S.A. Watts, J.M. Lawrence & A.L. Lawrence

The importance of dietary beta-carotene for somatic growth of juvenile green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) 
S.M.C. Robinson, J.D. Castell, C.M. Walbourne & C.M. Pearce

Effects of seasonal variation in water and air temperature on the righting response of Leptasterias spp. from the west coast of North America 
W.B. Stickle & S.D. Rice

Food sources of the coral reef ophiuroid Ophiocoma scolopendrina 
Y. Tamura & M. Tsuchiya

How do brittle stars control their light emission? 
C. Vanderlinden, Ph. Gailly & J. Mallefet

Abstracts

Detection of waterborne cues from the predatory sea star Luidia clathrata (Say) on conspecifics by the brittle star Ophiolepis elegans (Lutken) [Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea] 
C. Ansell & S. Stancyk
 
UV-absorbing compounds (MAAs) in eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Comparison of populations in Mediterranean habitats dominated by the invasive green alga Caulerpa taxifolia andinnative algal habitats 
I. Bosch, M. Chiantore, R. Cattaneo-Vietti & D. Karentz

Effect of densities of sea cucumber, Holothuria atra, on chlorophyll concentrations in sediments 
S. Chavanich, V. Viyakarn, E. Heery & C. Raksataub

Feeding rate and absorption efficiency of four species of sea urchins (Genus Echinometra) fed a prepared diet 
Y. Hiratsuka & T. Uehara

Development and significance of semi-purified and purified feeds (diets) for sea urchins 
A.L. Lawrence, J.M. Lawrence, S.A. Watts, M.L. Powell, W.T. Jones, H.S. Hammer & V.K. Gibbs

The effect of diet type on growth and fatty-acid composition of sea urchin larvae, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) (Echinodermata) 
H. Liu, M.S. Kelly, E.J. Cook & H. Orr

Effect of dietary-history on feeding rate and food preference in the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis 
D.A. Lyons & R.E. Scheibling

Study of Ophionereis fasciata bioluminescence control 
J. Mallefet, M. Vanhemelen & C. Vanderlinden

Quantification of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of Atlantic sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa 
J. Mamelona, E. Pelletier, K. Girard-Lalancette, J. Legault, S. Karboune & S. Kermasha

Development of the nervous system in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix 
V.S. Mashanov, O.R. Zueva, T. Heinzeller & B. Aschauer

The biochemical composition, energy content, and chemical antifeedant defenses of the common Antarctic Peninsular sea stars Granaster nutrix and Neosmilaster georgianus 
J.B. McClintock, M.O. Amsler, C.D. Amsler & B.J. Baker

Proteins that increase stiffness of the holothurian dermis 
T. Motokawa, M. Tamori & A. Yamada

Diel cycles of activity, metabolism, and nutrient production in tropical sea cucumbers 
J.R. Nestler, R.J. Wheeling & E.A. Verde

Extraction and characterisation of steroidal glycosides from sea star Leptasterias polaris 
E. Pelletier, M-A. Dion, R. St-Louis, J. Legault & A. Pichette

Agents extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, affect mutability in the tissues of other echinoderms as well 
G.K. Szulgit, N.M. Abraham, A.J. Brenneman, J.E. Collins, M.E. Crum, K.M. Davidson, G.M. Dottle, T.J. Guiher, E.R. Khalil, S.A. Latosky, J.M. Moore, K.E Ottey, B.M. Shelton, K.J. Wardell & S.J. Wolfe

Sediment utilization and feeding-niche breadth of Meoma ventricosa grandis Lamarck, 1816 (Echinodermata: Brissidae) at Boca Chica Channel, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico 
M.A. Torres-Martínez & F.A. Solís-Marín

Isolation of an autotomy-promoting factor from a Japanese sea star Asterias amurensis 
K. Ukai, T. Nakazawa & M. Namikoshi

Development

The role of the major yolk protein in sea urchin reproduction and its relevance to aquaculture 
T. Unuma & C.W. Walker

Comparison of the reproductive features of two asteroid species: Henricia abyssicola and Styracaster elongatus from the bathyal and abyssal N.E. Atlantic Ocean 
F. Benítez-Villalobos, J.P. Díaz-Martínez & P.A. Tyler
 
The effect of temperature on early embryonic development in Lytechinus variegatus embryos from adults with different thermal histories 
A.W. Cunningham & S.A. Watts

Studies on function of the MC5 molecule that is a novel membrane-type metalloproteinase of astacin family during morphogenesis of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera 
G. Hamanaka, M. Matsumoto, M. Hoshi & H. Kaneko

