Monographs in Contact Allergy, Volume 3 Topical Drugs

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the author

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Why a book with monographs on topical drugs?
1.2 Data provided in this book

Chapter 2 An overview of allergic contact dermatitis from topical drugs
2.1 Side effects of topical drugs
2.2 Allergic contact dermatitis from topical drugs
2.2.1 Prevalence
2.2.2 Predisposing factors
2.2.3 Clinical manifestations
2.2.4 The allergens
2.3 Diagnostic procedures
2.4 Uses of corticosteroids
2.5 Allergic contact dermatitis from corticosteroids
2.6 The corticosteroid sensitizers
2.7 Diagnostic procedures in suspected corticosteroid allergy
2.8 Cross-reactivity between corticosteroids

Chapter 3 Monographs of topical drugs that have caused contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Aceclidine
3.3 Aceclofenac
3.4 Acetarsone
3.5 Acetazolamide
3.6 Acetylcysteine
3.7 Acexamic acid
3.8 Acyclovir
3.9 Adapalene
3.10 Alcaftadine
3.11 Alclometasone dipropionate
3.12 Aluminum acetate
3.13 Ambroxol
3.14 Amcinonide
3.15 Aminocaproic acid
3.16 Aminolevulinic acid
3.17 3-(Aminomethyl)pyridyl salicylate
3.18 Amlexanox
3.19 Amorolfine
3.20 Amylocaine
3.21 Antazoline
3.22 Anthrarobin
3.23 Apraclonidine
3.24 Arbekacin
3.25 Atropine
3.26 Azidamfenicol
3.27 Azithromycin
3.28 Bacitracin
3.29 Beclomethasone dipropionate
3.30 Befunolol
3.31 Belladonna extract
3.32 Bendazac
3.33 Benzarone
3.34 Benzocaine
3.35 Benzoyl peroxide
3.36 Benzydamine
3.37 Betamethasone
3.38 Betamethasone dipropionate
3.39 Betamethasone sodium phosphate
3.40 Betamethasone valerate
3.41 Betaxolol
3.42 Bibrocathol
3.43 Bifonazole
3.44 Bimatoprost
3.45 Bismuth subnitrate
3.46 Bismuth tribromophenate
3.47 Brimonidine
3.48 Bromelains
3.49 Budesonide
3.50 Bufexamac
3.51 Buprenorphine
3.52 Butamben
3.53 Caine mix III
3.54 Calcipotriol
3.55 Canrenone
3.56 Carbarsone
3.57 Carmustine
3.58 Carteolol
3.59 Chloral hydrate
3.60 Chloramphenicol
3.61 Chlordantoin
3.62 Chlorphenesin
3.63 Chlorpheniramine
3.64 Chlorphenoxamine
3.65 Chlorproethazine
3.66 Chlorquinaldol
3.67 Chlortetracycline
3.68 Ciclesonide
3.69 Ciclopirox olamine
3.70 Clemizole
3.71 Clindamycin
3.72 Clioquinol
3.73 Clobetasol propionate
3.74 Clobetasone butyrate
3.75 Clocortolone pivalate
3.76 Clonidine 
3.77 Cloprednol
3.78 Clotrimazole
3.79 Cloxyquin
3.80 Coal tar
3.81 Colistimethate
3.82 Colistin
3.83 Collagenase clostridium histolyticum
3.84 Cortisone acetate
3.85 Croconazole
3.86 Cromoglicic acid
3.87 Crotamiton
3.88 Cyclobenzaprine
3.89 Cyclopentolate
3.90 Cyproheptadine
3.91 Desonide
3.92 Desoximetasone
3.93 Dexamethasone
3.94 Dexamethasone acetate
3.95 Dexamethasone phosphate
3.96 Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
3.97 Dexchlorpheniramine
3.98 Dexketoprofen
3.99 Dibekacin
3.100 Dibrompropamidine
3.101 Dibucaine
3.102 Diclofenac
3.103 Diethylstilbestrol
3.104 Diflorasone diacetate
3.105 Diflucortolone valerate
3.106 Difluprednate
3.107 4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazole monohydrochloride
3.108 Diltiazem
3.109 Dimethindene
3.110 Dioxopromethazine
3.111 Diperodon
3.112 Diphenhydramine
3.113 Dipivefrin
3.114 Dithranol
3.115 Dorzolamide
3.116 Doxepin
3.117 Dyclonine
3.118 Echothiophate
3.119 Econazole
3.120 Efinaconazole
3.121 Enilconazole
3.122 Enoxolone
3.123 Ephedrine
3.124 Epinephrine
3.125 Erythromycin
3.126 Estradiol
3.127 Estradiol benzoate
3.128 Estrogens, conjugated
3.129 Ethacridine
3.130 Etisazole
3.131 Etofenamate
3.132 Eucaine
3.133 Felbinac
3.134 Fenoterol
3.135 Fenticonazole
3.136 Fepradinol
3.137 Feprazone
3.138 Fluclorolone acetonide
3.139 Fludrocortisone acetate
3.140 Flufenamic acid 
3.141 Flumethasone pivalate
3.142 Flunisolide
3.143 Fluocinolone acetonide
3.144 Fluocinonide
3.145 Fluocortolone
3.146 Fluocortolone caproate
3.147 Fluocortolone pivalate
3.148 Fluorometholone
3.149 Fluorouracil
3.150 Fluprednidene acetate
3.151 Fluprednisolone
3.152 Flurandrenolide
3.153 Flurbiprofen
3.154 Fluticasone propionate
3.155 Framycetin
3.156 Furaltadone
3.157 Fusidic acid
3.158 Gentamicin
3.159 Glycol salicylate
3.160 Gramicidin
3.161 Halcinonide
3.162 Halometasone
3.163 Haloprogin
3.164 Halquinol
3.165 Hexamidine
3.166 Hexamidine diisethionate
3.167 Hirudoid ® cream
3.168 Homatropine
3.169 Hydrocortisone
3.170 Hydrocortisone aceponate
3.171 Hydrocortisone acetate
3.172 Hydrocortisone butyrate
3.173 Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
3.174 Hydrocortisone probutate
3.175 Hydrocortisone valerate
3.176 Hydroquinone
3.177 Ibacitabine
3.178 Ibuprofen piconol
3.179 Ibuproxam
3.180 Ichthammol
3.181 Idoxuridine
3.182 Indomethacin
3.183 Interferons
3.184 Iodine
3.185 Iodoform
3.186 Iodoquinol
3.187 Iothion
3.188 Isoconazole
3.189 Isoflupredone acetate
3.190 Isothipendyl
3.191 Kanamycin
3.192 Ketoconazole
3.193 Ketoprofen
3.194 Ketorolac tromethamine
3.195 Ketotifen
3.196 Lactic acid
3.197 Lanoconazole
3.198 Latanoprost
3.199 Levobunolol 
3.200 Levocabastine
3.201 Lidocaine
3.202 Lincomycin
3.203 Luliconazole
3.204 Mabuprofen
3.205 Mafenide
3.206 Mazipredone
3.207 Mechlorethamine
3.208 Medrysone
3.209 Mephenesin
3.210 Meprylcaine
3.211 Mesulfen
3.212 Methoxsalen
3.213 Methyl aminolevulinate
3.214 Methyldiphenhydramine
3.215 Methyl nicotinate
3.216 Methylphenidate
3.217 Methylprednisolone
3.218 Methylprednisolone aceponate
3.219 Methylprednisolone acetate
3.220 Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
3.221 Methyl salicylate
3.222 Methyl salicylate 2-ethylbutyrate
3.223 Metipranolol
3.224 Metoprolol
3.225 Metronidazole
3.226 Miconazole
3.227 Minoxidil
3.228 Miscellaneous topical drugs
