1st Edition
Piping and Pipeline Engineering Design, Construction, Maintenance, Integrity, and Repair
By George A. Antaki
Copyright 2003
564 Pages
by
CRC Press
564 Pages
by
CRC Press
Also available as eBook on:
Taking a big-picture approach, Piping and Pipeline Engineering: Design, Construction, Maintenance, Integrity, and Repair elucidates the fundamental steps to any successful piping and pipeline engineering project, whether it is routine maintenance or a new multi-million dollar project. The author explores the qualitative details, calculations, and techniques that are essential in supporting competent decisions. He pairs coverage of real world practice with the underlying technical principles in materials, design, construction, inspection, testing, and maintenance.
Discover the seven essential principles that will help establish a balance between production, cost, safety, and integrity of piping systems and pipelines
The book includes coverage of codes and standards, design analysis, welding and inspection, corrosion mechanisms, fitness-for-service and failure analysis, and an overview of valve selection and application. It features the technical basis of piping and pipeline code design rules for normal operating conditions and occasional loads and addresses the fundamental principles of materials, design, fabrication, testing and corrosion, and their effect on system integrity.
CODES, STANDARDS AND PRACTICE
A Brief History of Piping Technology
National Codes, Standards and Guides
Piping and Pipeline Codes
Scope of ASME B31 Codes
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Federal and State Laws
ASME Council on Codes and Standards
ASME B16 Standards
API Standards and Recommended Practices
Manufacturers Standardization Society
Pipe Fabrication Institute Standards
American Institute of Steel Construction
American Concrete Institute
NACE
Material Institutes
National Board
Flow Control Institute Standard
Hydraulic Institute Pump Standards
References
FUNDAMENTALS
Competence
At the Engineering Level
At the Corporate Level
MATERIALS
Introduction: A Good Pastry
Ferrous Pipe
Non-Ferrous Pipe
Fabrication of Steel Pipe
Fabrication of Pipe Fittings and Components
Mechanical Properties
Procurement
References
INTERNAL PRESSURE
Pressure Design of Piping
Pressure Design of Plant Piping
Yield and Burst Pressure
Pressure Design of Plastic Pipe
Pressure Rating
Pressure Stress in Fittings
High Pressure Design
Design Pressure
Over-Pressure Protection
Burst Energy
Pipe Specification
Valve Specification
References
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
Buckling Pressure
ASME Code Design
References
LAYOUT AND SUPPORTS
Spacing of Pipe Supports
Sustained Stress
Stress Indices
Design Standards
Selection of Pipe Supports
Design of Standard Support
Design of Steel Frames
Anchorage to Concrete
Layout Rules of Good Practice
References
FLEXIBILITY AND FATIGUE
Layout for Flexibility
Simplified Flexibility Analysis
Fatigue
Smooth Specimen Fatigue
Pipe Component Fatigue
Fatigue Strength of Socket Welds
Fatigue Strength of Butt Welds
ASME B31 Fatigue Rules
Fracture Mechanics Approach
Corrosion Fatigue
Shakedown
Cold Spring
Through-Wall Temperatures
Creep Damage
Pipe Insulation
Expansion Joints
References
VIBRATION
Root Cause
Mechanically Induced Vibration
Vibration Analysis
Hydraulic Induced Vibration
Measuring Vibration
Assessing Vibration Severity
Prevention and Mitigation
References
FLUID TRANSIENTS
Single Liquid Phase
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Waterhammer
Non-Condensable Two-Phase Waterhammer
Stress Analysis
References
WIND DESIGN
Wind Damage
Wind Pressure
Vortex Shedding
Wind-Borne Missiles
References
SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT
The Seismic Challenge
Seismic Specification
Rules of Good Practice
Seismic Analysis Techniques
Seismic Input Based on IBC
Seismic Response Spectra
Seismic Qualification
Shake Table Testing
Seismic Interactions
References
EXPLOSIONS
Deflagration and Detonation
Dynamic Loads
Dynamic Properties
Pressure Limits
Design Criteria
Explosion Protection
