2nd Edition
The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology
This second edition covers recent developments around the world with contributors from 33 different countries. It widens the handbook’s scope by including ecological design; consideration of cultural dimensions of the use and conservation of urban nature; the roles of government and civil society; and the continuing issues of equity and fairness in access to urban greenspaces.
New features include an emphasis on the biophilic design of homes and workplaces, demonstrating the value of nature, in order to counter the still prevalent attitude among many developers that nature is a constraint rather than a value. The volume explores great practical achievements that have occurred since the first edition, with many governments increasingly recognizing and legislating on urban nature and green infrastructure matters, since cities play a major role in adapting to change, particularly to climate crisis. New topics such as the ecological role of light at night and human microbiota in the urban ecosystem are introduced. Additional attention is given to food production in cities, particularly the multiple roles of urban agriculture and household gardens in different contexts from wealthy communities to the poorest informal settlements in deprived communities. The emphasis is on demonstrating what can be achieved, and what is already being done.
The book aims to help scholars and graduate students by providing an invaluable and up-to-date guide to current urban ecological thinking across the range of disciplines, such as geography, ecology, environmental science/studies, planning, and urban studies, that converge in the study of towns and cities and urban design and living. It will also assist practitioners and civil society members in discovering the ways diff erent specialists and thinkers approach urban nature.
Part 1: Urban Ecology: the Field of Study, Its Growth and Present Concerns
Introduction
David Goode
1. Urban Areas and Urban Ecology
N. E. McIntyre
2. Urban Ecology in the Ancient Tropics: Foodways and Urban Forms
Christian Isendahl, Monica L. Smith, Miriam T. Stark, Federica Sulas and Stephan Barthel
3. 20th century growth of urban ecology
David Goode, Ian Douglas, Mark McDonnell, Amy Hahs and Ian MacGregor-Fors
4. Urban Ecology: Its Boom in the First Fwo Fecades of the 21st Century
David Goode
Part 2: Humans as an Integral Component of Urban Ecosystems
Introduction
Tan Puay Yok
5. A Transdisciplinary Urban Ecology Approach to Complex Urban Systems
Elizabeth Cook and Timon McPhearson
6. Science is Not Enough: Grassroots and Bottom-Up Action in Urban Ecology
Cecilia Herzog, Diana Wiesner, David Maddox
7. Biophilic Cities: Elements of the Vision and Emerging Practice
Timothy Beatley
8. Urban ecology: Art and the cultivation of ecological mindsets
Patrick M. Lydon
9. Urban Greenspaces – understanding patterns of use and greenspace distribution in England to inform spatial planning
Jane Houghton and Hazel Thomas
Part 3: Nature in the city: a biophysical environment
Introduction
Ian Douglas
10. Climate of Cities
C.S.B. Grimmond
11. Understanding urban heat islands
Mathias Roth
12. The impacts of artificial light at night on urban ecosystems
M.J. Grose and T.M. Jones
13. Urban hydrology
Ian Douglas
14. Urban Geomorphology
Ian Douglas
15. Urban estuaries and coasts
L.A. Naylor, H. Kippen, M. MacArthur, A. Zaldívar-Jiménez, A. Vovides, J.D. Hansom and A. Rennie
16. Vulnerability of urban nature to climate change: an overview of impacts and assessment approaches, with examples from urban forests
Camilo Ordóñez, James W.N. Steenberg, and Peter N. Duinker
17. Urban Soils
J. Alan Yeakley
Part 4: Cities as biophysical landscapes: diversity of habitats and species
Introduction
Ian Douglas and Pippin Anderson
18. Biodiversity and cities
P M L Anderson
19. The invasion of walls, pavements and building surfaces by organisms
C. Philip Wheater
20. Urban cliffs
Robert A. Francis
21. Habitat heterogeneity in suburbia; the importance of the urban mosaic
Paul Lintott and Ian Douglas
22. Urban food production sites: diversity of habitats and species with special reference to Africa
Diana Lee-Smith and Olufunke Cofie
23. Urban green corridors: connectivity, multifunctionality and implications for wildlife movement
Ian Douglas
24. Landscaped parks and open spaces
C. Pickering and M. Hermy
25. A man-made watercourse absorbed into the natural landscape – England’s Manchester Ship Canal: a case study in adaptive re-use and brownfield restoration
