1st Edition

Reactive Oxygen Metabolites Chemistry and Medical Consequences

By Manfred K. Eberhardt Copyright 2001
    608 Pages 100 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    In recent years, the field of radical chemistry has undergone explosive growth. Although its roots lie in organic chemistry, the implications of its findings are having enormous impact in a broad range of disciplines, and we now have evidence for radical involvement in over 100 diseases. As important as this is, however, the subject of radicals and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) is complex and barely touched upon in the curriculum of medical schools.

    Reactive Oxygen Metabolites brings the subject within the grasp of even those with little preparation in chemistry. From the basic chemistry of radicals through the pathology, the author provides a clear and thorough introduction to ROMs and their importance to human health and disease. Exhaustively researched and referenced, this highly readable work will give you the ability to critically analyze and evaluate many pathological problems arising from the chemistry of ROMs and reduce them to their lowest common denominator. It is the ideal vehicle for people who need to understand the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in human health and disease but have neither the time, the inclination, nor perhaps the background to work their way through the mountain of original literature.

    THE PROS AND CONS OF LIVING IN AN OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE
    BASIC CHEMISTRY OF RADICALS
    Definition and History
    Formation of Radicals
    Reactions of Radicals
    CHEMISTRY OF OXYGEN-DERIVED RADICALS
    Historical Perspective
    Definitions
    One-Electron Reduction of Oxygen
    Superoxide Radical Anion
    Peroxyl Radicals
    Hydroxyl Radical
    CHEMISTRY OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED STATES
    Singlet Oxygen
    Excited Carbonyl Compounds
    FORMATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES IN VIVO
    Introduction
    Mitochondrial Electron Transport
    Hemoproteins
    Flavin-Linked Oxidases
    The Microsomal Enzymme System
    Phagocytosis
    Electronically Excited Carbonyl
    Compounds via Enzymatic Oxidations
    Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)
    REACTIONS OF REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES WITH IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES
    General Remarks about Oxygen Radical Investigations
    Reactions of Hydroxyl Radicals with Fatty Acids
    Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation-Induced Pathogenesis
    Chemistry of Oxygen Radical Damage to DNA
    DNA Damage via Electronically Excited States
    Biological Markers for in vivo Oxidative Damage
    NITRIC OXIDE
    Chemical Formation of Nitric Oxide
    Chemistry of Nitric Oxide
    Important Reactions in the Deactivation of Nitric Oxide
    Reactions of Nitrogen Dioxide
    Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase
    The Chemical Nature of EDRF
    Chemistry of Peroxynitrite-Peroxynitrous Acid
    The Role of Peroxzynitrite-Peroxynitrous Acid in vivo
    Protective Effect of Nitric Oxide in Oxygen Radical Induced Damage
    Toxicity of Nitric Oxide via Release of Fe(II) from Ferritin
    Protein Derived Radicals and Nitric Oxide
    ANTIOXIDANTS
    Introduction
    Superoxide Dismutases
    Reactions of Oxygen and Oxygen Radicals with Ascorbic Acid
    Uric Acid
    Melatonin
    Vitamin E
    Antioxidan and Prooxidant Activity of Flavonoids
    Carotenoids
    Proteins which form Complexes with Transition-Metal Ions
    Peptides as Antioxidants
    Do Antioxidants Prevent Diseases in vivo?
    PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES
    Introduction
    Aging and Cancer
    Inflammation, Cell Division, and Cancer
    Neurodegenerative Disorders
    Lung Diseases
    Atherosclerosis
    Ischemia-Reperfusion
    Oxidative Stress and Lifestyle
    CONCLUSION
    REFERENCES

    Biography

    Manfred K. Eberhardt

    "The author discusses the basic chemistry of reactive oxygen metabolites with great expertise and then applies this knowledge to the analysis of pathological processes. It is a treasure trove of information, but does not overwhelm and is fun to read. Due to the ever increasing importance of reactive oxygen metabolites, this text should be required reading in medical schools."
    --Angel A. Roman Franco, M.D.
    "…To write a single-authored, compact introductory text which encompasses all the different aspects of ROM chemistry, biology and pathology is a challenging task: the author has succeeded formidably…The text is throughout well referenced. It not only represents an easy to read overview of this complex interdisciplinary subject of biological and medical relevance, but serves also as a fountain of valuable information for more in-depth considerations. As an introductory text, this book should have wide appeal and is highly recommended. It should be a welcomed text for a special topic course at the interphase of chemistry, biology and medicine: I certainly would adopt it for my course at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level."
    - Prof. Dr. W. Adam, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg