1st Edition
The Future of Entrepreneurship in Africa Cross-Sectoral Perspectives Post COVID-19
Thsi book focuses on entrepreneurial development and the development of small businesses in Africa. The central idea of this book is that entrepreneurial development and small business development are connected. Entrepreneurship is lauded as an engine of growth (economic development and job creation), with small businesses often contributing to new job creation. Also, entrepreneurship and small business development are the heart of many countries’ economies. The decision to focus on entrepreneurial development and small business development is that first, there is a consensus that most entrepreneurial activities are aimed at creating small new ventures. Second, countries that give special attention to entrepreneurship stand a chance of industrialization. Third, Africa has been reported as having a rich entrepreneurial landscape as the continent’s wealthiest individuals generated their wealth as trailblazing entrepreneurs. Fourth, small-scale entrepreneurs and businesses form the backbone of economic activities across the continent. A motivation to focus on entrepreneurial and small business development is the generally accepted view that start-ups in Africa are growing calling for understanding into how to enhance productivity, efficiencies, and application of new technologies.
The book aims to enhance the understanding of stakeholders (business owners, governments, practitioners) to overturn challenges such as inadequate start-up capital, competition, lack of employees with the right skills, and low use of technology. The ability to develop entrepreneurship in Africa, and the role of small-medium enterprises cannot be underestimated. The promotion of entrepreneurship in Africa is crucial as it creates jobs, provides decent livelihoods, and contributes to GDP. Most entrepreneurial initiatives in developing economies entail identifying opportunities and new venture creation. It is worth recognizing that most new ventures created take the form of small businesses and the entrepreneurial processes involve entrepreneurs’ knowledge and skills, identifying opportunities, involvement in setting up a business and managing the business.
The various aspects of this book focus on many entrepreneurial activities that are undertaken on the African continent. This book is focused on African countries since there is a reason to be optimistic about the prospects for growth and entrepreneurship. To achieve entrepreneurial success in African countries, the African Development Bank (2021) proposes that there must be a link between macro and firm-level characteristics that will serve as the mix of entrepreneurship in societies.
This book, therefore, considers some macro-level factors such as education, training, and skills development, technological developments, government programs, and entrepreneurial challenges and opportunities. At the firm-level, this book focuses on entrepreneurial initiatives such as branding and marketing.
Chapter ONE
Introduction
Africa’s Entrepreneurship Policy and Development Climate
Entrepreneurial Development in Africa; Enhancement of marketing capabilities and international entrepreneurship
Strategising for international entrepreneurship
Strategising gender dynamics for entrepreneurial growth of Africa
Structure of the book
References
CHAPTER TWO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP REALITIES IN THE LIGHT OF COVID-19 IN GHANA
Abstract
What is Entrepreneurship?
The COVID- 19 Scourge and Entrepreneurship in Ghana
Nature of Entrepreneurship in Ghana
Sports Entrepreneurship and Covid-19
Micro-Entrepreneurship and COVID-19
Digital Entrepreneurship and COVID-19 in Ghana
Entrepreneurial Orientation and COVID-19 in Ghana
Social Entrepreneurs and COVID-19 in Ghana
Mitigation Efforts on COVID-19
References
CHAPTER THREE
Challenges and prospects of informal entrepreneurs in Accra: lessons from Agbogbloshie market
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Institutional Theory and the Informal economy
Motivation factor for informal sector participation
Challenges within the Informal Sector
Prospects of Informal Entrepreneurship
Research Methodology
Results and Discussions
Findings
Reasons for Informal Participation
Menial nature of the job
Temporary Nature of the Business
Low self-esteem
Challenges faced by informal entrepreneurs in Accra
Constant Harassment from City Authorities
Invasion of Counterfeit Goods
Informal Institutions- A Challenge?
Curbing the Challenges
Prospects
Discussion
Harassment by City Authorities as a Challenge to Informal Entrepreneurs
Invasion of Counterfeit Goods as a Limitation to Informal business growth
Activities of Queens/Kings as a Constraint to Informal Entrepreneurs’ Business Expansion
Low Self-Esteem as a Constraint for Curbing Informal Entrepreneurship Challenge
Informal Entrepreneurship Serves as Employment Opportunities/Product Innovation
Conclusions
Recommendations
Future Directions for Research
REFERENCES
CHAPTER FOUR
Internationalisation of Rural Business Marketing
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature on Internationalisation of Rural Business Marketing
Governance and Political Barriers
Legal and Regulatory Barriers
Economic and Financial Barriers
Social and Cultural Barriers
Technological Barriers
Conceptual Model and Hypothesis Development
Research Methodology
Findings and Results
Evaluation of the measurement model
Assessment of Higher Order Model
Discussion
Summary of Findings
Limitations and Future Research Directions
Chapter Summary
CHAPTER FIVE
Exploring potentialities and limits of internationalization of high-technology family-owned start-ups in Africa: a PESTEL perspective
Abstract
Introduction
High technology start-ups
Family-owned startups
Internationalisation of family-owned start-ups
PESTEL perspectives on internationalization of high-technology family-owned start-ups.
