2522 Pages
    by Routledge

    Science is one of the main features of the contemporary world, and shapes our lives to an extent that has no precedents in history. Yet science as we know it today is the outcome of contingent social processes, and its global success is far from self-explanatory. How did it happen? How did science emerge in history and became the most authoritative source of knowledge available in late modern societies? This set of volumes addresses these crucial questions through a selection of exemplary publications spanning antiquity to the present day. The reader will find an effective survey of the best scholarship in this rapidly growing field, and a map of the main revolutions as well as the long-term continuities that have characterized our understanding the world and our attempts to control it. The collection brings together areas of inquiry that have become increasingly distant and specialized, such as the history of antique science or Cold War studies, within broader narratives of the making of the modern world. They also reassess the traditional assumption of the exclusively Greek and Western origins of modern science, situating relevant knowledge, practices, and artefacts within the global networks that sustained them: in ancient as well as in modern times. The gathered materials address key historiographical issues, such as the relationship between science, magic, and religion; the role of science in nation-building processes; and the relationship between science and technology.

     

    Contents

    Volume I Ancient Science

    Acknowledgements

    1 Hellenophilia versus the history of science

    David Pingree

    2 Affinities and elisions: Helen and Hellenocentrism

    Heinrich von Staden

    3 The historiography of Mesopotamian science

    Francesca Rochberg

    4 Egyptian mathematical texts and their contexts

    Annette Imhausen

    5 The adaptation of Babylonian methods in Greek numerical astronomy

    Alexander Jones

    6 Science in antiquity: the Greek and Chinese cases and their relevance to the problems of culture and cognition

    Geoffrey Lloyd

    7 Making up progress – in ancient Greek science writing

    Markus Asper

    8 Imagination and layered ontology in Greek mathematics

    Reviel Netz

    9 Hero of Alexandria’s mechanical geometry

    Karin Tybjerg

    10 A Roman engineer’s tales

    Serafina Cuomo

    11 Cicero’s astronomy

    E. Gee

    12 Machines, power and the ancient economy

    Andrew Wilson

    13 Women, writing and medicine in the classical world

    Rebecca Flemming

    14 Observers, objects, and the embedded eye; or, seeing and knowing in Ptolemy and Galen

    Daryn Lehoux

    15 The fundamental issues of the Chinese sciences

    Geoffrey Lloyd and Nathan Sivin

    16 Shock and awe: the performance dimension of Galen’s anatomy demonstrations

    Maud W. Gleason

    Volume II Medieval Science

    Acknowledgements

    17 When did modern science begin?

    Edward Grant

    18 Science and the early Christian church

    David C. Lindberg

    19 Situating Arabic science: locality versus essence

    A. I. Sabra

    20 The logic of non-Western science: mathematical discoveries in medieval India

    David Pingree

    21 Occult science and society in Byzantium: considerations for future research

    Maria Mavroudi

    22 Natural theology and the Qur’an

    Robert G. Morrison

    23 Freeing astronomy from philosophy: an aspect of Islamic influence on science

    F. Jamil Ragep

    24 The transmission of Arabic astronomy via Antioch and Pisa in the second quarter of the twelfth century

    Charles Burnett

    25 Cosmology and cosmogony in Doresh Reshumoth, a thirteenth-century commentary on the Torah

    Y. Tzvi Langermann

    26 A ‘college of astrology and medicine’? Charles V, Gervais Chrétien, and the scientific manuscripts of Maître Gervais’s College

    Jean-Patrice Boudet

    27 The Jesus hermaphrodite: science and sex difference in premodern Europe

    Leah DeVun

    28 Gendering the history of women’s healthcare

    Monica H. Green

    29 The impact of money on the development of fourteenth-century scientific thought

    Joel Kaye

    30 Technology and alchemical debate in the late Middle Ages

    William Newman

    31 Defining the boundaries of the natural in the fifteenth-century Brittany: the inquest into the miracles of Saint Vincent Ferrer (d. 1419)

