From 1830, if not before, the Empire began to permeate the domestic culture of Empire nations in many ways. From consumables, to the excitement of colonial wars, celebrations relating to events in the history of Empire, and the construction of Empire Day in the early Edwardian period, most citizens were encouraged to think of themselves not only as citizens of a nation but of an Empire. Much of the popular culture of the period presented Empire as a force for ‘civilisation’ but it was often far from the truth and rather, Empire was a repressive mechanism designed ultimately to benefit white settlers and the metropolitan economy. This four volume collection on Empire and Popular Culture contains a wide array of primary sources, complimented by editorial narratives which help the reader to understand the significance of the documents contained therein. It is informed by the recent advocacy of a ‘four-nation’ approach to Empire containing documents which view Empire from the perspective of England, Scotland Ireland and Wales and will also contain material produced for Empire audiences, as well as indigenous perspectives. The sources reveal both the celebratory and the notorious sides of Empire.
Volume 1: making of the imperial citizen 1880–1940, 1 St. Cyprian’s, Eastbourne: ‘St. Cyprian’s Preparatory School, Eastbourne’, in War Office Times and Naval Review, 1st May 1910, 2 The training of an English gentleman in the public schools: Rev. J.E.C. Welldon, ‘The Training of the English Gentleman in the Public Schools’, in The Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. 60, No. 355 (1906), 3 Rev. J.E.C. Welldon, ‘The Imperial Aspects of Education’, in Proceedings of the Royal Colonial Institute, Vol. 26 (1894–95), 4 The national life: Rev. J.E.C. Welldon, ‘The National Life’, in Fire Upon the Altar: Sermons Preached to Harrow Boys, Second Series, 1887–1890 (London: Percival and Co., 1891), 5 Eton and the Empire: G. Drage, Eton and the Empire: An Address (Eton: Ingleton Drake, 1890).6 ‘The Corps’, in The Harrovian, 2nd June 1900, pp. 46–47. Reproduced with kind permission of Harrow School Archives. 7 ‘In Memoriam: William Joseph Myers 1858–1899’, in Eton College Chronicle, 20th December 1899, 8 Military training: Rev. J. P. Way, ‘Military Training’, in The Public Schools From Within: A Collection of Essays on Public School Education, Written Chiefly by School Masters (London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Company, 1906), 9 ‘With the Scottish Yeomanry in May’, in The Lorettonian, 27th October 1900, p. 1. Reproduced with kind permission of Loretto School Archive. 10 H. B. Gray, ‘To the Parents of England’s Sons’, in The Public Schools and the Empire (London: William & Norgate, 1913), 11 ‘Public School Boys Empire Tour’, in The Times Educational Supplement, 18th August 1931, 12 A visit to the Boer camp – Diyatalawa, Ceylon: ‘A Visit to a Boer Camp’.13 The duties and privileges of imperial citizenship: ‘The Duties and Privileges of Imperial Citizenship’.14 J. Grant, ‘The last day of Khartoum’, in Cassell’s History of the War in the Soudan Vol. II (London: Cassell, 1885– 1886), 15 Richard Danes, Cassell’s Illustrated History the Boer War (London: Cassell, 1902), 16 S. R. Gardiner, A Student’s History of England From the Earliest Times to 1885 (London: Longmans and Co., 1892), 17 E. Salmon, The Story of the Empire (London: George Newnes, 1902), 18 Victoria and her colonies: J.M.D. Meiklejohn and M.J.C. Meiklejohn, A School History of England (London: Alfred Holden, 1902), 19 C.R.L. Fletcher and R. Kipling, A School History of England (Oxford: Clarendon, 1911), 20 Twenty-second story. – the growth of the Empire: Lesson 43. – In the East: The Patriotic Historical Reader Book V: Thirty Stories and Biographies from 1688–1897 (London: William Collins, 1898), 21 Instructive Stories from English History, Holborn Series Historical Reader (London: Educational Supply Association, 1900), 22 The Young Briton’s History Reader (Glasgow: Collins, 1904), 23 ‘The first English colonies, or the work of Raleigh and his friends’, in Macmillan’s New History Readers: Senior (London: Macmillan and Co., 1902) 24 Chambers New Geographical Readers, Book VI, British Colonies and Dependencies (London: W. & R. Chambers, 1898), 25 R. Finch, FRGS, The Kingsway Book of Geography Stories (London: Evans Brothers Ltd, 1919), 26 E.C.T. Horniblow, Lands and Life: Human Geographies, People and Children of Wonderful Lands (London: Grant Educational Co., 1930–35). Extract taken from the 1944 edition. 