1st Edition
Safety Management Near Miss Identification, Recognition, and Investigation
Close calls, narrow escapes, or near hits. History has shown repeatedly that these "near-miss" incidents often precede loss producing events, but are largely ignored or go unreported because nothing (no injury, damage or loss) happened. Thus, many opportunities to prevent the accidents that the organization has not yet had are lost. Recognizing and reporting "near-miss" incidents can make a major difference to the safety of workers within organizations.
Supported by more than 30 years of international safety experience and research, Safety Management: Near Miss Identification, Recognition, and Investigation discusses the safety philosophy behind "near-miss" incidents and clearly demonstrates the accident sequence showing the Three Luck Factors that determine the outcome of the event. The author highlights the fortuity of the event and how a simple risk assessment can be used to identify the causes of the event and rectify them. He also explains the management functions of safety and how they relate to "near-miss" incidents.
- Explains and reaffirms safety philosophies first proposed more than 80 years ago
- Applies the technique of risk assessment on "near-miss" incidents to identify high potential loss events
- Includes real-life examples of "near-miss" incidents to support the importance of "near-miss" recognition and investigation
- Provides examples of reporting forms, report tracking and "near-miss" incident awareness training on www.crcpress.com
"Near-miss" incidents are truly the foundation of major injuries, the building blocks of accidents, and warning signs that loss is imminent. They can also form the impetus for proactive, preventative actions. This book explores how to implement a "near-miss" incident identification, recognition, investigation, and rectification program.
Introduction
Clearing the Confusion
Minor Injury Is Not a Near Miss Incident
Near Miss Incidents
Accidents versus Near Miss Incidents
Accidents, Near Miss Incidents, and Injuries
Definitions: Injuries and Diseases
Accident Sequence
A Measure of Safety
Conclusion
The Safety Philosophy behind Near Miss Incidents
Introduction
Tracking Near Miss Incidents
Near Miss—or Near Hit?
Benefits
Examples of Near Miss Incidents
Red Flags
A Gift
Precursors to Accidents
Heed the Warnings
High Potential for Loss
Facts about Near Miss Incidents
Contact (Energy Exchange) Types
Business Interruption
The Accident Ratios
The Accident Ratio Conclusion
Preventative Opportunities
Immediate Accident Causes
Traditional Research
Exchange of Energy and Contact
Injury, Damage, or Loss
Conclusion
Safety Management Functions That Relate to Near Miss Incidents
Introduction
Management Leadership
Positive Behavior Reinforcement
What Is a Manager?
Basic Management Functions
Safety Management Principles Relating to Near Miss Incidents
Professional Safety Management Principles
Safety Management Principles
Safety Success viz-a-viz Management Leadership
Conclusion
Near Miss Incidents, Myths and Safety Paradigms
No Injury—No Accident (No Blood, No Foul)
Why Injuries Are Seen as "Safety"
Damage
Accident Ratios
Risk Assessment
Iceberg Effect
Near Miss Incidents Aren’t Important: A Paradigm
Injury-Free Culture
Near Miss Incidents Not Reported
Warnings in Advance
Luck Factors
Space Shuttle Columbia
Conclusion
Safety and Health Policies
Introduction
Safety and Health Policy
Conclusion
Near Miss Incident Risk Management and Assessment
Introduction
The Risk Management Process
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Safety Management Control
Risk Ranking of Near Miss Incidents
Conclusion
Safety Auditing
Introduction
Reasons for Audits
Benefits of Audits
How Does an Audit Work?
Who Should Conduct Audits?
The Audit Program
How to Do an Audit Inspection
Internationally Accepted Audit-Based Safety Systems
Conclusion
Near Miss Incident and Accident Recall
Introduction
Reporting
A Matter of Luck
Recalling the Near Miss Incident
Benefits of Near Miss Incident Recall
Benefits of Accident Recall
Precontact and Postcontact Activities
Discipline
Methods of Recall
Major Loss Briefing
Safety Stand Down
Accident Recall Aids
Acting upon Near Miss Incident Recall
Risk Assessment
Conclusion
How to Motivate for Safety
Introduction
Motivation
Create the Right Environment
The Hawthorne Effect
Foundation of Motivationxi Contents
The Ten Rules of Safety Motivation
Pushing the String
Implementing a Near Miss Incident System: Introduction
How to Make It Happen
Observations
Recognizing Reported Safe Work
Safety Suggestions and Recommendations
Constraints
Understanding
Benefits
Buy-In
Reporting
No Names
Resistance to Change
Barriers to Reporting
Long-Time Employee
Implementing a Near Miss Incident Reporting System: Implementaion
Setting the Standard
What Are Critical Safety and Health System Elements?
Safety and Health Management System (Program)
Implementing a Near Miss Incident Reporting System: Follow Up
Introduction
Reporting System Follow Up
Main Requirements
Conclusion
Investigating High Potential Near Miss Incidents
No Difference
Purpose
Accident/Near Miss Incident Investigation Facts
Postcontact versus Precontact
Potential Losses and Risk Ranking of Probabilities
Benefits of Accident and Near Miss Incident Investigation
Principle of Multiple Causes
Principle of Definition
The Golden Rule of Accident and Near Miss Incident Investigation
Who Should Investigate?
Investigation Form
Near Miss Incident/Accident Investigation Procedure
Lost Opportunities
Conclusion
Summary
Safety in the Shadows
Summary of the Book
Conclusion
References
Index
Biography
Ron C. McKinnon
