Ensemble Methods
Foundations and Algorithms
Preview
Book Description
An up-to-date, self-contained introduction to a state-of-the-art machine learning approach, Ensemble Methods: Foundations and Algorithms shows how these accurate methods are used in real-world tasks. It gives you the necessary groundwork to carry out further research in this evolving field.
After presenting background and terminology, the book covers the main algorithms and theories, including Boosting, Bagging, Random Forest, averaging and voting schemes, the Stacking method, mixture of experts, and diversity measures. It also discusses multiclass extension, noise tolerance, error-ambiguity and bias-variance decompositions, and recent progress in information theoretic diversity.
Moving on to more advanced topics, the author explains how to achieve better performance through ensemble pruning and how to generate better clustering results by combining multiple clusterings. In addition, he describes developments of ensemble methods in semi-supervised learning, active learning, cost-sensitive learning, class-imbalance learning, and comprehensibility enhancement.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Popular Learning Algorithms
Evaluation and Comparison
Ensemble Methods
Applications of Ensemble Methods
Boosting
A General Boosting Procedure
The AdaBoost Algorithm
Illustrative Examples
Theoretical Issues
Multiclass Extension
Noise Tolerance
Bagging
Two Ensemble Paradigms
The Bagging Algorithm
Illustrative Examples
Theoretical Issues
Random Tree Ensembles
Combination Methods
Benefits of Combination
Averaging
Voting
Combining by Learning
Other Combination Methods
Relevant Methods
Diversity
Ensemble Diversity
Error Decomposition
Diversity Measures
Information Theoretic Diversity
Diversity Generation
Ensemble Pruning
What Is Ensemble Pruning
Many Could Be Better Than All
Categorization of Pruning Methods
Ordering-Based Pruning
Clustering-Based Pruning
Optimization-Based Pruning
Clustering Ensembles
Clustering
Categorization of Clustering Ensemble Methods
Similarity-Based Methods
Graph-Based Methods
Relabeling-Based Methods
Transformation-Based Methods
Advanced Topics
Semi-Supervised Learning
Active Learning
Cost-Sensitive Learning
Class-Imbalance Learning
Improving Comprehensibility
Future Directions of Ensembles
References
Index
Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.
Author(s)
Biography
Zhi-Hua Zhou is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Technology and the National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University. Dr. Zhou is the founding steering committee co-chair of ACML and associate editor-in-chief, associate editor, and editorial board member of numerous journals. He has published extensively in top-tier journals, chaired many conferences, and won six international journal/conference/competition awards. His research interests encompass the areas of machine learning, data mining, pattern recognition, and multimedia information retrieval.
Reviews
"… a valuable contribution to theoretical and practical ensemble learning. The material is very well presented, preliminaries and basic knowledge are discussed in detail, and many illustrations and pseudo-code tables help to understand the facts of this interesting field of research. Therefore, the book will become a helpful tool for practitioners working in the field of machine learning or pattern recognition as well as for students of engineering or computer sciences at the graduate and postgraduate level. I heartily recommend this book!"
—IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, February 2013"While the book is rather written for a machine learning and pattern recognition audience, the terminology is well explained and therefore also easily understandable for readers from other areas. In general the book is well structured and written and presents nicely the different ideas and approaches for combining single learners as well as their strengths and limitations."
—Klaus Nordhausen, International Statistical Review (2013), 81"Professor Zhou’s book is a comprehensive introduction to ensemble methods in machine learning. It reviews the latest research in this exciting area. I learned a lot reading it!"
—Thomas G. Dietterich, Professor and Director of Intelligent Systems Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA; ACM Fellow; and Founding President of the International Machine Learning Society"This is a timely book. Right time and right book … with an authoritative but inclusive style that will allow many readers to gain knowledge on the topic."
—Fabio Roli, University of Cagliari, Italy