27 Collins’ Wide World Geography Reader: The British Empire (London: William Collins, 1901–23), 28 B. G. Hardingham, Round the Globe: The Foundations of Geography 1 (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons 29 School drill: ‘School Drill’, in The Globe, 15th July 1889, 30 ‘Lads’ Drill Association’, in Volunteer Service Gazette, 19th June 1903, 31 ‘The Duty and Discipline Movement’, in The Times, 5th November 1913, 32 ‘Celebration of Empire Day in Schools’, in The Scotsman, 28th June 1938, 33 ‘Empire Day in Cheltenham’, in The Cheltenham Ladies’ College Magazine (Autumn 1907), Reproduced with kind permission of Cheltenham Ladies’ College Archive. 34 Empire Day pageant at Perth: ‘Empire Day Pageant’ in Dundee Evening Telegraph and Post, 24th May 1921, 35 ‘Children’s Empire Day Broadcast’ in The Daily Independent, 25th May 1936, 36 ‘The King’s Empire Day Broadcast’, in The Evening News, 25th May 1940, 37 The empire and the League of Nations: their real meaning and ideals: C. Norwood.38 The Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration (London: HMSO, 1905),39 Morris dances: Mr Cecil Sharp’s lecture at Queen’s Hall. 40 The masque of the children of the Empire: G. T. Kimmins.41 ‘The Union Jack’, in The Teacher’s Treasury (London: Home Library Book Co., Vol. 2, 1926), 42 The British Empire League: meeting in Leamington.43 ‘The League of Empire’, The Gazette, 2nd December 1905, 44 Lord Balfour and the Victoria League: closer union of British subjects. 45 The teaching of geography from an imperial point of view, and the use which could and should be made of visual instruction.46 Board of Education, Handbook of Suggestions (London: HMSO, 1937), 47 H. Martens and E. H. Carter, Histories. Book IV. The Modern Age (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 11th Edition, 1952). First published 1931. 48 A wonderful escape: ‘A Wonderful Escape’. 49 Bound in Benin: A story of the massacre.50 Froth: Rev. E. C. Dawson, ‘Froth’. 51 Through Peril to Fortune: The Strange Adventures of Two Young Britons in the Heart of Africa. 52 ‘David Livingstone: Missionary and Explorer’, in Young England, Vol. 34 53 The Four Adventurers: No. 1. – the initiation: ‘The Four Adventurers’, in Chums, Annual for 1927–1928, 54 ‘Hindu Women’, in The Girl’s Own Paper (1881), 55 On the purchase of outfits for India and the colonies: ‘On the Purchase of Outfits for India and the Colonies’, in The Girl’s Own Paper (1889), 56 A girl in the bush: A. R. Buckland, ‘A Girl in the Bush’, in Empire Annual for Girls (London: RTS, 1910), 57 The Boys’ Brigade Gazette. 58 Patriotism; or, our duties as citizens: Camp fire yarn. – no. 26. Our empire: how it grew – how it must be held: Robert Baden-Powell, Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship (London: Pearson, 7th Edition, 1915, reprinted 2004), 59 How India develops character: R. Baden-Powell, Indian Memories: Recollections of Soldiering, Sport, Etc. (London: Herbert Jenkins), 60 Camp fire yarn. No. 33: Our Empire: Agnes Baden-Powell, How Girls Can Help to Build Up the Empire: The Handbook for Girl Guides (London: Thomas Nelson, 1912). VOLUME II Empire in the public sphere: exhibition, spectacle and entertainment. Introduction: presenting the Empire 27 1 Panorama of the Late War, The Berkshire Chronicle 30th December 1882, p. 5 59 2 ‘Diorama of the Ganges’, Portland Gallery, 316 Regent Street, Langham Place, etc. Morning Advertiser 9th December 1850 p. 3 61 3 ‘Penny Peep Show’, The Hereford Journal, 18th May 1867, p. 7 63 4 ‘The Sale of Zulu