3.229 Mitomycin C
3.230 Mometasone furoate
3.231 Monobenzone
3.232 Mupirocin
3.233 Naftifine
3.234 Naphazoline
3.235 Neomycin
3.236 Neticonazole
3.237 Nicoboxil
3.238 Nicotine
3.239 Nifuratel 
3.240 Nifuroxime
3.241 Nifurprazine
3.242 Nitrofurazone
3.243 Nitroglycerin
3.244 Nonoxynol-9
3.245 Norethisterone
3.246 Nylidrin
3.247 Nystatin
3.248 Olaflur 
3.249 Oxiconazole
3.250 Oxybuprocaine
3.251 Oxyphenbutazone
3.252 Oxyquinoline
3.253 Oxytetracycline
3.254 Paromomycin
3.255 Pecilocin
3.256 Penicillamine
3.257 Penicillins, unspecified
3.258 Pheniramine
3.259 Phenylbutazone
3.260 Phenylephrine
3.261 Piketoprofen
3.262 Pilocarpine
3.263 Pimecrolimus
3.264 Piperazine
3.265 Pirenoxine
3.266 Piroxicam
3.267 Piroxicam cinnamate
3.268 Polidocanol
3.269 Polymyxin B
3.270 Povidone-iodine
3.271 Pramoxine
3.272 Prednicarbate
3.273 Prednisolone
3.274 Prednisolone acetate
3.275 Prednisolone caproate
3.276 Prednisolone hemisuccinate
3.277 Prednisolone pivalate
3.278 Prednisolone sodium metazoate
3.279 Prednisolone valerate acetate
3.280 Prednisone
3.281 Prilocaine
3.282 Procaine
3.283 Procinonide
3.284 Proflavine
3.285 Promestriene
3.286 Promethazine
3.287 Propanocaine
3.288 Propantheline
3.289 Proparacaine
3.290 Propipocaine
3.291 Propranolol
3.292 Pyrazinobutanone
3.293 Pyridoxine
3.294 Pyrilamine
3.295 Pyrithione zinc
3.296 Pyrrolnitrin
3.297 Quinoline mix
3.298 Resorcinol
3.299 Retapamulin
3.300 Retinol
3.301 Retinyl palmitate
3.302 Rifamycin
3.303 Ripasudil
3.304 Rotigotine
3.305 Rubidium iodide
3.306 Salicylamide
3.307 Salicylic acid
3.308 Scopolamine
3.309 Selenium sulfide
3.310 Sertaconazole
3.311 Silver nitrate
3.312 Sirolimus
3.313 Sisomicin
3.314 Sodium fluoride
3.315 Spaglumic acid
3.316 Spironolactone
3.317 Stannous fluoride 
3.318 Stepronin
3.319 Sulbentine
3.320 Sulconazole
3.321 Sulfacetamide
3.322 Sulfadiazine silver
3.323 Sulfanilamide
3.324 Sulfiram
3.325 Suprofen
3.326 Tacalcitol
3.327 Tacrolimus
3.328 Terconazole
3.329 Testosterone
3.330 Tetracaine
3.331 Tetrachlorodecaoxide
3.332 Tetracycline
3.333 Tetrahydrozoline
3.334 Thiabendazole
3.335 Thiamine
3.336 Thiocolchicoside
3.337 Thioctic acid
3.338 Timolol
3.339 Tioconazole
3.340 Tiopronin
3.341 Tioxolone
3.342 Tixocortol pivalate
3.343 Tobramycin
3.344 Tocopherol
3.345 Tocopheryl acetate
3.346 Tolazoline
3.347 Tolciclate
3.348 Tolnaftate
3.349 Travoprost
3.350 Tretinoin
3.351 Triafur
3.352 Triamcinolone
3.353 Triamcinolone acetonide 
3.354 Triamcinolone diacetate
3.355 Triamcinolone hexacetonide
3.356 Tribenoside
3.357 Triethanolamine polypeptide oleate condensate
3.358 Trifluridine
3.359 Trimebutine 
3.360 Tripelennamine
3.361 Tromantadine
3.362 Tromethamine
3.363 Tropicamide
3.364 Troxerutin
3.365 Tyrothricin
3.366 Undecylenic acid
3.367 Vancomycin
3.368 Virginiamycin
3.369 Xantocillin

