Although the Internet of Things (IoT) will play a key role in the development of next generation information, network, and communication technologies, many are still unclear about what makes IoT different from similar concepts.
Answering fundamental questions about IoT architectures and models, Unit and Ubiquitous Internet of Things introduces essential IoT concepts from the perspectives of mapping and interaction between the physical world and the cyber world. It addresses key issues such as strategy and education, particularly around unit and ubiquitous IoT technologies. Supplying a new perspective on IoT, the book covers emerging trends and presents the latest progress in the field. It also:
- Outlines a fundamental architecture for future IoT together with the IoT layered model
- Describes various topological structures, existence forms, and corresponding logical relationships
- Establishes an IoT technology system based on the knowledge of IoT scientific problems
- Provides an overview of the core technologies, including basic connotation, development status, and open challenges
The book examines ubiquitous sensing, networking, and communications, as well as information management involved in unit IoT. It describes global IoT applications and includes coverage of ubiquitous, local, industrial, national, and transnational IoT. Presenting detailed case studies that illustrate various application scenarios, the text considers the main IoT supporting technologies including resource management, loop control in actuation, session management, space-time consistency, security and privacy, energy management, spectrum management, nanotechnology, quantum technology, and big data.
Introduction
IoT Concept
Related Concepts to IoT
The Intrinsic Characteristics of IoT
IoT Development and Application
Future IoT Vision
References
Architecture and Fundamentals
Some Research on IoT Architecture
Ubiquitous IoT (U2IoT) Architecture
Unit IoT Definition and Its Architecture Design
Ubiquitous IoT Definition and Its Architecture Design
Some Layered Models for IoT
Three-Layer Model
Four-Layer Model
Eight-Layer Model
Discussion on the above Layered Models
Layered Model Proposed and Social Attributes Discussion for U2IoT
Layered Model Designed for U2IoT
Layer Description and Social Attributes for Unit IoT
Layer Description and Social Attributes for Ubiquitous IoT
IoT Development Phases Summary and Discussion
Early Stage
Unit IoT Stage
Industrial/Local IoT Stage
National IoT
Science Category and Supporting Technologies for IoT
Science Category Based on Cyber-Physical-Social Aspects
Supporting Technologies
Conclusion
References
Unit Internet of Things
Introduction
Sensors and Actuators
Sensors
Actuators
Ubiquitous Sensing
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Bluetooth
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
ZigBee
Infrared Data Transmission
Networking and Communications
Mobile Communication Technology
Third-Generation Technology (3G)
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Fourth-Generation Technology (4G)
Next-Generation Internet Technology
Management and Data Centers (M&DCs)
Pervasive Management
Object/Entity Management
Network Management
Service Management
Data Fusion and Data Mining
Case Study for Unit IoT
Identification
Asset Management
Biometrics Identification
E-Passport
Information Aggregation
Smart Home
Satellite Remote Sensing System
Safety Awareness
Bird Strike Avoidance Radar System
River Navigation Safety System
Monitoring and Control
Precision Manufacturing System
Conclusion
References
Ubiquitous Internet of Things
Introduction
Local Internet of Things
Local IoT Concept
Main Characteristics of Local IoT
Case Study: Smart City
Case Study: Logistics Network of China
Pearl River Delta (PRD)
Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial IoT Concept
Main Characteristics of Industrial IoT
Geographical Dispersion
Multiuser Orientation
An Example: Smart Grid
National Internet of Things
National IoT Concept
National Development Planning
Management of National IoT
Transnational Internet of Things Application
Description
An Example: Transnational Logistics IoT in ACFTA
Global Application IoT and a Typical Example
Description
Case Study: Global Logistics IoT
Conclusion and Discussion
References
Resource Management
Introduction
Object Coding and Resolving
Object Coding Discussion
Coding for ID Objects
Coding for nID Objects
Combined Coding for Objects with ID and nID
Resolving Discussion for nID Objects
Space-Time Information Resolving
Unique Attributes (UA) Resolving
Nonunique Attributes (NA) Resolving
Resource Naming
Resource Addressing
Resource Discovery
Resource Allocation
Resource Management Scheme in U2IoT
