1st Edition

Fundamentals of Sustainable Chemical Science

By Stanley E. Manahan Copyright 2009
    392 Pages 127 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    392 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Written by Stanley Manahan, Fundamentals of Sustainable Chemical Science has been carefully designed to provide a basic introduction to chemistry, including organic chemistry and biochemistry, for readers with little or no prior background in the subject. Manahan, bestselling author of many environmental texts, presents the material in a practical format that ties together real-world examples from environmental chemistry, green chemistry, and related areas while maintaining brevity and simplicity. The author presents:

    • An introduction to chemistry at the most fundamental level
    • A discussion of environmental chemistry and the now-critical area of sustainable chemical science
    • A straightforward presentation of the essentials of chemical science

    The book begins with an introduction to the basic concepts and terms needed to really understand chemistry. With these terms defined in very fundamental ways, it is then possible to cover chemical concepts in greater detail without having to guess what readers know and don’t know about chemistry. The book also includes basic coverage of organic chemistry and biochemistry. Although other books at the beginner level often omit these topics, those who deal with the real world of environmental pollution, hazardous wastes, agricultural science, and other applied areas quickly realize that a rudimentary understanding of them is essential. These two features make the book not only unique but also practical.

    Supplying the nuts and bolts of the science, Manahan elucidates the basics of chemistry in a clear, concise format with tie-ins to environmental chemistry and green chemistry.

    INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY

    If We Do Not Change Direction

    The Essential Role of Chemistry

    Environmental Chemistry and Green Chemistry

    A Mini-Course in Chemistry

    The Building Blocks of Matter

    Chemical Bonds and Compounds

    Chemical Reactions and Equations

    Numbers in Chemistry: Exponential Notation

    Significant Figures and Uncertainties in Numbers

    Measurements and Systems of Measurement

    Units of Mass

    Units of Length

    Units of Volume

    Temperature, Heat, and Energy

    Pressure

    Units and Their Use in Calculations

    Chapter Summary

    Literature Cited

    Questions and Problems

    MATTER AND MATERIALS

    What Is Matter And Why Does It Matter For Sustainability And Green Chemistry?

    Classification of Matter

    Quantity of Matter: The Mole

    Physical Properties of Matter

    States of Matter

    Gases

    Liquids and Solutions

    Solids

    Thermal Properties

    Separation and Characterization of Matter

    The Green Chemistry of Matter

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

    Atoms and Elements

    The Atomic Theory

    Subatomic Particles

    The Basic Structure of the Atom

    Development of the Periodic Table

    Hydrogen, the Simplest Atom

    Helium, the First Atom with a Filled Electron Shell

    Lithium, the First Atom with Both Inner and Outer Electrons

    The Second Period, Elements

    Elements 11–20, and Beyond

    A More Detailed Look at Atomic Structure

    Quantum and Wave Mechanical Models of Electrons in Atoms

    Energy Levels of Atomic Orbitals

    Shapes of Atomic Orbitals

    Electron Configuration

    Electrons in the First 20 Elements

    Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    CHEMICAL BONDS, MOLECULES, AND COMPOUNDS

    Chemical Bonds and Compound Formation

    Chemical Bonding and the Octet Rule

    Ionic Bonding

    Fundamentals of Covalent Bonding

    Covalent Bonds in Compounds

    Some Other Aspects of Covalent Bonding

    Chemical Formulas of Compounds

    The Names of Chemical Compounds

    Acids, Bases, and Salts

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    CHEMICAL REACTIONS, EQUATIONS, AND STOICHIOMETRY

    The Sentences of Chemistry

    The Information In A Chemical Equation

    Balancing Chemical Equations

    Will A Reaction Occur?

    How Fast Does A Reaction Go?

    Classification of Chemical Reactions

    Quantitative Information from Chemical Reactions

    What Is Stoichiometry and Why Is It Important?

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

    The Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts

    The Nature of Acids, Bases, and Salts

    Conductance of Electricity by Acids, Bases, and Salts in Solution

    Dissociation of Acids and Bases in Water

    The Hydrogen Ion Concentration and Buffers

    H And the Relationship between Hydrogen Ion and Hydroxide Ion Concentrations

    Preparation of Acids

    Preparation of Bases

    Preparation of Salts

    Acid Salts and Basic Salts

    Water of Hydration

    Names of Acids, Bases, and Salts

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    SOLUTIONS AND SOLVENTS

    What Are Solutions? Why Are They Important?

    Solvents

    Water—A Unique Solvent

    The Solution Process and Solubility

    Solution Concentrations

    Standard Solutions and Titrations

    Physical Properties of Solutions

    Solution Equilibria

    Colloidal Suspensions

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    CHEMISTRY AND ELECTRICITY

    Chemistry and Electricity

    Oxidation and Reduction

    Oxidation–Reduction in Solution

    The Dry Cell

    Storage Batteries

    Using Electricity to Make Chemical Reactions Occur

    Electroplating

    Fuel Cells

    Solar Cells

    Reaction Tendency

    Effect of Concentration: Nernst Equation

    Potentiometry

    Corrosion

    Chapter Summary

    Questions and Problems

    ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Organic Chemistry

    Hydrocarbons

    Organic Functional Groups and Classes Of Organic Compounds

    Synthetic Polymers

    Chapter Summary

    Supplementary References

    Questions and Problems

    BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

    Biochemistry

    Biochemistry and the Cell

    Proteins

    Carbohydrates

    Lipids

    Enzymes

    Nucleic Acids

    Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering

    Metabolic Processes

    Chapter Summary

    Literature Cited

    Supplementary References

    Questions and Problems

    INDEX

    Biography

    Stanley E. Manahan