Competent larva in the starfish, Asterina pectinifera shifts from larval growth to juvenile formation by using environmental cue(s) 
N. Murabe, H. Kaneko & Y. Nakajima

Sexual reproduction of the small fissiparous seastar Aquilonastra conandae (Asteroidea:
Asterinidae) in La Réunion Island S. Ooka, M. Takeda, M. Komatsu & C. Conand

Genetic contribution of sexual and asexual reproduction to the recruitment of a sexually unbalanced population of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 
C.E.M. Pazoto, C.R.R. Ventura & E.P. Silva

Development of the fissiparous and multiarmed seastar, Coscinasterias acutispina (Stimpson) 
D.Shibata, Y. Moriyama, M. Komatsu & Y. Hirano

Reproductive cycle of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) lubrica Selenka, 1867 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Bahía de La Paz, México 
J.S. López, D.H. Pérezrul, H.R. Bonilla, F.G. Domínguez & J.T. Morales

Sexual dimorphism in genital papillae of Tripneustes ventricosus 
R.L. Turner, M.L. Lyon & D.J. Carroll

Abstracts

Uncommon diversity in development mode and larval form in the ophiuroid genus Macrophiothrix 
J.D. Allen & R.D. Podolsky

Larval serotonergic nervous system in Chiridota gigas (Holothuroidea: Apodida): Juvenile fate and inferences on the evolution and ambulacrarian larvae 
M. Byrne, M.A. Sewell, P. Selvakumaraswamy & T.A.A. Prowse

Reproductive cycle of the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum in two contrasting habitats of the Canary Islands 
S. Clemente, J.C. Hernández & A. Brito

Comparison of the reproductive features of two asteroid species: Henricia abyssicola and Styracaster elongatus from the bathyal and abyssal N.E. Atlantic Ocean 
J.P. Díaz-Martínez, F. Benítez-Villalobos & P.A. Tyler

Muscle development in the echinoid Aristotle’s lantern
I.Yu. Dolmatov, V.S. Mashanov & O.R. Zueva

The brittlestar Amphiura filiformis as a model species to study cellular and molecular basis of development and regeneration 
S. Dupont & M.C. Thorndyke

Stem cells of holothuroid coelomocytes 
M.G. Eliseikina, T.Yu. Magarlamov & I.Yu. Dolmatov

Are all brittle star eggs created equal? 
I. Falkner, M. Byrne & M.A. Sewell

Sexual cycle and brooding in Abatus cavernosus (Echinoidea: Spatangoidea) 
D.G. Gil, J. Tolosano & H.E. Zaixso

Gonadal morphology and oogenic stages of Cucumaria frondosa from the Barents Sea: Comparative aspect 
E.Gudimova

Evidence of aberrant oogenes is in a temperate holothurian 
J-F. Hamel, P. Becker, I. Eeckhaut & A. Mercier

Effects of seasonality and environmental variables on the reproduction, settlement and recruitment of the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum at the Canary Islands 
J.C. Hernández, S. Clemente & A. Brito

Brooding and development of the ophiuroid, Stegophiura vivipara 
U. Iwasaki, T. Ishimaru & T. Fujita

Is there an oxygen-limited lag phase in early growth in sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis? 
A.S. Johnson, O. Ellers, M. Wright, R. Selden & B. Stranges

To split or not to split? Asexual reproduction and population density of aspidochirotid holothuroids at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef 
J. Lee, S. Uthicke & M. Byrne

Use of fluorochromes as markers for tracking larval dispersal in the lecithotrophic sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma 
L. Lyall & C.R. Johnson

Early development of the Atlantic starfish Echinaster (Othilia) guyanensis from Brazil 
A. Magesky & C.R.R. Ventura

Long-term study of gamete release in a broadcast-spawning holothurian: Predictable lunar and diel periodicities 
A. Mercier, R.H.Ycaza & J-F. Hamel

The frequency of the maturational stages and the content of pulcherrimine in ovaries of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus distributed in northeast area of Japan 
Y. Murata, K. Saito, S-K. Kim, R. Kuwahara, J. Marunouchi & T. Takeuchi

Spawning behavior and development of Bohadschia marmorata var. marmorata (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) 
M.F.J. Nievales & M.A.J. Menez

Reproduction and larval development of the hermaphroditic feather star, Antedonidae sp 
M. Obuchi, Y. Fujita, Y. Nakano, T. Uehara & T. Motokawa

Effects of temperature on gamete aging, embryonic and early larval development of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei in the Okinawa Island, Japan 
Md.S. Rahman & T. Uehara

