Islam in Ethiopia

PREFACE

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

1. THE REGION AND ITS FOLK

I, THE LA.NI>

　

　

2, THE PIOPLE

(a) Ethnological and Cultural History of the Region

(6) Social and Economic Life

1. Religions and their Distribution:

(a.) Paganism

(/1) Judaism

(y) Christianity

(8) Distribution of Islam

1. THE CONFLICT OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM IN ETHIOPIA

I, HISTORICAL SltETCH OP THE R.IGION BIPORE THE RISE OP ISLAM

1. Semitic Colonization in Abyssinia

(6) The Kingdom of Axum

(,) The Introduction of Christianity into the Kingdom of Axum

2, FIR.ST CONTACTS WITH ISLAM

(a) Rise of Islam: Turning-Boint in History of Region

First Contacts with Islam

(6) The Birth of the Abyssinian Nation

The Challenge and the Response: The Conversion of

the Abyssinians to Christianity

The Zlgw! Dynasty

Islamic Kingdoms in Eastern Shoa

The First Expansion of Islam

(,) The 'Solomonid' Dynasty

The Muslim Sultanates

The Struggle with the Sultanates

3• THE MUSLIM CONQUEST OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

(a) Introductory:

Ottomans and Portuguese in the Arabian Sea

The Empire of Ethiopia

The Jihad and Tribal Movements

(6) Abyssinia before the Conquest

(,) The Great Conquest

Eft"ect of the Conquest on Christians and Muslims

1. Partial Recovery

4• PEllJOD OP ISOLATION AND llEGIONALISM

1. Roman Propaganda and Nationalist Reaction

(6) Atrophy of Abyssinian Christianity and Renewed Progress

of Islam

1. The Triumph of Regionalism

Collapse of the Monarchy

Disintegration of the Empire and Galla Supremacy over

the Throne

2. Progress of Islam during the Period of Regionalism

5• UNIPICATION OP THE ETHIOPIAN EMPIRE

1. The Renaissance of Islam in the Nineteenth Century

The New Egypt and Abyssinia

Islamic Awakening in the Sudan

(6) First Attempts at Unification Renewal of Egyptian Plans for Expansion The Emperor John's attempt at Religious Unity

The Mahdiyya of the Sudan and Abyssinia

1. Menelik's Conquest of Muslim and Pagan Regions

Lijj Iyllsu's attempt at a Muslim Revolution

2. European Powers in the Region

The Mahdi of Somaliland

(t) The Reign of Hllyla Sellasse

6. CHARACTERISTICS OP ISLAMIC PENETRATION

(a) The ExpanJion of Islam in North-East Africa

(6) Abyssinian History and the Challenge of Islam

1. TRIBAL DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAM

I, INTllODUCTION

2, ABYSSINIAN MUSLIMS (JABARTI)

3• AD SHAIKH

2. BANI 'AMIil

5• BAIT ASGADI (l;IABAB, AD TAKLls, AND AD TAMARYAM)

6. MANSA AND BAIT JUK

7• BILIN Oil BOGOS

8. MARYA

9• MINOR GROUPS IN EllITllEA

IO. 1AFAI 01 DANAKIL

I I. IAHO

U. SJDXMA

1. GUalG!
2. oaoMA 01. GALLA

{•) Culture Contact and Change

(6) The People

Institutions of the Pagan Galla

{,) Muslim Galla Groups:

(ci) Galla of the Abyssinian Plateau

(ft) Galla of the Upper Gi

{y) The South-Eastem Galla (Harar Province) :

(8) The Arai or Arllsi :

I S• THI SOMALI :

1. MUSLIM Nl!GI.OID TRIBES :

{o) Baria and Kunlma :

(6) Bani Shangiil Region

(,) Bantu and Somalized Bantu Groups

2. MINOR GROUPS

(o) Arabs

(6) West African Sudanese

(,) The Argobba

(I) Outcaste Peoples

4, SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAM IN THE REGION

I. THI ORTHODOX SYSTEM

(•) Orthodox Observance

(6) Islamic Law and Customary Codes

:Z. THI DIRVJSH OllDl!l.8

{•) Propagation of the Orders

(6) Organization of the Orders

(,) Qldiriyya

(I) A}.i.madiyya

{t} }.i.iyya (Rashldiyya)

(.f) Mirghaniyya or Khatmiyya

(g) Tijlniyya

{A) Sam.mlniyya

3• IAINT WOI.IHIP

(o) Saints and their Tombs

(6) Pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of Shaikh l;Iusain

4• THI PH•IILAMIC IIDIMINT

(.r) The Concept of the Supernatural

(') Forms of Religious Behaviour

S• THI >.1111\CILATION OF JILAM BY PAGANS

6, THI INFLUINCI OF WISTII.NJIM

INDEX

MAPS

I, U.NOUAOIS OF NORTH•IAST AFRICA

2, MUSLIM ITATIS IN THI TIMI OF 1AMDA fYON I (A,D, I 314-44)

3• THI CONQUIITS OF MINILJlt U

4• THI TRJBII OF IRITRIA

S· THI IJDlMA RIOION

6. ONI OF NORTH•IAIT AFRICA

Biography

J. S. Trimingham was a noted 20th Century scholar on Islam in Africa. He died in 1987. 

" …the book is a careful and factual study…" The Times Literary Supplement

"Scholarly history of the penetration of Islam in the horn of Africa…" A H A

"Trimingham makes an important contribution toward understanding the depth and influence of Islam in the area as a whole." The Middle East Journal