Paul Stanton Kibel
26. Grassland on reclaimed soil, with streets, car parks and buildings but few or no mature trees
Tony Kendle
27. Urban rivers and their ecology
Cate Brown
28. Wetlands in Urban Environments
Monica M. Palta and Emilie K. Stander
29. Mammals in urban environments
Marion Chatelain and Marta Szulkin
30. Urban birds: Urban avoiders, urban adapters and urban exploiters
Piotr Tryjanowski, Federico Morelli and Anders Pape Møller
31. Urban Insects
Gail A. Langellotto and Damon Hall
32. Urban soil fauna
Katalin Szlavecz, Csaba Csuzdi, Elisabeth Hornung and Zoltan Korsós
33. Recent examples of colonisation and adaptation by birds in UK towns and cities.
David Goode
34. Introduced and invasive animals: species interactions in towns and cities
Valentina la Morgia
35. Feral animals in the built environment
Peter J. Jarvis
36. Alien plants in cities: human-driven patterns, risks and benefits
Ingo Kowarik and Leonie K. Fischer
Part 5: The urban ecosystem: urban metabolism
Introduction
Ian Douglas
37. The analysis of cities as ecosystems
Meghan L. Avolio and Tara L. E. Trammell
38. Urban Metabolism Analysis
Shu-Li Huang, Chun-Lin Lee, Su Xu, Shenghui Cui and Xuemei Bai
39. Urban ecological footprints: the city region and the wider world
Joy Clancy
40. Human microbiota and human health in the changing urban ecosystem
Graham A. W. Rook
41. Urban agroecology: principles and applications
M.A. Altieri and C. I. Nicholls
42. The City as a Life Support System: Ecopoiesis Revisited
David Haley and Vincent Walsh
Part 6: Biophilia and the value of urban nature
Introduction
Harini Nagendra
43. Assessing ecosystem services in urban areas
Patrick O'Farrell
44. Ecosystem disservices from urban nature
Diane E. Pataki
45. Diversity in Perceived Values of Urban Nature
Wardatul Akmam, Shaikh Mohammad Kais, Md. Shafikuzzaman Joarder, Md. Fakrul Islam
46. Recreational values of urban nature
Wendy Y. Chen
47. Urban nature and its potential to contribute towards human well-being
Åsa Ode Sang and Marcus Hedblom
48. Urban Nature and Human Physical Health
Jenna H. Tilt and Lee K. Cerveny
49. Cooling the urban environment: Effect of tree transpiration on outdoor air temperature
N.H. Wong, C.L. Tan, P.Y. Tan, S.K. Jusuf, S. Tong and D.J.C. Hii
50. Mitigating air pollution and the urban heat island effect: the roles of urban trees
Danielle Sinnett
51. Public attitudes towards urban nature
Marthe Derkzen and Jason Byrne
52. Cultural and sacred worship of urban nature
Seema Mundoli and Harini Nagendra
53. The role of urban nature in fostering social capital and sense of place
Amrita Sen, Harini Nagendra, Rodrigo Antonio Braga Moraes Victor, Sueli Angelo Furlan, Elaine Aparecida Rodrigues, Joanne Tippett, Janice Astbury and Ian Douglas
54. Values, Justice and Urban Ecosystems
Seema Mundoli and Harini Nagendra
55. Creative conservation
Grant Luscombe and Richard Scott
56. Giving multicultural community groups a voice in creating, using and managing urban green space
Judy Ling Wong
57. Innovative stormwater management through natural and built green infrastructure
Thomas W. Liptan and Michael Charles Houck
58. Urban waterways
Derek B. Booth
59. Rewilding urban landscapes: attributes, types and application as a greening policy
Yun Hye Hwang
60. Urban ecological design - towards an holistic interdisciplinary vision
Michael J. Wells and Lincoln Garland
61. Incorporating the multiple benefits of urban nature into ecological design
Christina Breed
62. Designing neighborhood greenspaces with urban ecosystem services
Tan Puay Yok
Part 7: Protecting urban wildlife
Introduction
Mike Houck
63. Ensuring equitable green space to deprived social groups
Alexis Vásquez and Cynnamon Dobbs
64. An inclusive approach towards the co-creation and management of urban greenspace as a response to the demand for sustainable cities
Dagmar Haase
65. Capacity building through international collaborations for nature in cities and urban green infrastructure
Oliver Hillel, M’Lisa Colbert and Ian Douglas
66. Using cultural and everyday societal meanings of connection to flora and fauna to build commitment to nature
Judy Ling Wong CBE
67. Using economic and health assessment to make a case for urban greenspace
Ian Douglas
68. Urban greening: the role of international organisations and civil society
Jonathan Hughes
Part 8: Governance, targets and valuation of urban greenspace, from global to local
Introduction
David Goode
69. Intergovernmental bodies and the greening of cities: roles of UN bodies and international conventions
Peter Frost
70. Local governments and urban ecology: planning and practice examples from Africa, Asia and Europe
A.A. Nor Akmar, Anna Hersperger, Nadja Kabisch, Collins Adjei Mensah, Xiangrong Wang and Ian Douglas
71. Urban Green Infrastructure – Strategic Planning of Urban Green and Blue for Multiple Benefits
Stephan Pauleit, Rieke Hansen, Emily L. Rall and Werner Rolf
72. The role of targets and standards in delivering urban greenspace for people and wildlife.
John Box, Richard Boon, Timoticin Kwanda, Aleksandra Stupar, Jenna H. Tilt and Alexis Vásquez
73. Valuation of Urban Ecological Capital
Haripriya Gundimeda
Part 9: Environmental Justice, fairness and equity in urban ecology
Introduction
Ian Douglas
74. Urban nature and justice: unequal access to resources and ecosocial resistance in the contemporary city
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
75. Urban agriculture planning for environmental justice and food security
Graciela Arosemena Díaz
76. Ways of creating usable, multipurpose greenspace in impoverished settlements in cities of the Global South
Alex Barimah Owusu, Jacob Songsore, Wan-yu Shih and Leslie Mabon
Conclusions: continuing debates
77. How to conserve natural resources in housing developments: design, construction, and post-construction
Mark Hostetler
78. Native planting versus non-native planting: the state of the debate
Lincoln Garland and Michael J. Wells
79. Global eco-urban futures – green and sustainable, or brown and vulnerable?
Joe Ravetz
80. Urban ecology for the future
Ian Douglas
Biography
Ian Douglas is Emeritus Professor of Physical Geography at the University of Manchester, UK.
P M L Anderson is a lecturer and director of graduate studies in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science and urban ecology researcher at the African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
David Goode is an ecologist and naturalist, formerly Head of Environment at the Greater London Authority, and now Honorary Professor at University College, London, UK.
Michael C. Houck is The Urban Naturalist of the Urban Greenspaces Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
David Maddox is the Founder and Editor of The Nature of Cities, New York, USA (www.thenatureofcities.com).
Harini Nagendra is Professor of Sustainability at Azim Premji University, India.
Tan Puay Yok is an Associate Professor at the National University of Singapore, Singapore.