Photographs’, North British Daily Mail, 30th October 1876, p. 5 65 5 ‘Towner Gallery Exhibition’, in Eastbourne Chronicle, 11th April 1936, p. 13 70 6 Post Cards of Empire: 1st King’s Dragoon Guards, Union Castle Line to South and East Africa, The South African Cricket Team 1935 Tour of England, 7 ‘In Carnegie’s Country’, in The North Star and Farmers’ Chronicle 16th April 1903, p. 6 75 8 ‘The Primrose League’, Morning Post, 26th December 1895, p. 2 78 9 T. J. Alldridge, ‘Exhibition of Lantern Slides’, in Journal the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 29. No. 1–2 (1899), pp. 64–65 80 10 ‘India by Magic Lantern’, Pall Mall Gazette, 17th June 1886, p. 5 86 11 The Lyttleton Times, 9th June 1900, p. 5 88 12 The Era, 22nd September 1900, p. 19 90 13 East London Observer, 2nd June 1900, p. 5 92 14 ‘The Productions of the Aborigines in the Exhibition’, Illustrated London News, 24th May 1851, pp. 457–458 93 15 The Graphic, 15th May 1886, pp. 533–537 100 16 Imre Kiralfy’s Empire of India Exhibition, 1895 Offi cial Programme 116 17 ‘Savage South Africa at the Greater British Exhibition’, in Dundee Advertiser, 15th May 1899, p. 4 125 18 ‘Savage South Africa in Sheffield’, The Yorkshire Telegraph and Star, 16th April 1900, p. 3 127 19 The Imperial-International Exhibition, White City, 1909 130 20 Coronation Exhibition 1911, Framlingham Weekly News, 19th August 1911, 22 ‘Pears Pageant of Beauty’, in Illustrated London News, 7th June 1924 153 23 A Souvenir of the Empire Exhibition Glasgow, 1938, pp. 1–30 154 24 ‘Curious Case – The Globe in Leicester Square and the Australian Nuggets’, Hereford Journal , 3rd May 1854, p. 1 165 25 ‘New Features at Madam Tussaud’s Exhibition’, in St James’s Gazette , 22nd December 1899 , p. 11 169 26 ‘Madame Tussaud’s’, in The Stage , 4th August 1898, p. 3 171 27 ‘Studies in Wax: Some Masterpieces at Madam Tussauds’, in The Sketch , 3rd January 1894, pp. 535–536 172 28 ‘Exhibition of Zulu Kaffi rs’, in The Morning Advertiser, 17th May 1853 176 29 ‘Farini’s Friendly Zulus’, in The Penny Illustrated Paper, 14th February 1880, p. 98 178 30 Advertisement for ‘Manders’ Grand National Star Menagerie’, in Maidstone and Kentish Journal, 12th September 1870, p. 5 179 31 The Cheshire Observer, 20th May 1899, p. 5 184 32 ‘Lions in the Way’, The Era , 23rd August 1890, p. 13 185 33 ‘"Krao" on View’, in The Freeman’s Journal, 18th September 1883, p. 5 188 34 ‘The Prince of Wales’s Presents’, Illustrated London News, 1st July 1876, 35 Official Guide to the Brighton Public Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery 1908 36 Annual Report of the Committee of the Free Public Library. Museum, and Walker Art Gallery 1888, published with kind permission of the Liverpool City Library, 37 Lord Curzon and Bethnal Green Museum East London Observer, 1st September 1906, p. 5 , Remarkable Asiatic Collection 38 ‘Mr Gordon Cumming’s South African Museum’, Edinburgh Evening Courant, 4th November 1852, 39 ‘Among The Trophies of a Mighty Hunter’, in Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic Review, 12th December 1896, 40 Official Guide to Belle Vue Gardens Manchester 1900, Republished with kind permission of the ‘Chetham Library Manchester’ 41 Jessie Brown, or the Relief of Lucknow Written by Dion Boucicault, 1858 42 Review of ‘Human Nature’, in Theatre, June–December 1884 43 ‘Cuttings About Cannibal Carnival’, Theatre and Performance Archive 44 ‘Music-Hall Patriotism’, in Pall Mall Gazette, 10th December 1899, 45 ‘Holloway Empire’, in Islington Gazette, 4th December 1899, 46 ‘Soldiers of the Queen’, in The Era, 16th December 1899, 47 The War in Zululand, A.E. Cooke, British Library Lord Chamberlain’s Play and Day Books 48 Programmes for ‘Moore and Burgess Minstrels, 33rd Year’ June 1898. VOLUME III Identity, Commemoration and Commodity PART 1 Masculinity and Empire PART 2 Militarism and Empire PART 3 Heroes of Empire PART 4 Femininity and Empire PART 5 Sport and Empire PART 6 Nationalism and Empire PART 7 The Church and Empire, PART 8 Commodities and Empire.
