This Critical Concepts series (a Routledge Major Work) is an anthology of influential works on international law. The collection covers the principal facets of both classical and contemporary international law. In making their selection, J.H.H. Weiler and Alan T. Nissel consulted with a wide range of experts and chose those pieces that in their view both shaped the field and have illuminated its contours. These articles have, or are expected to have, considerable "staying power."
By juxtaposing classical with more contemporary articles, this anthology illustrates the motion of international law—the evolution of doctrine, practice and historiography of the field. The series begins with a consideration of the fundamental systemic (Volume I) and conceptual (Volumes II and III ) features of International Law. It then maps out substantive aspects (Volumes IV and V). The collection concludes (Volume VI) with what the authors call "multi-inter-disciplinary" approaches to the field.
Volume 1: An Overview of the System
Part 1: The Politics of International Law
1. Elihu Root, "The Need of Popular Understanding of International Law," 1 American Journal of International Law 1 (1907).
2. Martti Koskenniemi, "The Politics of International Law," 1(1) European Journal of International Law 1 (1990).
Part 2: History of International Law
3. Wilhelm G. Grewe, "Introduction," in The Epochs of International Law, (translated by Michael Byers, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, 2000).
4. David Kennedy, "International Law and the Nineteenth Century: History of an Illusion," 17 Quarterly Law Review 99 (1977).
5. Antony Anghie, "Finding the Peripheries: Sovereignty and Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century International Law," 40 Harvard International Law Journal 1 (1999).
Part 3: The Concept of International Law
6. H.L.A. Hart, "International Law" in The Concept of Law 213 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961).
7. Prosper Weil, "Towards Normative Relativity in International Law," 77 American Journal of International Law 413 (1988).
Part 4: International Law and its Self-Identity
8. Louis B. Sohn, "The New International Law: Protection of the Rights of Individuals rather than States," 32 American University Law Review 1 (1982).
9. Bruno Simma, "From Bilateralism to Community Interest in International Law," 250 Recueil des Cours 217 (1994).
10. Georges Abi-Saab, "Whither the International Community," 9(2) European Journal of International Law 248 (1998).
Part 5: International Governance & Global Administrative Law
11. Benedict Kingsbury, Nico Krisch, & Richard B. Stewart, The Emergence of Global Administrative Law, 68 Law & Contemporary Problems 15 (2005).
Part 6: Epilogue
12. Joseph Weiler, "The Geology of International Law – Governance, Democracy and Legitimacy," 64 Heidelberg Journal of International Law 547 (2004).
Volume 2: Fundamentals of International Law I
Part 7: International Law-Making and the Sources of International Law
13. P.E. Corbett, "The Consent of States and the Sources of the Law of Nations," 6 British Year Book of International Law 20 (1925).
14. Myres S. McDougal, Harold D. Lasswell and W. Michael Reisman, "The World Constitutive Process of Authoritative Decision," in International Law Essays: A Supplement to International Law in Contemporary Perspective 191 (Myres S. McDougal and W. Michael Reisman ,eds.,1981).
15. Harold Hongju Koh, "Transnational Legal Process," 75 Nebraska Law Review 181 (1996).
16. Henry Richard, "On the Obligation of Treaties: A Paper Presented to the Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations, At Antwerp, Sept. 1877" 3 Law Magazine and Review; A Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence, and Quarterly Digest of All Reported Cases 91-103 (1877-1878).
17. Michael Akehurst, "Custom as a Source of International Law," 47 British Year Book International Law 1 (1975).
18. Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, "Custom," in Change and Stability in International Law-Making 1 (Antonio Cassese & Joseph H. H. Weiler eds., 1988).
19. Christine Chinkin, "The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law," 38 International & Comparative Law Quarterly 850 (1989).