External Explosions
References
SUBSEA PIPELINES
Subsea Pipeline Safety
Design Process
Internal Pressure
External Pressure
Pipe Lowering
On-Bottom Stability
Pipeline Flotation
Fatigue Design
Hook and Pull
References
BURIED PIPE
To Bury or not to Bury
Internal Pressure
Soil Loads
Surface Loads
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
Ground Movement
Seismic
References
WELDING
Shop and Field Welding
Welding Processes
Weld Defects
Codes, Standards and Practice
Post-Weld Heat Treatment
In-Service Welding
Surfacing Techniques
References
EXAMINATION
Visual Examination
Magnetic Particles Testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Eddy Current Testing
Acoustic Emission Testing
Thermography
Measurement Accuracy
Type and Extent of Examinations
Acceptance Criteria
Personnel Certification
Pipeline Pigs
References
PIPE FLANGE
Flange Standards
Flange Types
Flange Gaskets
Flange Faces
Flange Ratings
Flange Bolt Torque
External Loads
Assembly of Pipe Flanges
Nuts and Bolts
Maintenance
References
MECHANICAL JOINTS
What they Are
Swage Firings
Grooved Fittings
In Conclusion
LEAK AND PRESSURE TEST
Leak Test and Pressure Test 3
Leak and Pressure Test Methods
Choice of Test Method
Conduct of Test
Isolation
Locating Leaks Underground
References
DEGRADATION IN SERVICE
A Critical Decision
General Corrosion
Galvanic Corrosion
Erosion Corrosion
Environmental Effects
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
High Temperature Effects
Mechanical Damage
Lining and Coating
Corrosion Inhibitors
Material Selection
References
FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
Fitness-for-Service
Wall Thinning
Crack Flaws
Mechanical Damage
References
MAINTENANCE, RELIABILITY AND FAILURE ANALYSIS
Case History
Maintenance Objective
Maintenance Plan
Maintenance Strategies
Corrective Maintenance
Failure Modes
Pro-Active Maintenance
PDM Techniques
Reliability
Maintenance and the Construction Codes
Elements of Failure Analysis
References
REPAIR TECHNIQUES
Repair Strategy
Replacement
Grinding Out Defects
Weld Overlay
Full Encirclement Sleeve
Fillet Welded Patch
Flush Welded Patch
Welded Leak Box
Mechanical Clamp
Composite Overwrap
Buried Pipe Rehabilitation
Brushed and Sprayed Lining and Coating
Pipe Straightening
References
PLASTIC PIPE
Plastic Form
Size
Chemical Resistance
Physical and Mechanical Properties
Pressure Design
Pressure Cycling Fatigue
Pressure Design of Fittings
Support Spacing
Fabrication and Examination
Bonding Qualification
References
VALVES
Overview
Gate Valves
Globe Valves
Plug Valves
Ball Valves
Butterfly Valves
Diaphragm Valves
Check Valves
Safety and Relief Valves
Control Valves
Sizing Gas Control Valves
Valve Actuators
Closure Test
References
APPENDIX STANDARD PIPE SIZES
INDEX
A Brief History of Piping Technology
National Codes, Standards and Guides
Piping and Pipeline Codes
Scope of ASME B31 Codes
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Federal and State Laws
ASME Council on Codes and Standards
ASME B16 Standards
API Standards and Recommended Practices
Manufacturers Standardization Society
Pipe Fabrication Institute Standards
American Institute of Steel Construction
American Concrete Institute
NACE
Material Institutes
National Board
Flow Control Institute Standard
Hydraulic Institute Pump Standards
References
FUNDAMENTALS
Competence
At the Engineering Level
At the Corporate Level
MATERIALS
Introduction: A Good Pastry
Ferrous Pipe
Non-Ferrous Pipe
Fabrication of Steel Pipe
Fabrication of Pipe Fittings and Components
Mechanical Properties
Procurement
References
INTERNAL PRESSURE
Pressure Design of Piping
Pressure Design of Plant Piping
Yield and Burst Pressure
Pressure Design of Plastic Pipe
Pressure Rating
Pressure Stress in Fittings
High Pressure Design
Design Pressure
Over-Pressure Protection
Burst Energy
Pipe Specification
Valve Specification
References
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
Buckling Pressure
ASME Code Design
References
LAYOUT AND SUPPORTS
Spacing of Pipe Supports
Sustained Stress
Stress Indices
Design Standards
Selection of Pipe Supports
Design of Standard Support
Design of Steel Frames
Anchorage to Concrete
Layout Rules of Good Practice
References
FLEXIBILITY AND FATIGUE
Layout for Flexibility
Simplified Flexibility Analysis
Fatigue
Smooth Specimen Fatigue
Pipe Component Fatigue
Fatigue Strength of Socket Welds
Fatigue Strength of Butt Welds
ASME B31 Fatigue Rules
Fracture Mechanics Approach
Corrosion Fatigue
Shakedown
Cold Spring
Through-Wall Temperatures
Creep Damage
Pipe Insulation
Expansion Joints
References
VIBRATION
Root Cause
Mechanically Induced Vibration
Vibration Analysis
Hydraulic Induced Vibration
Measuring Vibration
Assessing Vibration Severity
Prevention and Mitigation
References
FLUID TRANSIENTS
Single Liquid Phase
Two-Phase Vapor-Liquid Waterhammer
Non-Condensable Two-Phase Waterhammer
Stress Analysis
References
WIND DESIGN
Wind Damage
Wind Pressure
Vortex Shedding
Wind-Borne Missiles
References
SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT
The Seismic Challenge
Seismic Specification
Rules of Good Practice
Seismic Analysis Techniques
Seismic Input Based on IBC
Seismic Response Spectra
Seismic Qualification
Shake Table Testing
Seismic Interactions
References
EXPLOSIONS
Deflagration and Detonation
Dynamic Loads
Dynamic Properties
Pressure Limits
Design Criteria
Explosion Protection
External Explosions
References
SUBSEA PIPELINES
Subsea Pipeline Safety
Design Process
Internal Pressure
External Pressure
Pipe Lowering
On-Bottom Stability
Pipeline Flotation
Fatigue Design
Hook and Pull
References
BURIED PIPE
To Bury or not to Bury
Internal Pressure
Soil Loads
Surface Loads
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
Ground Movement
Seismic
References
WELDING
Shop and Field Welding
Welding Processes
Weld Defects
Codes, Standards and Practice
Post-Weld Heat Treatment
In-Service Welding
Surfacing Techniques
References
EXAMINATION
Visual Examination
Magnetic Particles Testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Eddy Current Testing
Acoustic Emission Testing
Thermography
Measurement Accuracy
Type and Extent of Examinations
Acceptance Criteria
Personnel Certification
Pipeline Pigs
References
PIPE FLANGE
Flange Standards
Flange Types
Flange Gaskets
Flange Faces
Flange Ratings
Flange Bolt Torque
External Loads
Assembly of Pipe Flanges
Nuts and Bolts
Maintenance
References
MECHANICAL JOINTS
What they Are
Swage Firings
Grooved Fittings
In Conclusion
LEAK AND PRESSURE TEST
Leak Test and Pressure Test 3
Leak and Pressure Test Methods
Choice of Test Method
Conduct of Test
Isolation
Locating Leaks Underground
References
DEGRADATION IN SERVICE
A Critical Decision
General Corrosion
Galvanic Corrosion
Erosion Corrosion
Environmental Effects
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
High Temperature Effects
Mechanical Damage
Lining and Coating
Corrosion Inhibitors
Material Selection
References
FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
Fitness-for-Service
Wall Thinning
Crack Flaws
Mechanical Damage
References
MAINTENANCE, RELIABILITY AND FAILURE ANALYSIS
Case History
Maintenance Objective
Maintenance Plan
Maintenance Strategies
Corrective Maintenance
Failure Modes
Pro-Active Maintenance
PDM Techniques
Reliability
Maintenance and the Construction Codes
Elements of Failure Analysis
References
REPAIR TECHNIQUES
Repair Strategy
Replacement
Grinding Out Defects
Weld Overlay
Full Encirclement Sleeve
Fillet Welded Patch
Flush Welded Patch
Welded Leak Box
Mechanical Clamp
Composite Overwrap
Buried Pipe Rehabilitation
Brushed and Sprayed Lining and Coating
Pipe Straightening
References
PLASTIC PIPE
Plastic Form
Size
Chemical Resistance
Physical and Mechanical Properties
Pressure Design
Pressure Cycling Fatigue
Pressure Design of Fittings
Support Spacing
Fabrication and Examination
Bonding Qualification
References
VALVES
Overview
Gate Valves
Globe Valves
Plug Valves
Ball Valves
Butterfly Valves
Diaphragm Valves
Check Valves
Safety and Relief Valves
Control Valves
Sizing Gas Control Valves
Valve Actuators
Closure Test
References
APPENDIX STANDARD PIPE SIZES
INDEX
Biography
George A. Antaki, Lynn Faulkner