Volume IV: 1. 'An East Indian Director on the Indian Mutiny', Reynold's Newspaper, 25th October 1857, 2. Roger Pocock, 'Great Adventurers', in Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper, 4th January 1903, 3. 'The Outlook, Fortiter in re' in Daily Mail, 27 March 1897, 4. J. H. Harley, 'The New Empire Crusade' in Fortnightly Review, December 1929, 5. Daily Telegraph, 'Empire Day Supplement A Panorama of the British Empire', 24th May 1937, 6. John Buchan's 'The King's Grace', in Daily Mirror, 29th April 1935,7. 'Scene of the Late Conflict in New Zealand', in Illustrated London News, 26th July 1845, 8. 'Zulu War', The Graphic, 12th February 1879, 9. 'Chinese Gordon on the Soudan', in Pall Mall Gazette, 9th January 1884, 10. 'The Queen's Golden Jubilee', Y Celt, 17th June 1887, 11. 'The Boer as He Is', in Glasgow Herald, 13th April 1900, 12. 'Volunteers Return', in Midland Daily Telegraph, 6th June 1902, 13. 'The British Conquest and Retention of India', The Family Herald: A Domestic Magazine of Useful Information and Amusement, 2nd August 1873, 14. 'A Terrestrial Paradise', in Tit Bits: From All the Most Interesting Books, Periodicals and Contributors in the World, 12th November 1881, 15. 'Down the Perak River', in The Wide World Magazine, Vol. 1: 1 (1898), 16. Shurey's Illustrated 14th October 1899, 17. Shurey's Pictorial Budget 19th February 1900. 18. S. Low, 'The British Empire After the War', The War Illustrated: A Picture Record of Events by Sea and Air, 17th January 1917, 19. Sidney Blanchard, 'Famine in India', in All The Year Round, February 1862, 20. A. G. Gardiner, 'God Speed to the New India', in John Bull, 7th January 1933, 21. 'Will the British Empire Ruin Great Britain?' in Pearsons's Weekly, 12th May 1900, 22. 'A Divided Duty', in Punch, 19th January 1895, 23. 'Uncrowned Queens' in Home Notes, 29th December 1891, 24. Ruby M. Ayres, 'Feather', in Woman's Weekly, 16th March 1935, 25. Lloyd Roberts, 'Grey Mother', in Harmsworth's Red Magazine, 3rd February 1922,26. R. M. Ballantyne, Hudson Bay: Everyday Life in the Wilds of North America, (Originally published by Blackwood Edinburgh, fourth edition published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Edinburgh, 1910), 27. 'Major Magruder's Committee', in Anthony Trollope's He Knew He Was Right Vol II, Chapter 68, 1869, (London: Strahan and Co), 28. Review of Wilkie Collins's 'The Moonstone', in Pall Mall Gazette, 17th July 1868, 29. G. A. Henty, 'The Massacre at Poverty Bay', in Maori and Settler: A Story of the New Zealand War (Glasgow: John Blackie, 1890), 30. Douglas Sladen, 'Review of Arthur Conan Doyle's The Tragedy of the Korosko', in The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper, 5th March 1898, 31. The Sketch, 23rd November 1904, p. 203. Review of C.J. Cutcliffe Hyne, 'Atoms of Empire' Macmillan 1904 32. Bessie Marchant, In the Toils of the Tribesmen: A Story of the Indian Frontier (London Gale and Inglis, 1900), 33. Flora Annie Steel, 'A Bad Character Suit', in Indian Scene (London: Edward Arnold, 1931), 34. Richmal Crompton, 'The Leopard Hunter' in William the Conqueror (London: George Newnes, 1926, republished Macmillan, 1984), 35. Kathlyn Rhodes, The Valley of Enchantment (London: Hutchinson, 1929), 36. Joan Sutherland, Desborough of the North-West