Part 8: International Personality: States
20. James Crawford, "The Creation of States in International Law," 48 British Year Book of International Law 93 (1977).
21. International Personality: Real and Other Legal Persons
22. Jan Klabbers, "Legal Personality: The Concept of Legal Personality," 11 Ius Gentium 35 (2005).
23. Giorgio Gaja, "A 'New' Vienna Convention on Treaties Between States and International Organizations or Between International Organizations: A Critical Commentary," 58 British Year Book of International Law 253 (1987).
Part 9: Territory, Sovereignty and Self-Determination
24. R. Y. Jennings, "Introduction," in The Acquisition of Territory in International Law 1-15 (New York; Oceana, 1963).
25. W. R. Bisschop, "Sovereignty," 2 British Year Book of International Law 122 (1921).
26. Benedict Kingsbury," Sovereignty and Inequality," 9 European Journal of International Law 599 (1998).
27. Gerry J. Simpson, "The Diffusion of Sovereignty: Self-Determination in the Post-Colonial Age," 32 Stanford Journal of International Law 255 (1996).
28. Christian Tomuschat, "Self-Determination in a Post-Colonial World," in Modern Law of Self-Determination (Tomuschat, C, ed., The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993), at 1-20.
Volume 3: Fundamentals of International Law II
Part 10: The Relationship between Domestic and International Law
29. Antonio Cassese, "Modern Constitutions and International Law," 192 Recueil des Cours 341-476 (1985III).
30. Mattias Kumm, "International Law in National Courts: The International Rule of Law and the Limits of the Internationalist Model," 44 Virginia Journal of International Law 19 (2003).
31. Eyal Benvenisti, "Reclaiming Democracy: The Strategic Uses of Foreign and International Law by National Courts," 102 American Journal of International Law 241 (2008).
Part 11: Jurisdiction
32. Michael Akehurst, "Jurisdiction in International Law," 46 British Yearbook of International law 145 (1972-1973).
Part 12: Dispute Resolution
33. Shabtai Rosenne, "Introduction," in The Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice, 1920-2005 1 (2006).
34. Anthony D’Amato, "Trashing Customary International Law," 81 American Journal of International Law 101 (1987).
35. Robert O. Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, and Anne-Marie Slaughter, "Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate and Transnational," 54(3) International Organization 457 (2000).
36. Jonathan I. Charney, "The Impact on the International Legal System of the Growth of International Courts and Tribunals," 31 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 697 (1999).
Part 13: State Responsibility for Violations of International Law
37. International Law Commission Special Rapporteur Roberto Ago, "Review of previous work on codification of the topic of the international responsibility of States," United Nations Document A/CN.4/217.
38. International Law Commission Special Rapporteur James Crawford, "Introduction," in The International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility: Introduction, Text and Commentaries 1-60 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
39. Philip Allot, "State Responsibility and the Unmaking of International Law," 29 Harvard International Law Journal 1 (1988).
Part 14: Democracy, Legitimacy and Pluralism
40. Eric Stein, "International Integration and Democracy: No Love at First Sight," 95 American Journal of International Law 489 (2001).
41. Susan Marks, "International law, Democracy and the End of History," in G. Fox & B.Roth (eds), Democratic Governance and International Law 532 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
42. Thomas M. Franck, "Legitimacy in the International System," 82 American Journal of International Law 705 (1988).
43. Armin von Bogdandy & Sergio Dellavalle, "Universalism and Particularism as Paradigms of International Law," International Law and Justice Working Papers 2008/3, Benedict Kingsbury, Philip Alston, J. H. H. Weiler (eds.), History and Theory of International Law Series. New York University School of Law, New York 2008, 1.
Part 15: Globalization
44. Anne-Marie Slaughter, "Disaggregated Sovereignty: Towards the Public Accountability of Global Government Networks, 39 Government & Opposition 159 (2004).
Volume 4: International Law in and of Peace
Part 16: International Institutional Law
45. Bruno Simma, "Introduction," in The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary 1 (2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
46. Ari Afilalo and Dennis Patterson, "Statecraft, Trade and the Order of States," 6 Chicago Journal of International Law 725 (2006).
