6th Edition

Listening Attitudes, Principles, and Skills

By Judi Brownell Copyright 2018
    454 Pages
    by Routledge

    454 Pages
    by Routledge

    Listening, Sixth Edition takes an experiential approach to listening instruction, providing extensive applied examples and cases within the context of the HURIER listening model. The text encourages students to view listening as a process involving six interrelated components, which are developed along the parallel dimensions of theory and skill building. This new edition offers a companion website as well as additional and updated cases, in-text exercises, and questions for discussion. Throughout the text, new content has been added to address students’ world of evolving technology and expanding social boundaries.

    Included in the new edition:

    • The complexities of listening to social media and the unique challenges presented by mediated communication
    • New and expanded topics in Listening Challenges, including listening as it relates to career communication and business contexts
    • Suggested techniques for encouraging others to listen
    • The new requirements of listening across cultural and generational boundaries, emphasized throughout
    • Opening cases that present timely issues related to the listeners’ social responsibilities
    • A personal journal assignment in each chapter

    Preface

    New to This Edition

    Organization of the Text

    Give Your Students Choices

    Acknowledgments

    PART I An Introduction to Listening

    CHAPTER 1

    Improving Listening Effectiveness

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    The Importance of Listening

    The Changing World of Listening

    Reasons to Listen

    Accomplish Tasks and Build Relationships: The China Affair Appreciate and Enjoy What You Hear: A Second Chance

    The HURIER Approach to Listening

    Components of the HURIER Model Personal Listening Filters Listening Purpose and Context Applying the HURIER Model

    Understand Yourself as a Listener

    Listening to Self Self-Monitoring Constructive Feedback Rules of Constructive Feedback Assessing Your Listening Behavior

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Understand the Importance and Benefits of Listening Application 2: Understand the Components of the HURIER Model Application 3: Understand Yourself as a Listener

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: Improving Listening Effectiveness

    Your HURIER Listening Profile

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 2

    Listening Theory and Research

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Theoretical Perspectives

    Early Perspectives on Communication The Relational Perspective Listening-Centered Communication

    What We Know About Listening Behavior

    Challenges in Listening Research

    Factors that Influence Listening

    Research on Listening Assessment

    Types of Assessment Instruments Assessment Concerns

    The HURIER Model: A Behavioral Approach

    Developing Listening Strategy

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Understand Relational Communication Application 2: Understand Research in Listening Application 3: Understand Listening Assessment Application 4: Recognize How Situation and Purpose Influence Listening Strategy

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: Listening Theory and Research

    References and Recommended Reading

    PART II Listening: Principles and Applications

    CHAPTER 3

    The Process of Hearing

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Hearing: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Classroom Surfing

    The Process of Hearing: Principles

    The Mechanics of Hearing Levels of Hearing Characteristics of Sound Auditory Discrimination

    Hearing and Attention

    Perceptual Readiness Selective Attention

    Learn to Focus Your Attention

    The Thought–Speech Differential Listener Apprehension Maintain an Appropriate Mental Attitude Be Physically Prepared to Concentrate Attention and Mediated Communication

    Develop Your Appreciative Listening

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Focus on Your Hearing Application 2: Identify and Reduce Distractions Application 3: Adopt an Appropriate Listening Attitude Application 4: Apply the Vocalized Listening Technique Application 5: Overcome Listener Apprehension Application 6: Behave Like a Good Listener Application 7: Become an Appreciative Listener

    Hearing Messages: Short Case

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Hearing

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 4

    The Process of Understanding

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Understanding: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Why All the Misunderstandings Over Black Lives Matter?

    The Process of Understanding: Principles

    Understanding What You Hear Inner Speech Semantic Reactions

    Understanding in Two-Way Settings

    Sharing and Building Vocabulary Asking Appropriate Questions Listen to the Entire Message

    Understanding in One-Way Communication Settings

    Patterns of Organization Note-Taking Systems Using Notes Effectively

    Understanding in Mediated Communication Situations

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Increase Your Vocabulary Application 2: Keep in Touch with Your Inner Speech Application 3: Listen to the Entire Message Application 4: Ask Relevant Questions Application 5: Listen to Distinguish Main from Supporting Ideas Application 6: Use Appropriate Note-Taking Methods

    Understanding Messages: Short Case

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Understanding

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 5

    The Process of Remembering

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Remembering: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Remembering the Haiti Earthquake of 2010

    The Process of Remembering: Principles

    Memory Systems

    Immediate Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

    Obstacles to Effective Memory

    Repression and Distortion Retroactive Inhibition Primacy and Recency Effects Rigid Thinking Aging and Memory

    Paths to a Better Memory

    Eat Right Increase Creativity Reduce Stress

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Improve Your Immediate and Short-Term Memory Application 2: Improve Your Long-Term Memory Application 3: Reduce Obstacles to Memory Application 4: Increase Creative Thinking Application 5: Reduce Stress

    Remembering Messages: Short Case

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Remembering

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 6

    The Process of Interpreting

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Interpreting: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Will the Real Hillary Please Stand Up?