    Laura Smoller

    Volume III Early Modern Science

    Acknowledgements

    32 The scientific revolution: a spoke in the wheel?

    Roy Porter

    33 Did science have a renaissance?

    Brian P. Copenhaver

    34 A sixteenth-century Arabic critique of Ptolemaic astronomy: the work of Shams al-Dīn al-Khafrī

    George Saliba

    35 A scholarly intermediary between the Ottoman Empire and Renaissance Europe

    Robert Morrison

    36 Animism and empiricism: Copernican physics and the origins of William Gilbert’s experimental method

    John Henry

    37 Knowledge in motion: following itineraries of matter in the early modern world

    Pamela H. Smith

    38 Galileo the emblem maker

    Mario Biagioli

    39 Possessing the past: the material world of the Italian Renaissance

    Paula Findlen

    40 Dissecting the female body: from women’s secrets to the secrets of nature

    Katherine Park

    41 Miracles, experiments, and the ordinary course of nature

    Peter Dear

    42 The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England

    Steven Shapin

    43 Alchemy restored

    Lawrence M. Principe

    44 Body and passions: materialism and the early modern state

    Harold J. Cook

    45 Patterns of transformation in seventeenth-century mechanics

    Domenico Bertoloni Meli

    46 Descartes’s geometry as spiritual exercise

    Matthew L. Jones

    47 On Yeti and being just: carving the borders of humanity in early modern China

    Carla Nappi

    Volume IV Science in the Age of Enlightenment

    Acknowledgements

    48 Science in the Enlightenment, revisited

    Jan Golinski

    49 Situating science in global history: local exchanges and networks of circulation

    Lissa Roberts

    50 Enlightened automata

    Simon Schaffer

    51 The role of musical analogies in Newton’s optical and cosmological work

    Niccolò Guicciardini

    52 Newton for ladies: gentility, gender and radical culture

    Massimo Mazzotti

    53 Machines in the garden

    Jessica Riskin

    54 French engineers become professionals; or, how meritocracy made knowledge objective

    Ken Alder

    55 The fiscal logic of enlightened German science

    André Wakefield

    56 Enlightenment calculations

    Lorraine Daston

    57 Global knowledge on the move: itineraries, Amerindian narratives, and deep histories of science

    Neil Safier

    58 Colonial encounters and the forging of new knowledge and national identities: Great Britain and India, 1760–1850

    Kapil Raj

    59 Visible empire: scientific expeditions and visual culture in the Hispanic enlightenment

    Daniela Bleichmar

    60 Medical experimentation and race in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world

    Londa Schiebinger

    61 Salon, academy, and boudoir: generation and desire in Maupertuis’s science of life

    Mary Terrall

    62 Nature as a marketplace: the political economy of Linnaean botany

    Staffan Müller-Wille

    63 Experimental spaces and the knowledge economy

    Larry Stewart

    64 The ghost of Rostow: science, culture and the British industrial revolution

    William J. Ashworth

    Volume V The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences

    Acknowledgements

    65 Quantification and the accounting ideal in science

    Theodore M. Porter

    66 The organic roots of Mendeleev’s periodic law

    Michael D. Gordin

    67 Einstein’s clocks: the place of time

    Peter Galison

    68 "An expedition to heal the wounds of war": the 1919 eclipse and Eddington as Quaker adventurer

    Matthew Stanley

    69 Worldviews and physicists’ experience of disciplinary change: on the uses of ‘classical’ physics

    Richard Staley

    70 Objectivity and the scientist: Heisenberg rethinks

    Cathryn Carson

    71 Freedom, collectivism, and quasiparticles: social metaphors in quantum physics

    Alexei Kojevnikov

    72 When computers were women

    Jennifer S. Light

    73 Stick-figure realism: conventions, reification, and the persistence of Feynman diagrams, 1948–1964

    David Kaiser

    74 What difference did computers make?

    Jon Agar

    75 Negotiating arithmetic, constructing proof: the sociology of mathematics and information technology

    Donald MacKenzie

    76 Negotiating global nuclearities: apartheid, decolonization, and the Cold War in the making of the IAEA

    Gabrielle Hecht

    Volume VI The Modern Life and Earth Sciences

    Acknowledgements

    77 Artisan botany

    Anne Secord

    78 The creed of science and its critics

    Bernard Lightman

    79 Science "gone native" in colonial India

    Gyan Prakash

    80 Race and language in the Darwinian tradition (and what Darwin’s language–species parallels have to do with it)

    Gregory Radick

    81 After the double helix: Rosalin Franklin’s research on Tobacco mosaic virus

    Angela N. H. Creager and Gregory J. Morgan

    82 Life, DNA and the model

    Robert Bud

    83 Making males aggressive and females coy: gender across the animal-human boundary

    Erika Lorraine Milam

    84 Towards a data base of dreams: assembling an archive of elusive materials, c. 1947–61

    Rebecca Lemov

    85 The ontology of the enemy: Norbert Wiener and the cybernetic vision’

    Peter Galison

    86 Communicating the north: scientific practice and Canadian postwar identity

    Edward Jones-Imhotep

    87 "Collective monitoring, collective defense": science, earthquakes, and politics in communist China

    Fa-ti Fan

    88 Challenging knowledge: how climate science became a victim of the Cold War

    Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway

    89 Imperial climatographies from Tyrol to Turkestan

    Deborah R. Coen

    90 Meteorology as infrastructural globalism

    Paul N. Edwards

    Index

     

     

     

     

     

    Biography

    Professor Massimo Mazzotti is Director, Center for Science, Technology, Medicine & Society at the University of California, Berkeley, USA.