Wind Energy: An Introduction covers wind energy system types, operation, modeling, analysis, integration, and control. Beginning with a history of the development of wind energy, this comprehensive book:
- Explains the aerodynamic theories that govern the operation of wind turbines
- Presents wind energy statistics to address the stochastic nature of wind speed
- Employs the statistical modeling of wind speed to evaluate sites for wind energy generation
- Highlights the differences between the most common types of wind turbines
- Analyzes the main power electronic circuits used in wind energy
- Details the induction, synchronous, and permanent magnet generators from the basic principle of induced voltage to the steady-state and dynamic models
- Explores the operation, stability, control, and protection of type 1, 2, 3, and 4 wind turbines
- Discusses the main integration challenges of wind energy systems with electric utility systems
- Features numerous models, illustrations, real-world examples, and exercise problems
- Includes a solutions manual and figure slides with qualifying course adoption
Wind Energy: An Introduction requires a basic knowledge of electric circuit theory, making it an ideal text for students at the senior-undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, the book provides practicing engineers with a handy professional reference.
Preface
Author
List of Variables
History of the Wind Energy Development
Wind Turbines
Offshore Wind Turbines
Exercise
Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines
Wind Speed
Impact of Friction and Height on Wind Speed
Air Density
WT Blades
Angle of Attack
Relative Wind Speed
Pitch Angle
Coefficient of Performance
Tip-Speed Ratio
Blade Power
Separation of WTs
Exercise
Wind Statistics
Average Variance and Standard Deviation
Cumulative Distribution Function
Probability Density Function
Weibull Distribution Function
Rayleigh Distribution Function
Dependency and Repeatability
Cross-Correlation
Repeatability
Exercise
Overview of Wind Turbines
Classification of Wind Turbines
Alignment of Rotating Axis
Types of Generators
Speed of Rotation
Power Conversion
Control Actions
Types of Wind Turbines
Type 1 Wind Turbine
Type 2 Wind Turbine
Type 3 Wind Turbine
Type 4 Wind Turbine
Type 5 Wind Turbine
Exercise
Solid-State Converters
AC/DC Converters with Resistive Load
Rectifier Circuits
Voltage-Controlled Circuits
Three-Phase Circuits
AC/DC Converters with Inductive Load
Current Calculations
Voltage Calculations
Freewheeling Diodes
DC/DC Converters
Buck Converter
Boost Converter
Buck–Boost Converter
DC/AC Converters
Three-Phase DC/AC Converter
Pulse Width Modulation
AC/AC Converters
Exercise
Induction Generator
Description of Induction Machine
Representation of Induction Machine
Flux Linkage
Balanced System
Rotating Reference Frame
Park’s Equations
Steady-State Model
Dynamic Model of Induction Generator
Exercise
Synchronous Generator
Description of Synchronous Generator
Salient Pole Synchronous Generator
Rotating Reference Frame
Parks Equations
Steady-State Model
Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generator
Dynamic Model of Synchronous Generator
Dynamics of Rotating Mass
Dynamics of Electrical Modes
Block Diagram of Synchronous Generator
Exercise
Type 1 Wind Turbine System
Equivalent Circuit for the Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator
Power Flow
Electric Torque
Maximum Power
Maximum Torque
Assessment of Type 1 System
Control and Protection of Type 1 System
Reactive Power of Type 1 System
Inrush Current
Turbine Stability
Exercise
Type 2 Wind Turbine System
Equivalent Circuit of Type 2 Generator
Real Power
Electric Torque
Assessment of Type 2 System
Control and Protection of Type 2 System
Inrush Current
Turbine Stability
Exercise
Type 3 Wind Turbine System
Equivalent Circuit
Simplified Model
Power Flow
Apparent Power Flow through RSC
Apparent Power Flow through GSC
Speed Control
Protection of Type 3 Systems
Electrical Protection
Electromechanical Protection
Exercise
Type 4 Wind Turbine
Full Converter
Power Flow
Real Power Control
Reactive Power Control
Protection
Chopper System
Dynamic Resistance
Exercise
Grid Integration
System Stability
Stability of Synchronous Generator
Stability of the Induction Generator
Systemwide Stability
Fault Ride-Through, Low-Voltage Ride-Through
Impact of Fault on WTs
LVRT Requirements
LVRT Compliance Techniques
Variability of the Wind Power Production
Uncertainty of Wind Speed
Variability of Wind Power Output
Balancing Wind Energy
Reactive Power
Turbine Reactive Power Control
Static VAR Compensator
Synchronous Condenser
Exercise
Index
Biography
Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi received his undergraduate education from Helwan University, Egypt, and his Ph.D from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. He is currently professor of electrical engineering in the energy area at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, where he has also served as the associate chair and the chairman of graduate studies and research. He has published more than 200 research articles, authored four textbooks, and co-authored three research books. An IEEE fellow, Professor El-Sharkawi has been the vice president for technical activities of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society and the founding chairman of numerous IEEE task forces, working groups, and subcommittees. He holds five licensed patents related to renewable energy, VAR management, and minimum arc sequential circuit breaker switching.
"The book is an introduction to wind power, as the title indicates. El-Sharkawi (electrical engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle) presents the topic from a research and an industry point of view, with a lean toward electrical engineering aspects. Early chapters focus on the history of the technology, aerodynamics, and wind statistics (together forming the first fifth of the book). In following chapters, he discusses different types of converters, generators, wind turbine systems, and grid integration. The book reads easily, and benefits from a suitable number of (mostly color) figures, numerous worked-out examples, and end-of-chapter exercises. Although numerous books on wind power are already available (some very comprehensive), this work offers a relatively concise, well-organized resource; it would be an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate-level courses on wind energy. The book will be useful to advanced students and general readers interested in learning about the fundamentals of wind power. Readers need a basic knowledge of electrical engineering (at the undergraduate level) to gain the most from the text. Summing up: Recommended. Upper-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners; two-year technical program students; informed general readers."
—M. Alam, University of California, Berkeley, USA, for CHOICE, March 2016"Professor El-Sharkawi meets the growing demand from students and engineers interested in, or already working on, issues related to wind generation with a book covering all aspects of wind-power electrical engineering. As with his previous publications, El-Sharkawi succeeds in covering this important topic in great depth and clarity. The material is well presented following a logical development of the relevant topics. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in the subject of wind power generation."
—Izzy Kerszenbaum, IzzyTech Electrical Power Engineering Consulting & Training, Irvine, California, USA"This book provides a rigorous introduction to the modeling and analysis of the power electronics at the heart of wind energy systems. It will serve as an essential component of modern energy curricula at the undergraduate and graduate levels."
—John O. Dabiri, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"This book is well organized and covers many interesting topics related to grid integration of wind energy systems. It also covers key integration issues e.g. system stability, fault ride-through, variability of wind speed, and reactive power. This text book will be very useful to the engineering students as well as energy professionals."
—Prof. Mohan Kolhe, University of Agder (Norway)