Biochemical changes during the reproductive cycle of the fissiparous starfish Allostichaster capensis in Golfo Nuevo (Northern Patagonia, Argentina) 
T. Rubilar, M.E. Diaz de Vivar & C.T. Pastor de Ward

Regeneration rate after fission in the fissiparous starfish Allostichaster capensis in Golfo Nuevo (Northern Patagonia, Argentina) 
T. Rubilar & C.T. Pastor de Ward

Understanding the developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of larval forms: Experimental evidence from echinoderms 
M. Snoke & R. Raff

Developmental observations of larvae and gene analysis of juveniles cross-fertilized between two congeneric sea-stars with different modes of development 
K. Wakabayashi, T. Takegami, M. Murakami, I. Hori & M. Komatsu

Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular markers of oocyte and primordial germ cell development in the sea urchin 
G.M. Wessel, C.E. Juliano, J.L. Wong, E.A. Gustafson & J.L. Song

Site-directed mutagenesis study of starfish phospholipase A2 
T. Abe, H. Kishimura & H. Saeki

Polar-group specificity of G54K mutant of the starfish phospholipase A2 
H. Kishimura, R. Sawada & H. Saeki
 
Application of proteomics to the study of gonad development in sea urchins
M.A. Sewell & S.D.H. Bishop 

Isolation of an autotomy-promoting factor from a Japanese sea star Asterias amurensis 
K. Ukai, T. Nakazawa & M. Namikoshi

Abstracts

Surprises from the purple sea urchin genome 
R.A. Cameron & E.H. Davidson

Genetic connectivity of ophiuroids on North Atlantic seamounts 
W. Cho & T.M. Shank

The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of the Fraction 1 hemoglobin of the brittle star Hemipholis elongata Say 
A.B. Christensen & E.F. Christensen

Ophiocomid relationships revealed by molecules 
P. Cisternas & T.D. O’Hara

Sea star intron sequences evolve at approximately 1/3 the rate of non-coding mitochondrial sequences 
D.W. Foltz, A.T. Nguyen & J.R. Kiger

The nervous system component within the connective tissue of holothurians 
J.E. García-Arrarás, C. Díaz-Balzac, G. Santacana-Laffitte, J.S. Miguel-Ruíz, G. Valentín-Tirado, M. Rives-Sánchez, A. Mesleh & I.I. Torres

Are molecular markers a way to manage the Crown-of-Thorns-Starfish (Acanthaster planci) in Mayotte (West Indian Ocean)? 
K. Gerard, B.A.. Thomassin, A. Chenuil & J-P. Feral

To search the origin on neural tube: Gene expression analysis of ciliary band in sea urchin embryo 
S. Kinjo, K. Ikeo & T. Gojobori

Evolution and development of a larval organ 
A.L. McElhinney & R.A. Raff

Binding of zinc to the major yolk protein in the sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus 
T. Unuma, K. Ikeda, K. Yamano, A. Moriyama & H. Ohta

Fisheries and Aquaculture

The history of the Chilean urchin fishery: Chronicle of an announced death? 
W.B. Stotz

Protozoan disease in larval culture of the edible sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus 
P. Becker, I. Eeckhaut, R.H. Ycaza, A. Mercier & J.-F. Hamel

The sea cucumber resources and fisheries management in the Western Indian Ocean: Current status and preliminary results from a WIOMSA regional research project 
C. Conand & N. Muthiga

Abstracts

Microbiological study of the body wall lesions of the edible echinoid Tripneustes gratilla 
P. Becker, D. Gillian & I. Eeckhaut

Production of triploids for green sea urchin aquaculture
S.A. Böttger, C.C. Eno & C.W. Walker 

The effects of juvenile diet on gonadal growth (or roe production) of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
M.G. Devin, S.A. Böttger, H.D. Stence, C.W. Walker & R.J. Peacock

The effects of diet on growth of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from the early- to late-juvenile stages 
M.G. Devin, H.D. Stence & R.J. Peacock

Temperature determines size and time-to-size in urchins: Calibration of size-temperature effectsinmarine ectotherms 
O. Ellers & A.S. Johnson

Survey in quest for post-harvest handling and losses in sea cucumber after TZ/SWIOP 1985 National W/SHOP on beche-de-mer processing in Tanzania 
T.K. Mbaga & Y.D. Mgaya

Perspectives and present situation of sea cucumber fisheries in the Colombian Caribbean Sea 
G.H.B. Pérez, M.S. Acevedo & E.O. Gómez

Introduction of the European sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) in a land based integrated system 
M. Shpigel, S. Marciano, E. Golombek, D. Ben-Ezra, A. Ben-Amotz, I. Lupatsch & M. Kelly

Ecology and Environmental Studies

Bioactive compounds from echinoderms: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives 
M. Slattery