Part 17: Law of the Sea
47. Bernard H. Oxman, "The Rule of Law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea," 7 European Journal of International Law 353 (1996).
48. Philip Allott, "Power Sharing in the Law of the Sea," 77 American Journal of International Law 1 (1983).
Part 18: International Environmental Law
49. Gunther Handl, "Environmental Security and Global Change: The Challenge to International Law" 1 Year Book of International Environmental Law 3 (1990).
50. Phillippe J. Sands, "The Environment, Community and International Law," 30 Harvard International Law Journal 393 (1989).
Part 19: International Economic Law
51. Jean Monnet, "Economic Integration: New Forms of Partnership," in Carnegie Endowment For International Peace, Perspectives On Peace, 1910-1960 97 (1960).
52. Joseph Weiler, "The Transformation of Europe," 100 Yale Law Journal 2403 (1991).
53. Robert Howse, "From Politics to Technocracy -- And Back Again: The Fate of the Multilateral Trading Regime," 96 American Journal of International Law 94 (2002).
Part 20: Protection of Private Investments under Public International Law
54. Andrew T. Guzman, "Why LDCs Sign Treaties that Hurt Them: Explaining the Popularity of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 38 Virginia Journal of International Law 639 (1998).
Part 21: Social Dimension of International Law
55. Philip Alston, "'Core Labour Standards' and the Transformation of the International Labour Rights Regime," 15(3) European Journal of International Law 457 (2004).
56. Brian A Langille, "Core Labour Rights – The True Story (Reply to Alston)," 16(3) European Journal of International Law 437 (2005).
57. Jacqueline Peel, "International Law and the Legitimate Determination of Risk: Is Democratising Expertise the Answer?," 38 Victoria University Wellington Law Review 363 (2007).
Part 22: Human Rights
58. Hersch Lauterpacht, "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 25 British Year Book of International Law 354 (1948).
59. Jochen Von Bernstorff, "The Changing Fortunes of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Genesis and Symbolic Dimensions of the Turn to Rights in International Law," 19(5) European Journal of International Law 903 (2008).
60. His Holiness Benedictus XVI Joseph Ratzinger, "Address to the United Nations General Assembly of 18 April 2008," 19(5) European Journal of International Law 920 (2008).
61. Mary Anne Glendon, "Justice and Human Rights: Reflections on the Address of Pope Benedict to the UN," 19(5) European Journal of International Law 925 (2008).
Part 23: Consular Law and Diplomatic Immunity
62. Dapo Akande, "International Law Immunities and the International Criminal Court," 98 American Journal of International Law 407 (2004).
Part 24: Neutrality
63. A. Pearce Higgins, "The Law of Peace," 4 British YearBook of International Law 153 (1923).
64. Detlev F. Vagts, "The Traditional Legal Concept of Neutrality in a Changing Environment," 14 American University International Law Review 83 (1998)
Volume 5: International Law in and of War
Part 25: When States Go to War
65. Oscar Schachter, "The Right of States to Use Armed Force," 82 Michigan Law Review 1620 (1984).
66. Thomas M. Franck, "Who Killed Article 2(4)?" 2(4) American Journal of International Law 809 (1970).
67. Ian Brownlie, "The Use of Force in Self-Defence," (1961) British Year Book of International Law 183.
68. Alain Pellet, "Brief Remarks on the Unilateral Use of Force," 11(2) European Journal of International Law 385 (2000).
69. W. Michael Reisman, "The Resistance in Afghanistan is Engaged in a War of National Liberation," 81 American Journal of International Law 906 (1987).
Part 26: Conquest and Occupation
70. Stephen M. Schwebel, "What Weight to Conquest?" 64 American Journal of International Law 344 (1970).
71. Adam Roberts, "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories since 1967," 84 American Journal of International Law 44 (1990).