Political factors
Economic factors
Social factors
Technological factors
Environmental factors
Legal factors
Diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory
Information Technology Diffusion Theory (ITDT)
Theoretical Application to the study
Conclusions and recommendations
References
CHAPTER SIX
Marketing Strategies and Performance of Second-hand Spare parts Dealerships: The role of Environmental Dynamism
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Marketing Strategies
Influence of Marketing Strategies on Business Performance
Environmental dynamics as a moderator between marketing strategies and performance
Methodology
Research Design
Data collection
Measures
Analytical Techniques
Results
Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
Descriptive analysis
Correlation Analysis
Moderating Analysis
Regression Analysis
Conclusions and Implications
Future Research Directions
References
References
Appendix 1: Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
CHAPTER SEVEN
Female entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: A Ghanaian outlook
Abstract
Introduction
The Tourism Industry at a Glance: An African Perspective
Understanding the Composition of the Tourism Industry
The Tourism Industry in Ghana Explained
Women Entrepreneurship: A Holistic Perspective
Women Entrepreneurship in the Tourism Sector of Africa: An overview
The Role of Female Entrepreneurs in the Tourism Industry in Ghana
Methodology
Assessing Female Entrepreneurs in Transportation and Communication Sector
Female Entrepreneurs in Service and Facilities
Female Entrepreneurs in Attractions sub-Sector
Female Entrepreneurs in Information, Promotion, and Direction
Conclusions
Policy Implications
References
CHAPTER EIGHT
Gender perspectives of African SMEs: The role of formal and informal institutional contexts
Introduction
Women-owned SMEs and Africa’s institutional context
Formal institutional context
Informal institutional context
The interconnectedness between women’s SMEs, formal and informal institutional contexts in SSA
Summary and conclusions
References
CHAPTER NINE
Women's Access to Financial Capital and High-Growth Enterprises
Abstract
Introduction
Institution and Resource-based theories
Ease of Doing Business in Africa
Determinants of Productivity and Firm Growth
Growth and Level of Entrepreneurial Activity
Institution and Ease of Doing Business
Social Cultural barriers
Infrastructural Challenges
Access to Financial Capital and Women Entrepreneurship
Discussion, Conclusion and Implications
References
Chapter Ten
Policy and Managerial Implications for entrepreneurial Practice in Africa
Introduction
Conclusions on the role of Marketing on Entrepreneurial success of SMEs
Conclusions on internationalization of SMEs
A Discussion of gendered (women) perspectives in promoting entrepreneurship
References
Biography
Professor Robert Ebo Hinson is the Deputy Vice Chancellor at the University of Kigali. He is also an Extraordinary Professor at the Northwest University Business School and Visiting Professor of Marketing at the Lincoln International Business School. He is also a Professor of Marketing at the University of Ghana and has twenty-three monographs and edited volumes to his name. He was ranked in 2021, the leading marketing scholar in Africa (https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist.php?id=89518). Kojo Kakra Twum is a lecturer at Presbyterian University College, Ghana. His research interest is focused on entrepreneurial development in higher education in Africa. He has published in entrepreneurship Journals such as Entrepreneurship Education. He recently co-edited a book on Responsible Management in Emerging Markets (https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist.php?id=89518). Paul Agu Igwe is a senior lecturer in Strategy and Enterprise with Lincoln International Business School, UK. He has led research projects which include African Enterprise Project, DFID/AFCAP Transport and Entrepreneurship Project, and European SMEs competitiveness project. He is published in Business Strategy and Development, Studies in Higher Education, International Journal of Emerging Markets, and the Thunderbird International Business Review. David Rugara is the Head of International Office at Lincoln International Business School, UK. His research interest is focused on entrepreneurship, and he is published in the Thunderbird International Business Review’. Patient Rambe is a Research Professor in Entrepreneurship, a C2 Rated Scientist of National Research Foundation, Director of Center for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Studies and Leader of entrepreneurship and Innovation Cluster of Higher Education Regional Development in Central Region in South Africa and is the Acting Chair: Faculty Research and Innovation Committee, Department of Business Support Studies, Centra University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa.