Electric Drives provides a practical understanding of the subtleties involved in the operation of modern electric drives. The Third Edition of this bestselling textbook has been fully updated and greatly expanded to incorporate the latest technologies used to save energy and increase productivity, stability, and reliability.
Every phrase, equation, number, and reference in the text has been revisited, with the necessary changes made throughout. In addition, new references to key research and development activities have been included to accurately reflect the current state of the art.
Nearly 120 new pages covering recent advances, such as those made in the sensorless control of A.C. motor drives, have been added; as have two new chapters on advanced scalar control and multiphase electric machine drives. All solved numerical examples have been retained, and the 10 MATLAB®–Simulink® programs remain online.
Thus, Electric Drives, Third Edition offers an up-to-date synthesis of the basic and advanced control of electric drives, with ample material for a two-semester course at the university level.
Energy Conversion in Electric Drives
Electric Drive: Definition
Application Range of Electric Drives
Energy Savings Pay Off Rapidly
Global Energy Savings through PEC Drives
Motor/Mechanical Load Match
Motion/Time Profile Match
Load Dynamics and Stability
Multiquadrant Operation
Performance Indexes
Electric Drive Applications
Summary
Problems
References
Electric Motors for Drives
Electric Drives: A Typical Configuration
Electric Motors for Drives
D.C. Brush Motors
Conventional A.C. Motors
PEC-Dependent Motors
Energy Conversion in Electric Motors/Generators
Summary
References
Power Electronic Converters for Drives
Power Electronic Switches
Line Frequency Diode Rectifier for Constant D.C. Output Voltage Vd
Line Current Harmonics with Diode Rectifiers
Current Commutation with Id = ct and LS ¿ 0
Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers
Phase-Controlled Rectifiers (A.C.–D.C. Converters)
D.C.–D.C. Converters (Choppers)
D.C.–A.C. Converters (Inverters)
Direct A.C.–A.C. Converters
Summary
Problems
References
D.C. Brush Motors for Drives
Basic Topologies
Motion-Induced Voltage (e.m.f.)
Performance Equations: d-q Model
Steady-State Motor Characteristics
D.C. Brush Motor Losses
Varying the Speed
Transient Operation for Constant Flux
PM D.C. Brush Motor Transients
Transient Operation for Variable Flux
Speed/Excitation Voltage Transfer Function
D.C. Brush Series Motor
A.C. Brush Series Motor
Summary
Problems
References
Controlled Rectifier D.C. Brush Motor Drives
Introduction
Performance Indices
Single-Phase PES-Controlled Rectifier
Single-Phase Semiconverter
Single-Phase Full Converter
Three-Phase Semiconverter
Three-Phase Full Converter: Motor Side
Three-Phase Full Converter: Source-Side Aspects
Dual Converter: Four-Quadrant Operation
A.C. Brush Series (Universal) Motor Control
Summary
Problems
References
Chopper-Controlled D.C. Brush Motor Drives
Introduction
First-Quadrant (Step-Down) Chopper
Second-Quadrant (Step-Up) Chopper for Generator Braking
Two-Quadrant Chopper
Four-Quadrant Chopper
Input Filter
Basic PM D.C. Motor Closed-Loop Drive/MATLAB®–Simulink® (Available Online)
Summary
Problems
Reference
Closed-Loop Motion Control in Electric Drives
Introduction
Cascaded Motion Control
State-Space Motion Control
Torque Perturbation Observers
Path Tracking
Force Control
Sliding-Mode Motion Control
Motion Control by Fuzzy Systems
Motion Control through NNs
Neuro-Fuzzy Networks
Summary
Problems
References
Induction Motors for Drives
Stator and Its Traveling Field
Cage and Wound Rotors Are Equivalent
Slot Shaping Depends on Application and Power Level
Inductance Matrix
Reducing the Rotor to Stator
Phase Coordinate Model Goes to Eighth Order
Space-Phasor Model
Space-Phasor Diagram for Electrical Transients
Electrical Transients with Flux Linkages as Variables
Complex Eigenvalues for Electrical Transients
Electrical Transients for Constant Rotor Flux
Steady State: It Is D.C. in Synchronous Coordinates
No-Load Ideal Speed May Go under or over Conventional Value ¿1
Motoring, Generating, A.C. Braking
D.C. Braking: Zero Braking Torque at Zero Speed
Speed Control Methods
V1/f1 Torque Speed Curves
Only for Constant Rotor Flux Torque Speed Curves Are Linear
Constant Stator Flux Torque Speed Curves Have Two Breakdown Points
Split-Phase Induction Motor
Split-Phase Capacitor IM Transients
Summary
Problems
References
PWM Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drives
Introduction
VC: General Flux Orientation
General Current Decoupling
Parameter Detuning Effects in Rotor Flux Orientation Current Decoupling
Direct versus Indirect Vector Current Decoupling
A.C. versus D.C. Current Controllers
Voltage Decoupling
Voltage and Current Limitations for the Torque and Speed Control Range
Impressing Voltage and Current Waveforms through PWM
Indirect Vector A.C. Current Control: A Case Study in MATLAB–Simulink (Available Online)
Indirect Vector Synchronous Current Control with Speed Sensor: A Case Study in MATLAB–Simulink (Available Online)
Flux Observers for Direct Vector Control with Motion Sensors
Flux and Speed Observers in Motion Sensorless Drives
Direct Torque and Flux Control
DTFC Sensorless: A Case Study in MATLAB–Simulink (Available Online)
Feedback Linearized Control
Predictive Control
Scalar (V1/f1) Control
Self-Commissioning
Summary
Problems
References
Synchronous Motors for Drives
Introduction
Construction Aspects
Pulsating Torque
Phase Coordinate Model
Space-Phasor (d-q) Model
Steady-State Operation
To Vary Speed, Variable Frequency Is Mandatory
Cogging Torque and Tooth-Wound PMSMs
Single-Phase PMSM
Steady-State Performance of Single-Phase PMSM
Single-Phase PMSM FEM Modeling for Transients
Summary
Problems
References
PM and Reluctance Synchronous Motor Drives
Introduction
PMSM Drives: Classifications
Rectangular Current Control (Brushless D.C. Motor Drives)
Vector (Sinusoidal) Control
DTFC of PMSMs
Sensorless Control of PMSMs
RSM Drives
High-Frequency (Speed) PMSM Drives
Single-Phase PMSM Control
Summary
Problems
References
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Introduction
Construction and Functional Aspects
Average Torque and Energy Conversion Ratio
Peak kW/kVA Ratio
Commutation Windings
SRM Modeling
Flux–Current–Position Curve Fitting
SRM Drives
General-Purpose Drive with Position Sensor
High-Grade (Servo) Drives
Sensorless SRM Drives
Voltage–Current Model-Based Position Speed Observer
Single-Phase SRM Control
Recent Reluctance Motor Drives
Summary
Problems
References
Practical Issues with PWM Converter Motor Drives
Introduction
Basic PWM Converter Drive
Line Current Harmonics
Long Motor Power Cables: Voltage Reflection and Attenuation
Motor Model for Ultrahigh Frequency
Common Mode Voltage: Motor Model and Consequences
Common Mode (Leakage) Stator Current Reduction
Circulating Bearing Currents
Reducing the Bearing Currents
Electromagnetic Interference
Audible Noise
Losses in PWM Converter Drives
Summary
Problems
References
Large-Power Drives
Power and Speed Limits: Moving Up
Voltage-Source Converter SM Drives
High-Power SCRs
Vector Control in Voltage Source Converter D.C.-Excited SM Drives
DTFC of D.C.-Excited SM Drives
Sensorless Control of a D.C.-Excited SM via "Active Flux:" A Case Study
Large Motor Drives: Working Less Time per Day Is Better
Rectifier CSI-SM Drives: The Basic Scheme
Rectifier CSI-SM Drive: Steady State with Load Commutation
Sub- and Hyper-Synchronous IM Cascade Drives
Summary
Problems
References
Control of Electric Generators
Introduction
Control of SGs in Power Systems
Control of WRIGs with Limited Speed Range
Autonomous D.C.-Excited SG Control at Variable Speed
Cage-Rotor Induction Generator Control
PM Synchronous Generator Control for Variable Speed
Switched Reluctance Generator Control
Summary
References
Scalar V/f and I–f Control of A.C. Motor Drives: An Overview
Introduction
Induction Machines V/f and I–f Open and Closed-Loop Control
V/f Advanced Control of PMSMs
One-Phase PMSM I–f Starting and e.m.f.-Based Sensorless Control
Summary
References
Multiphase Electric Machine Drives: An Overview
Introduction
Multiphase IM Modeling and Parameter Estimation
Multiphase IM Drives Control Strategies
Multiphase PMSM Drives Control under Open-Phase Faults
BLDC Multiphase Reluctance Machines: Topology, Modeling, and Control: A Case Study
Summary
References
Biography
Ion Boldea is professor emeritus of electrical engineering at the University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania. A life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Professor Boldea has worked, published, lectured, and consulted extensively on rotary and linear electric machines, drives, and maglevs for more than 40 years. He has received many accolades, including the IEEE Nikola Tesla Award (2015).
Syed A. Nasar (deceased) was James R. Boyd professor emeritus of electrical engineering at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA. A life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Professor Nasar received the IEEE Nikola Tesla Award (2000), among other accolades. His research efforts were focused on electric motors.
"All subjects are explained using a level of detail that suits both the experienced and the undergraduate reader. … The selection of topics is suitable for an updated book aligned to the state of the art on the subject. Quite a few new chapters have been added to the text of the previous editions and most of the original sections have been improved to include the newest techniques. … Chapter 11, in particular, has been improved, and many aspects which required further in-depth analysis have been now clarified. The book is also well provided with examples and simulations. … The new edition of this successful book covers all significant subjects relevant to electrical drives. Past editions of this book constituted my favorite references for my everyday practice in the field. This updated edition promises to remain my companion for the years to come."
—Fabrizio Marignetti, University of Cassino and Southern Latium, Italy"… quite comprehensive. … has many examples to be used in teaching. … up to date with the latest machines used for speed control. … very well done. … covers both motor and generator operation, which is a stronghold. It also has MATLAB® simulation files, so students can try to simulate quite easily. … good for a course on electrical machines and their control."
—Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark"I strongly recommend this well-balanced modern textbook as a basic text for a wide audience of engineering educators, students, and engineers in industry. I have no doubt that Electric Drives is the best textbook from the area of electric drives technology on the market, and it will certainly be at least as successful as the first and second editions."
—IEEE Industrial Electronics, December 2016"This book provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of electric drives. It provides details on power electronic converters for drives and the application of these converters to various motor types including DC brush motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, large power drives, electric generator control, and the many practical issues with pulse width modulated (PWM) drives.
The many examples given, help illustrate methods and show how drives can be applied. The comprehensive background, along with MATLAB simulation files provided to help the reader quickly simulate drive models, and the latest information on machines for speed control, make this book an excellent resource for undergraduate or graduate course material on electrical machines and control. It can also serve as a reference for professionals working with electric drives who want to learn about the latest developments in electric drives or just need a comprehensive reference available."
-IEEE Electrical Insulation magazine, September/October, Vol. 36