    The Process of Interpreting: Principles

    The Nature of Empathy

    Types of Empathy Individual Differences in Empathic Listening Empathy Requires Reciprocity Emotional Intelligence

    Nonverbal Communication

    Basic Considerations in the Interpretation of Nonverbal Cues Facial Expression Eye Behavior Body Movements, Posture, and Gesture Touch Appearance

    Vocal Cues

    Characteristics of Voice Silence

    Verbal and Nonverbal Cues Interrelate

    Contradicting Substituting Complementing Relating and Regulating

    Mediated Communication and Empathic Listening

    Becoming an Empathic Listener

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Develop the Cognitive Aspects of Empathy Application 2: Develop the Perceptive Aspects of Empathy Application 3: Develop the Behavioral Aspects of Empathy Application 4: Interpret Your Partner’s Vocal Cues Application 5: Identify the Ways in Which Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors Interrelate

    Interpreting Messages: Short Cases

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Interpreting

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 7

    The Process of Evaluating

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Evaluating: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Will the Real Reporter Please Stand Up?

    The Process of Evaluating: Principles

    Theories of Persuasion

    Attitude Change Theory Consistency Theories Social Judgment Theories

    Prepare Yourself for Critical Listening

    There’s Always More to Know Be Ready to Modify Your Position Consider Differences as Well as Similarities Recognize Self-Fulfilling Prophecies Use Indexing to Focus on Individuals Rather than Categories Date Your Information and Constantly Reassess the Situation There’s a Lot of Gray Between Black and White Obtain Balanced Information and Avoid Selective Perception

    Elements of Persuasion

    Evaluate Speaker Credibility Initial, Derived, and Terminal Credibility

    Evaluate Rational Appeals

    Distinguish Among Facts, Opinions, and Inferences Types of Evidence and Support Types of Reasoning Identify Logical Fallacies

    Evaluate Emotional Appeals

    Propaganda Devices

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Mentally Prepare Yourself to Listen Objectively Application 2: Analyze the Speaker’s Credibility Application 3: Analyze the Speaker’s Evidence Application 4: Analyze the Speaker’s Reasoning Application 5: Analyze the Speaker’s Emotional Appeals

    Evaluating Messages: Short Case

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Evaluating

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 8

    The Process of Responding

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Responding: Situation and Purpose

    In the News: Whistle Blowing at Wells Fargo

    Responding to Messages: Principles

    Developing Your Listening Response Your Listening Response and Your Personal Style

    Response Styles

    The Assertive Response Supportive Responses

    Nonverbal Dimensions: Creating Listening Environments

    Communication Settings Space and Communication Time as a Communication Variable  Listening Environment and Online Responses

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Expand Your Comfort Zone Application 2: Develop Your Assertive Skills Application 3: Practice Supportive Responses Application 4: Create Supportive Listening Environments

    Responding to Messages: Short Cases

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: The Process of Responding

    References and Recommended Reading

    PART III Listening: Relationships and Challenges

    CHAPTER 9

    Listening Relationships

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    Listening Relationships

    Relationships in the Family

    Listening to Your Partner or Spouse The Skills of Listening to Your Partner

    Listening to Children 

    The Skills of listening to Children Listening Across Generations The Skills of Listening Across GenerationsThe Skills of Listening Through Social Media

    Educational Relationships

    Listening in the Classroom The Skills of Listening in the ClassroomListening to Presentations The Skills of Listening to Presentations • The Skills of Listening When Being Coached

    Helping Relationships

    Listening in the Counseling Interview Listening to a Friend in Trouble Listening in Health Care The Skills of Listening in Health Care

    Work Relationships

    Listening to Employees The Skills of Listening to Employees Coaching Your Employees • Listening to Supervisors The Skills of Listening to Supervisors: Following Directions Listening in Small Groups and Teams Listening to Rumor The Skills of Listening to Rumor

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Listen to Members of Your Family Application 2: Listen in Educational Relationships and Presentations Application 3: Listen in Helping Relationships Application 4: Listen in Organizational Contexts

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: Listening Relationships

    References and Recommended Reading

    CHAPTER 10

    Listening Challenges

    Outline

    Chapter Objectives

    In the News: The Listening Challenges of Cyberbullying

    The Challenge of Listening in High-Technology Environments

    Suggestions for Listening in High-Technology Environments

    The Challenge of Global Listening

    Suggestions for Effective Global Listening

    The Challenge of Listening Between Genders

    Verbal Differences in Gender Communication Nonverbal Differences in Gender Communication Suggestions for Effective Cross-Gender Listening

    The Challenge of Ethical Listening

    Suggestions For Ethical Listening

    Summary

    Applications

    Application 1: Meet the Challenges of Listening in High-Technology Environments Application 2: Meet the Challenge of Global Listening Application 3: Meet the Challenge of Listening Across Gender Application 4: Meet the Challenge of Ethical Listening

    Challenging Assumptions

    Personal Journal: Listening Challenges

    References and Recommended Reading

    Name Index

    Subject Index

    Biography

    Judi Brownell is a Professor at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration in the Cornell SC Johnson College of Business. She has created tools to assess employee-organization fit and the communication of service values. Brownell has authored several textbooks, published over 80 articles and serves on several editorial boards.