Context Information
Resource Management Scheme for U2IoT
Resource Management in Unit IoT
Resource Management in Ubiquitous IoT
Conclusion
References
Loop Control in Actuation
References
Session Management
Introduction
Single-Session Management in IoT
Multiple-Session Management in IoT
Challenges
References
Space-Time Consistency and Location Privacy
Introduction
Space-Time Registration in Unit IoT
Time Synchronization
Object Localization
Time Registration for Unit IoT
Space Registration for Unit IoT
Space-Time Registration for Ubiquitous IoT
Time Registration for Ubiquitous IoT
Space Registration for Ubiquitous IoT
Space-Time Consistency Discussion in U2IoT
A Case Study in an Airport
Location Privacy
Main Characteristics of Location Privacy
Location Privacy-Preserving Mechanism
Privacy Policy
Anonymity and Pseudonymity
Obfuscation
Challenges and Open Issues
Conclusion
References
Security and Privacy
Introduction
Security Challenges in U2IoT
Security Requirements
CIA Triad
Authority
Nonrepudiation
Privacy Preservation
Security Attacks
Gathering
Imitation
Blocking
Privacy Disclosure
The Security Framework for U2IoT
Information Security
Physical Security
Management Security
A Proposed Hybrid Authentication and Hierarchical Authorization Scheme
The Security Protocol Suite in Unit IoT (UnSPs)
The In-Group Hybrid Authentication Protocol in UnSPs
The Out-Group Centralized Authorization Protocol in UnSPs
The Security Protocol Suite in Ubiquitous IoT (UbSPs)
The Centralized Authentication Protocol in UbSPs
The Distributed Authority Transfer Protocol in UbSPs
The Centralized Authority Transfer Protocol in UbSPs
The Distributed Authority Sharing Protocol in UbSPs
Security Analysis
Authentication
Authorization
Privacy Preservation
Entity Activity Cycle–Based Security Solution
In the Preactive Phase
In the Active Phase
Authentication
Access Control
Secure Routing
Advanced Signature
Zero-Knowledge Proof
Data Aggregation
In the Postactive Phase
Intrusion Detection
Intrusion Tolerance and Threshold Cryptography
Conclusion
References
Energy Management
Introduction
Energy Management in Unit IoT
Energy Supply Management in Unit IoT
Energy Demand Management in Unit IoT
Supply-Demand Balance Management in Unit IoT
Energy Management in Ubiquitous IoT
Conclusion and Discussion
References
Spectrum Management
Introduction
Spectrum Management System, Equipment, and Technology
National Spectrum Management System
Spectrum Monitoring and Management Equipment
Technological Innovation and Spectrum Management
The Vision, Challenge, and Scheme of Spectrum Management in IoT
Spectrum Management Visions and Challenges
Spectrum Management Scheme in IoT
Spectrum Management in Unit IoT
Spectrum Management in Ubiquitous IoT
Conclusion
References
Nanotechnology
Introduction
Nanotechnology in Ubiquitous Sensing
Nanotechnology-Based New Sensors and Actuators
Nanoscale Sensor Networks
Nanotechnology in Communication Networks
High-Performance Routing and Switching Devices
Radio Frequency (RF) Communication
Nanotechnology in High-Performance Computing
References
Quantum Technology
Introduction
Quantum Technology: Driving IoT Development
Making Sensor Networks More Powerful
Making Communication More Secure
Making Massive Data Processing More Efficient
References
Big Data
Introduction
Technology and Application
Some Typical Technologies for Big Data
Application Platform and Solution
Conclusion
References
Index
Biography
Huansheng Ning, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University. He was born in Anhui, China, and received a B.S. from Anhui University, China, and a Ph.D. from Beihang University, China. From 2002 to 2003, Dr. Ning worked at Aisino Corporation, Beijing, China. From 2004 to 2005, he was a post-Ph.D. at Beihang University. He has presided over several research projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program), and other organizations. He has published many papers and books on radio frequency identification (RFID) and Internet of Things (IoT). Dr. Ning serves as an editor on Advances in Internet of Things (2012-Present), is a guest editor for the Journal of Universal Computer Science Special Issue on Internet of Things (JUCS), and coeditor for The Internet of Things: From RFID to the Next-Generation Pervasive Networked Systems (Taylor & Francis Group). He also serves as a chair or program committee member for international conferences/workshops, for example, program chair (IEEE iThings 2012), program committee member (AMT 2012), K15947. Internet of Things and CPS track chair (IEEE CIT’12), workshop chair (IEEE iThings 2011), and general chair (UMES 2011). Dr. Ning’s current research focuses on Internet of Things, electromagnetic sensing, and aviation security.