Part 27: Proxy-Wars, Terrorism and Non-State Actors
72. Antonio Cassese, "Terrorism is Also Disrupting Some Crucial Legal Categories of International Law," 12 European Journal of International Law 993 (2001).
73. Tal Becker, "Introduction" in Terrorism and the State: Rethinking the Rules of State Responsibility 1 (Portland: Hart, 2006).
Part 28: International Humanitarian and Criminal Law
74. Oscar M. Uhler et al., "Introduction," in The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary, 9-16 (Jean S. Pictet ed., 1958).
75. Chris Jochnick & Roger Normand, "The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical History of the Laws of War," 35 Harvard International Law Journal 49 (1994).
76. Yoram Dinstein, "The Distinctions Between War Crimes and Crimes Against Peace," 24 Israel Year Book on Human Rights 1 (1994).
77. Jose Alvarez, "Nuremberg Revisited: The Tadic Case," 7(2) European Journal of International Law 245 (1996).
78. Hans Kelsen, "Collective and Individual Responsibility for Acts of State in International Law," The Jewish Year Book of International Law 26 (1948).
79. Christopher Greenwood, "The Relationship Between Ius ad Bellum and Ius in Bello," 9 Review of International Studies 221 (1983).
80. J.L. Brierly, "Do We Need An International Criminal Court?" 8 British Year Book of International Law 81 (1927).
81. M. Cherif Bassiouni, "The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court," 1 Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 1 (1991).
Part 29: Weapons of Mass Destruction
82. Martti Koskenniemi, "Faith, Identity, and the Killing of the Innocent: International Lawyers and Nuclear Weapons" 10 Leiden Journal of International Law 137 (1997).
Volume 6: International Law AND
Part 30: The Other
83. Hilary Charlesworth, Christine Chinkin and Shelley Wright, "Feminist Approaches to International Law," 85 American Journal of International Law 613 (1991).
Part 31: Economics
84. Jeffrey L. Dunoff and Joel P. Trachtman, "Economic Analysis of International Law," 24 Yale Journal of International Law 1 (1999).
85. Jack L. Goldsmith & Eric A. Posner, "A Theory of Customary International Law," 66 University of Chicago Law Review 1113 (1999).
Part 32: Literature
86. Theodor Meron, "Shakespeare’s Henry the Fifth and the Law of War," 86 American Journal of International Law 1 (1992).
87. James Boyle, "Ideals and Things: International Legal Scholarship and the Prison-House of Language," 26 Harvard International Law Journal 327 (1985).
Part 33: Philosophy
88: Richard Tuck, "The 'Modern' Theory of Natural Law," in The Languages of Political Theory in Early-Modern Europe (Anthony Pagden ed., 1987), at pp. 99-122.
89: Hans Kelsen, "On the Pure Theory of Law," 1 Israel Law Review 1 (1966).
Part 34: Politics
Part 35: Psychology
90. Anthony Carty, "Law and the Postmodern Mind: Interwar German Theories of International Law: The Psychoanalytical and Phenomenological Perspectives of Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt," 16 Cardozo Law Review 1235 (1995).
Part 36: Religion
91. Rosalyn Higgins, Conflict of Interests: International Law in a Divided World (London: The Bodley Head, 1965).
92. Alan Nissel, "Equality or Equivalence: A Very Brief Survey of Lex Talionis as a Concept of Justice in the Bible," in Barry Wimpfheimer (ed.), Wisdom of Batsheva: Essays in Memory of Dr. Beth Samuels (Ktav, 2009).
Part 37: Sociology
93. Louis Henkin, "Introduction," in How Nations Behave. Law and Foreign Policy (London: Pall Mall, 1968).
94. David Kennedy, "Book Review: How Nations Behave," 21(1) Harvard International Law Journal 301 (1980).
95. Moshe Hirsch, "The Sociology of International Economic Law: Sociological Analysis of the Regulation of Regional Agreements in the World Trading System," 19(2) European Journal of International Law 277 (2008).