Pollution induced mass-deformities in Tripneustes: Biomechanical aspects 
J. Dafni

Dynamics of Holothuria atra at Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, based on tetracycline tagging 
T.A. Ebert

Community structure of conspicuous echinoderms of three islands from the Gulf of  California, México 
M.D. Herrero Pérezrul, S. Rojero León & H. Reyes Bonilla

Dense beds of Ophiura sarsii limited by food supply in the Sea of Japan 
Y. Kogure

Population dynamics disparities of the common brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis between three localities of the English Channel 
D. Muths, D. Jollivet & D. Davoult

Long-term population changes in sea stars at three contrasting sites 
J.S. Pearse, J.B. McClintock, K.E. Vicknair & H.M. Feder

Symbiotic relation between Antarctic ophiuroids of genus Ophiacantha 
I.S. Smirnov

Sediment utilization and feeding-niche breadth of Meoma ventricosa grandis Lamarck,
1816 (Echinodermata: Brissidae) at Boca Chica channel, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico 
M.A. Torres-Martínez & F.A. Solís-Marín

Abstracts

The seastar Patiriella in the Southern New Zealand fiords: Reaction and tolerance to extreme hyposaline conditions 
M.F. Barker & M.P. Russell

Monitoring sea urchin densities in some Caribbean and Pacific coral reefs of Colombia 
S. Bejarano, G. Duque-Nivia, A. Rodríquez-Ramírez & J. Garzón-Ferreira

Effect of field metal contaminations on sperm motility and RNA:DNA ratio in Asterias rubens 
A.I. Catarino, H.N. Cabral, K. Peeters, P. Pernet, U. Punjabi & P. Dubois

Biogeography of the Southern Ocean echinoids: Which are the potential South American invaders to Antarctic? 
C. De Ridder, B. David, T. Choné & T. Saucède

A “lily garden” on the coral reef: Gregarious settlement of comatulid larvae in the Ryukyu Islands 
Y. Fujita, M. Obuchi &Y. Nakano

Diversity and ecology of shallow-water comatulids and their symbiotic decapod crustaceans in the Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan 
Y. Fujita

Towards more comprehensive models of subtidal community organization in the Northwest Atlantic: Integrating interactions between the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and the brown alga Desmarestia viridis 
P. Gagnon & R.E. Scheibling

Effects of industrial discharge and pharmaceuticals on sea urchin development 
D.J. Gochfeld, J. Weston & M. Slattery

The transfer of PCBs into holothurians via plastic particles 
E.R. Graham

Behavioral characteristics of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, under the light and dark conditions 
Y. Ito & I. Hayashi

Settlement and recruitment of juvenile echinoderms in the rocky subtidal zone of Bocabec Cove, Bay of Fundy, Canada 
L.B. Jennings & H.L. Hunt

DNA repair in echinoid embryos across latitudinal and experimental temperature gradients 
M.D. Lamare, M.F. Barker & M.P. Lesser

Seasonal variation in movement, aggregation and destructive grazing of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in relation to wave action 
J-S. Lauzon-Guay & R.E. Scheibling

Overfishing reduces resilience of rocky reef ecosystem against grazing by the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii 
S.D. Ling, C.R. Johnson & S. Frusher

Bioluminescence diversity in echinoderms 
M. Jérôme & T. O’Hara

Deep-sea Ophiuroidea associated with seamount communities of the Western North Atlantic 
C.V. Mosher, L. Watling & K.J. Eckelbarger

Seamounts: Centres of endemism or oases of productivity?
T.D. O’Hara 

Coping with climate change: How temperature affects sea stars on the Maine coast 
M. Pratt

Echinoderm skeletons record sea temperatures 
H. Ranner, O. Ladriére, J. Navez, L. André, D. Gillikin, E. Keppens & Ph. Dubois

The seastar Patiriella in the Southern New Zealand fiords: Distribution in relation to the low salinity layer 

M.P. Russell, M.F. Barker & M.D. Lamare

Feeding aggregations of sea stars associated with sea urchin grazing fronts in Nova Scotia 
R.E. Scheibling, & J-S. Lauzon-Guay

Ophiuroid fauna of Iceland – some results from the Bioice Program 
S. Stöhr

When keystones meet: Sea stars and sea otters in Central California 
K.E. Vicknair, J.B. McClintock, J.S. Pearse & H.M. Feder

Aspects of the ecology of Lytechinus variegatus in Beaufort NC, the northern extreme of its range 
M.L. Wise & D. Rittschof

Biography

Larry G. Harris, S. Anne Boetger, Charles W. Walker, Michael P. Lesser