Chapter 4 Allergic contact dermatitis to ingredients other than the active drug
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Case series
4.3 Non-drug ingredients that have caused contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis by their presence in topical pharmaceuticals
Chapter 5 Immediate contact reactions (contact urticaria) 
Chapter 6 Systemic drugs and delayed-type hypersensitivity: A preview
6.1 Systemic drugs and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions
6.2 Systemic drugs to be discussed in the next volume of ‘Monographs in contact allergy’

Index

Biography

1980-2002 dermatologist in private practice in two hospitals in ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. PhD 1988: Adverse Reactions to Cosmetics. Author of over 500 publications including 70 book chapters and 14 books, of which 4 are international (mainly for dermatologists) and 10 in Dutch for general practitioners, medical students, skin therapists, podiatrists/pedicures and (parents of) patients with atopic dermatitis. Regularly teaches dermatology to medical students at the University of Groningen. Member of the Editorial Board of the journal Dermatitis (specialized in contact allergy). Co-founder and former 10-year Editor-in-Chief of the Dutch Journal for Dermatology and Venereology.

Anton C. De Groot is an honourary member of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, he was specifically recognised for his contributions to the field through his series Monographs in Contact Allergy and is the recipient of ‘American Contact Dermatitis Society’s 2020 Dermatitis Review Article of the Year’

Further information can be found on the author's website www.patchtesting.info

 

This book on contact allergy to topical drugs is the third in the Monographs in Contact Allergy series written by Anton de Groot. Our department has the previous volumes (1: Non-fragrance allergens in cosmetics, 2: Fragrances and essential oils) in our library and they are frequently consulted. This is again a unique book, packed with practical and easily accessible information. It is up-to-date to August 2020, Anton told me. The incredibly short production time of the book was possible, as the author has again formatted the text completely by himself and all the publisher had to do was to have it printed.

After an introductory chapter, De Groot in chapter 2 gives an overview of all aspects of allergic contact dermatitis from topical drugs, including prevalence, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, the allergens, cross-reactivity and diagnostic procedures. Chapter 3 shows the monographs of topical drugs, 369 in total. These fully discuss the available literature on contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis to each drug in the same format as the previous volumes.

Chapter 4 presents over 150 non-pharmaceutical ingredients of topical drugs that have caused sensitization, e.g. parabens, thimerosal, lanolin alcohol, propylene glycol, fragrances, essential oils, et cetera. Some of these ingredients could never be found by a search in PubMed or any other database. Chapter 5 shows drugs that have caused contact urticaria. Very original is chapter 6, in which the author gives a preview of the drugs that will be discussed in Volume 4 on Systemic drugs. Anton told me that he had originally planned to present the topical and systemic drugs in one volume, but he soon discovered that the subject was far too large for one book. Apparently, he has already found 500 drugs that have caused one or more types of cutaneous adverse drug reaction (e.g. DRESS, AGEP, SDRIFE, fixed drug eruption, maculopapular eruptions) caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity or occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Something to look forward to! The great book is available as both printed and eBook.

-Thomas Rustemeyer

Monographs in Contact Allergy: Topical Drugs by the esteemed author Anton de Groot is the most recent textbook in the Monographs in Contact Allergy series. This book provides an astounding wealth of information for the readers by a comprehensive review of allergic reactions to topical drugs and offering inadept technical and practical information on each drug and associated clinical reactions.

The book is composed of 6 chapters; the first chapter briefs the background, rationale, and inclusion criteria for the pharmaceutical drugs reviewed in the book.

Chapter 2 provides an overview of allergic reactions to topical medicaments, various categories of topical medications, as well as clinical approach
and relevant diagnostic procedures.

Chapter 3 reviews 384 topical drugs causing contact allergy in 369 monographs in alphabetical order.

Each monograph contains thorough information, including the description of the active ingredient, pharmacological class, IUPAC name, synonym names, CAS registry number, European Community number, Merk Index monograph, molecular formula, drawn structure, and recommended patch test preparation(s). In addition, the monographs contain relevant clinical data, including cross-reactivity, coreactivity, photosensitivity, contact urticaria, and more. One monograph briefly reviews 16 "historic"
topical drug allergens that are no longer in use.

Chapter 4 reviews the excipients of topical medications known to cause contact allergy with exhaustive tables and references. Of note, most of these allergens are reviewed in dept in the previous volumes of Monographs in Contact Allergy (Volume-1: Non-Fragrance Allergens in Cosmetics and Volume-2: Fragrances and Essential oils) by the same author. Chapter 5 provides an overview of topical medications associated with immediate contact reactions. In Chapter 6 author offers a preview of systemic drugs causing adverse cutaneous reactions, which will be the subject of exhaustive review in the upcoming volume 4 of Monographs in Contact Allergy.

This reference book is a "must-have" for clinicians, scientists, and all professionals involved in caring for patients with eczematous and occupational dermatoses and practice patch testing.

- Golara Honari, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University