Frontier (Hodder and Stoughton, 1920), 37. A.G. Hales, Telegraph Dick: A London Lad's Adventures in Africa (London: Cassell,1907), 38. Mary Grant Bruce, Billabong Adventures (London: Ward, Lock and Co, 1928), 39. Frederick Burnaby, A Ride to Khiva: Travels and Adventures in Central Asia (London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1876), 40. Alfred Egmont Hake, 'Introduction', The Journals of Major-General C. G. Gordon, C.B. at Khartoum (London: Kegan Paul Trench and Co, 1885), 41. James Macaulay, 'The Storming of Majuba Hill February 27th 1881', in Stirring Stories of Peace and War, By Sea and Land (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1885, reprinted 1890), 42. Jack London, 'Coronation Day', in The People of the Abyss (London: Macmillan 1903), 43. 'Child Wives of India', in Nottingham Evening Post, 15th August 1927, 44. Review of J.C. Fife Cookson's, Tiger Shooting in the Doon and the Ulwar (London Chapman and Hall, 1887), in Homeward Mail from India China and the East, 28th February, 1888, 45. Harold Larwood, Bodyline? (London: Elkin Mathews and Marriot, third edition, 1933), 46. 'Book of the Week: The Farmer Folk of the Mearns', in Aberdeen Press and Journal, 5th September 1932, 47. 'Song By The Whiskey Drinker, Who's for a Shy at the Siege of Lahore My Boys!' The Tipperary Ballads, in Bentley's Miscellany Vol. 19 (1846), 48. Gerald Massey, 'The Relief of Lucknow', in F. Langbridge (ed.), Ballads of the Brave: Poems of Chivalry, Enterprise, Courage and Constancy, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, (London: Methuen, 1890), 49. 'Mr Kipling's Poem: For Your Credit's Sake Pay, Pay, Pay!' in Daily Mail, 1st November 1899, 50. 'The Jingo Englishman', in Punch, 9th November 1878, 51. 'Sir Garnet Wolsesley and the poet William M'Gonagall', in Dundee Evening Telegraph, 15th November 1882, 52. Oscar Wilde, 'Ave Imperatrix', 1887.53. 'Poetic Watchman', Daily Mail, 13th September 1900, 54. 'Empire Day Poem' in Strathearn Herald 25th May 1940, 55. 'Caricature by Coward', in Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic Review, 22nd October 1932, 56. Francis Phllimore 'Britain's Battle Painter, Lady Butler and Her Art', in Windsor Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly for Men and Women Vol. 11. December 1899-May, 1900, 57. 'Indian Decorative Art', in The Art Journal Supplement 1886, The Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886, 58.George Rossi Ashton - The Lightning Cartoonist', in The Music Hall and Theatre Review 15th September 1910, 59. 'Tableaux Vivants', in The Graphic, 28th December 1889, 60. 'Imperial Gallery of Art', in Yorkshire Post, 5th April 1929, 61. Catalogue of Liberty's Arts and Fabrics 1883, 62. 'Carpet Weaving in India', in Pearson's Weekly, 6th February 1892, 63. 'The Coronation of George V', Special Number of the Illustrated London News, 27th June 1911.64. 'The King Opens Kingsway', in The Bystander, 25th October 1905,65. 'Unveiling of the Gordon Statue', Aberdeen in Glasgow Herald, 18th June 1888,66. 'Memorial to the 66th Berkshire Regiment', in Reading Mercury, 18th December 1886, 67. Gallaher Cigarette Cards 1939. 68. Typhoo Tea Cards 1939.
Biography
John Griffiths is Senior Lecturer in British and British World History, Massey University, New Zealand
