2nd Edition

Biofluid Mechanics The Human Circulation, Second Edition

    456 Pages 255 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Designed for senior undergraduate or first-year graduate students in biomedical engineering, Biofluid Mechanics: The Human Circulation, Second Edition teaches students how fluid mechanics is applied to the study of the human circulatory system. Reflecting changes in the field since the publication of its predecessor, this second edition has been extensively revised and updated.

    New to the Second Edition

    • Improved figures and additional examples
    • More problems at the end of each chapter
    • A chapter on the computational fluid dynamic analysis of the human circulation, which reflects the rapidly increasing use of computational simulations in research and clinical arenas

    Drawing on each author’s experience teaching courses on cardiovascular fluid mechanics, the book begins with introductory material on fluid and solid mechanics as well as a review of cardiovascular physiology pertinent to the topics covered in subsequent chapters. The authors then discuss fluid mechanics in the human circulation, primarily applied to blood flow at the arterial level. They also cover vascular implants and measurements in the cardiovascular system.

    FLUID AND SOLID MECHANICS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
    Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
    Introduction
    Intrinsic Fluid Properties
    Hydrostatics
    Macroscopic Balances of Mass and Momentum
    Microscopic Balances of Mass and Momentum
    Bernoulli Equation
    Dimensional Analysis
    Fluid Mechanics in a Straight Tube
    Boundary Layer Separation

    Introduction to Solid Mechanics
    Introduction to Mechanics of Materials
    Analysis of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Tubes
    Analysis of Thick-Walled Cylindrical Tubes
    Viscoelasticity

    Cardiovascular Physiology
    Introduction
    Heart
    Cardiac Valves
    Systemic Circulation
    Coronary Circulation
    Pulmonary Circulation and Gas Exchange in the Lungs
    Cerebral and Renal Circulations
    Microcirculation
    Regulation of the Circulation
    Atherosclerosis

    BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN CIRCULATION
    Rheology of Blood and Vascular Mechanics
    Rheology of Blood
    Vascular Mechanics
    Summary

    Static and Steady Flow Models
    Introduction
    Hydrostatics in the Circulation
    Applications of the Bernoulli Equation
    Rigid Tube Flow Models
    Estimation of Entrance Length and Its Effect on Flow Development in Arteries
    Flow in Collapsible Vessels
    Summary

    Unsteady Flow and Nonuniform Geometric Models
    Introduction
    Windkessel Models for the Human Circulation
    Continuum Models for Pulsatile Flow Dynamics
    Hemodynamic Theories of Atherogenesis
    Wall Shear Stress and Its Effect on Endothelial Cells
    Flow through Curved Arteries and Bifurcations
    Flow through Arterial Stenoses and Aneurysms
    Summary

    Native Heart Valves
    Introduction
    Aortic and Pulmonary Valves
    Mitral and Tricuspid Valves

    CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLANTS, BIOMECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS, AND COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS
    Prosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics
    Introduction
    Brief History of Heart Valve Prostheses
    Hemodynamic Assessment of Prosthetic Heart Valves
    In Vitro Studies of Coagulation Potential and Blood Damage
    Durability of Prosthetic Heart Valves
    Current Trends in Valve Design
    Conclusions

    Vascular Therapeutic Techniques
    Vascular Graft Implants
    Arteriovenous Fistulas
    Types of Vascular Graft Materials Used
    Clinical Experience with Vascular Grafts
    Biomechanics and Anastomotic IH
    Angioplasty, Stent, and Endoluminal Graft Implants
    Biomechanics of Stent Implants

    Fluid Dynamic Measurement Techniques
    Introduction
    Blood Pressure Measurement
    Blood Flow Measurement
    Impedance Measurement
    Flow Visualization
    Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry
    Laser Doppler Velocimetry
    MRI and Velocity Mapping Techniques

    Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Human Circulation
    Introduction
    Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis Techniques
    Modeling Considerations for Biofluid Mechanical Simulations
    Fluid Dynamic Simulations in the Human Circulation
    Future Directions: Multiscale Modeling
    Summary
    CFD Simulation Assignments

    Index

    Problems and References appear at the end of each chapter.

    Biography

    Krishnan B. Chandran is the Lowell G. Battershell Chair and professor in biomedical engineering, professor in mechanical and industrial engineering, and faculty research engineer in IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering at the University of Iowa. His current research interests include vascular prosthesis and artificial heart valve dynamics, fluid dynamics and mass transport in arteries, and fluid dynamics and atherosclerosis.

    Stanley E. Rittgers is a professor emeritus in biomedical engineering at the University of Akron. His research interests include cardiovascular hemodynamics, noninvasive diagnostics, ultrasound Doppler techniques, in vitro flow modeling, arterial bypass grafting, blood shear and vascular hyperplasia, and cardiovascular drug delivery.

    Ajit P. Yoganathan is Regents’ Professor and associate chair for research, Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in biomedical engineering, and director of the Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at Georgia Institute of Technology. His research areas include cardiovascular fluid dynamics, optimization of cardiovascular surgeries, surgical planning, tissue engineering of heart valves, and the use of MRI and 3D Echo to study blood flow patterns in cardiovascular structures.

    "... the book provides a good platform in fluid mechanics prior to progressing to the physiological applications which make it an appropriate textbook for BME students."
    —Professor Tim McGloughlin, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research and Department of Mechanical Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick