704 Pages 255 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    704 Pages
    by CRC Press

    The availability of electric lighting has changed the lives of people the world over, yet as a major user of electricity it has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. This scrutiny has focused largely on the environmental consequences, with little consideration of the benefits of lighting. Human Factors in Lighting, Third Edition restores some balance to the discussion by examining the ways in which people interact with lighting. These interactions influence the ability to perform visual tasks; the perception of people, objects, and spaces; human comfort and behavior; as well as human health and safety. It is only by understanding how to use light to achieve these ends that lighting can be provided effectively and efficiently to the benefit of all.

    See What’s New in the Third Edition:

    • New chapters on the non-image-forming system, lighting for pedestrians, light pollution, and lighting and electricity use
    • Revision of all other chapters to update them to take into account the advances that have been made in our understanding of the effects of light on people over the last decade
    • Integration of the combined effects of light via the visual and non-image-forming systems on performance and perception

    The book covers both the visual and the non-visual effects of light on people as well as the benefits of lighting and the costs it imposes on the environment. It details the consequences of exposure to lighting or lighting technology and the role of exposure to light on such basic functions of the body as circadian rhythms. The author combines information from many different sources and integrates them into a coherent overview of lighting practice that can be used to develop better lighting solutions at a lower environmental cost.

    Fundamentals
    Light
    Introduction
    Light and Radiation
    CIE Standard Observers
    Photometric Quantities
    Some Limitations
    Colorimetric Quantities
    Sources of Light
    Control of Light Distribution
    Control of Light Output
    Summary

    Visual System
    Introduction
    Structure of the Visual System
    Continuous Adjustments of the Visual System
    Capabilities of the Visual System
    Perception through the Visual System
    Summary

    Non-Image-Forming System
    Introduction
    Some Physiology
    Circadian Timing System
    Characteristics of the Circadian Timing System
    Awakening System
    Pupil Size
    Problems and Potential
    Summary

    Generalities
    Lighting and Work

    Introduction
    Overview
    Light, Work, and the Visual System
    Light, Work, and the Non-Image-Forming System
    Light, Work, Mood, and Motivation
    Summary

    Lighting and Visual Discomfort

    Introduction
    Characteristics of Visual Discomfort
    General Causes of Visual Discomfort
    Specific Causes of Visual Discomfort
    Discomfort, Performance, and Behaviour
    Visual Discomfort and Lighting Quality
    Summary

    Lighting and the Perception of Spaces and Objects
    Introduction
    Simple Perceptions
    Higher-Order Perceptions
    Perception of Objects
    Summary

    Specifics
    Lighting for Offices
    Introduction
    Illuminance
    Light Sources for Office Lighting
    Lighting Systems
    Lighting Controls
    Summary

    Lighting for Industry

    Introduction
    Problems Facing Lighting in Industry
    General Lighting
    Localized and Task Lighting
    Visual Inspection
    Special Situations
    Summary

    Escape Lighting
    Introduction
    Escape Lighting in Context
    Operating Conditions
    Exit Signs
    Escape Route Lighting
    Special Situations
    Escape Lighting in Practice
    Summary

    Lighting for Driving
    Introduction
    Vehicle Forward Lighting
    Vehicle Signal Lighting
    Road Lighting
    Markings, Signs, and Traffic Signals
    Summary

    Lighting for Pedestrians

    Introduction
    What Pedestrians Want from Lighting
    Lighting Criteria
    Lighting for Safe Movement
    Lighting for Security
    Lighting, Comfort, and Attraction
    Completing the Picture
    Summary

    Lighting and Crime
    Introduction
    Some History
    Lighting as a Crime Prevention Measure
    The Reason Why
    Essential Characteristics of Lighting
    Special Situations
    Generalization and Value
    Summary

    Lighting for the Elderly

    Introduction
    Optical Changes with Age
    Neural Changes with Age
    Vision Loss
    Effects of Age on Visual Capabilities
    Effects of Age on Real Visual Tasks
    Effects of Age on the Circadian Timing System
    What Can Be Done to Offset the Effects of Age?
    Summary

    Light and Health
    Introduction
    Light as Radiation
    Light Operating through the Visual System
    Light Operating through the Circadian Timing System
    Unresolved Issues
    Summary

    Light Pollution
    Introduction
    Forms of Light Pollution
    Causes of Light Pollution
    Consequences of Light Pollution
    Reactions to Light Pollution
    Limiting Light Pollution
    The Future
    Summary

    Lighting and Electricity Consumption
    Introduction
    Legal Status
    Trends in Lighting Regulation
    Trends in Lighting Recommendations
    Design
    Load Shedding
    Summary

    The Way Ahead
    Introduction
    Background
    Problems with New Technology
    Problems with New Knowledge
    Problems with Increased Pressure
    Research Approaches
    New Tools
    Evaluating Research
    Summary
    References
    Index

    Biography

    Boyce, Peter Robert

    "The broad scope of the book is impressive. … If you have an interest in research of lighting, vision or visual psychology, in lighting design, or in ergonomics, this book is certain to contain new and interesting ideas."
    —Professor Steve Fotios, University of Sheffield

    "The third edition is the best yet from Dr. Boyce. It is comprehensive, penetrating and fair in the discussion of topics, and provides the reader with an engaging narrative that facilitates a sophisticated understanding of the impact of lighting on people. The depth and breadth of Dr. Boyce’s mastery of the subject is revealed, and his writing style makes the wide range of topics highly accessible to anyone interested in Human Factors in Lighting."
    —Mark S. Rea, PhD, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.

    "… I will open the book numerous times in my classes and my laboratory with my students in the coming ten years. While reading this book I feel like I am sitting in the class of human factors in lighting taught by Professor Peter Boyce. I believe Dr. Peter Boyce wrote this book with all his heart."
    —Yukio Akashi, University of Fukui


    "This is a really excellent textbook and continues in a modern form the paths laid by M. Luckiesh, H.C. Weston, and R.G. Hopkinson. It expounds not only the science of the subject but also the relevance to lighting practice. The style is succinct and lucid throughout, but moreover, the author communicates with the reader in that he rounds off descriptions of experimental studies with a conclusion about the implications of the work, and a summary of the main arguments is provided at the end of every chapters. This is a very readable book as well as being a unique and comprehensive source of reference. It is a vital volume, which should be possessed by everyone in the lighting profession."
    —Lighting Reseach & Technology, Vol. 36., no. 1, 2004