355 Pages 196 Color & 27 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Wind Energy: An Introduction covers wind energy system types, operation, modeling, analysis, integration, and control. Beginning with a history of the development of wind energy, this comprehensive book:

    • Explains the aerodynamic theories that govern the operation of wind turbines
    • Presents wind energy statistics to address the stochastic nature of wind speed
    • Employs the statistical modeling of wind speed to evaluate sites for wind energy generation
    • Highlights the differences between the most common types of wind turbines
    • Analyzes the main power electronic circuits used in wind energy
    • Details the induction, synchronous, and permanent magnet generators from the basic principle of induced voltage to the steady-state and dynamic models
    • Explores the operation, stability, control, and protection of type 1, 2, 3, and 4 wind turbines
    • Discusses the main integration challenges of wind energy systems with electric utility systems
    • Features numerous models, illustrations, real-world examples, and exercise problems
    • Includes a solutions manual and figure slides with qualifying course adoption

    Wind Energy: An Introduction requires a basic knowledge of electric circuit theory, making it an ideal text for students at the senior-undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, the book provides practicing engineers with a handy professional reference.

    Preface

    Author

    List of Variables

    History of the Wind Energy Development

    Wind Turbines

    Offshore Wind Turbines

    Exercise

    Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

    Wind Speed

    Impact of Friction and Height on Wind Speed

    Air Density

    WT Blades

    Angle of Attack

    Relative Wind Speed

    Pitch Angle

    Coefficient of Performance

    Tip-Speed Ratio

    Blade Power

    Separation of WTs

    Exercise

    Wind Statistics

    Average Variance and Standard Deviation

    Cumulative Distribution Function

    Probability Density Function

    Weibull Distribution Function

    Rayleigh Distribution Function

    Dependency and Repeatability

    Cross-Correlation

    Repeatability

    Exercise

    Overview of Wind Turbines

    Classification of Wind Turbines

    Alignment of Rotating Axis

    Types of Generators

    Speed of Rotation

    Power Conversion

    Control Actions

    Types of Wind Turbines

    Type 1 Wind Turbine

    Type 2 Wind Turbine

    Type 3 Wind Turbine

    Type 4 Wind Turbine

    Type 5 Wind Turbine

    Exercise

    Solid-State Converters

    AC/DC Converters with Resistive Load

    Rectifier Circuits

    Voltage-Controlled Circuits

    Three-Phase Circuits

    AC/DC Converters with Inductive Load

    Current Calculations

    Voltage Calculations

    Freewheeling Diodes

    DC/DC Converters

    Buck Converter

    Boost Converter

    Buck–Boost Converter

    DC/AC Converters

    Three-Phase DC/AC Converter

    Pulse Width Modulation

    AC/AC Converters

    Exercise

    Induction Generator

    Description of Induction Machine

    Representation of Induction Machine

    Flux Linkage

    Balanced System

    Rotating Reference Frame

    Park’s Equations

    Steady-State Model

    Dynamic Model of Induction Generator

    Exercise

    Synchronous Generator

    Description of Synchronous Generator

    Salient Pole Synchronous Generator

    Rotating Reference Frame

    Parks Equations

    Steady-State Model

    Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generator

    Dynamic Model of Synchronous Generator

    Dynamics of Rotating Mass

    Dynamics of Electrical Modes

    Block Diagram of Synchronous Generator

    Exercise

    Type 1 Wind Turbine System

    Equivalent Circuit for the Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator

    Power Flow

    Electric Torque

    Maximum Power

    Maximum Torque

    Assessment of Type 1 System

    Control and Protection of Type 1 System

    Reactive Power of Type 1 System

    Inrush Current

    Turbine Stability

    Exercise

    Type 2 Wind Turbine System

    Equivalent Circuit of Type 2 Generator

    Real Power

    Electric Torque

    Assessment of Type 2 System

    Control and Protection of Type 2 System

    Inrush Current

    Turbine Stability

    Exercise

    Type 3 Wind Turbine System

    Equivalent Circuit

    Simplified Model

    Power Flow

    Apparent Power Flow through RSC

    Apparent Power Flow through GSC

    Speed Control

    Protection of Type 3 Systems

    Electrical Protection

    Electromechanical Protection

    Exercise

    Type 4 Wind Turbine

    Full Converter

    Power Flow

    Real Power Control

    Reactive Power Control

    Protection

    Chopper System

    Dynamic Resistance

    Exercise

    Grid Integration

    System Stability

    Stability of Synchronous Generator

    Stability of the Induction Generator

    Systemwide Stability

    Fault Ride-Through, Low-Voltage Ride-Through

    Impact of Fault on WTs

    LVRT Requirements

    LVRT Compliance Techniques

    Variability of the Wind Power Production

    Uncertainty of Wind Speed

    Variability of Wind Power Output

    Balancing Wind Energy

    Reactive Power

    Turbine Reactive Power Control

    Static VAR Compensator

    Synchronous Condenser

    Exercise

    Index

    Biography

    Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi received his undergraduate education from Helwan University, Egypt, and his Ph.D from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. He is currently professor of electrical engineering in the energy area at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, where he has also served as the associate chair and the chairman of graduate studies and research. He has published more than 200 research articles, authored four textbooks, and co-authored three research books. An IEEE fellow, Professor El-Sharkawi has been the vice president for technical activities of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society and the founding chairman of numerous IEEE task forces, working groups, and subcommittees. He holds five licensed patents related to renewable energy, VAR management, and minimum arc sequential circuit breaker switching.

    "The book is an introduction to wind power, as the title indicates. El-Sharkawi (electrical engineering, Univ. of Washington, Seattle) presents the topic from a research and an industry point of view, with a lean toward electrical engineering aspects. Early chapters focus on the history of the technology, aerodynamics, and wind statistics (together forming the first fifth of the book). In following chapters, he discusses different types of converters, generators, wind turbine systems, and grid integration. The book reads easily, and benefits from a suitable number of (mostly color) figures, numerous worked-out examples, and end-of-chapter exercises. Although numerous books on wind power are already available (some very comprehensive), this work offers a relatively concise, well-organized resource; it would be an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate-level courses on wind energy. The book will be useful to advanced students and general readers interested in learning about the fundamentals of wind power. Readers need a basic knowledge of electrical engineering (at the undergraduate level) to gain the most from the text. Summing up: Recommended. Upper-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners; two-year technical program students; informed general readers."
    —M. Alam, University of California, Berkeley, USA, for CHOICE, March 2016

    "Professor El-Sharkawi meets the growing demand from students and engineers interested in, or already working on, issues related to wind generation with a book covering all aspects of wind-power electrical engineering. As with his previous publications, El-Sharkawi succeeds in covering this important topic in great depth and clarity. The material is well presented following a logical development of the relevant topics. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in the subject of wind power generation."
    —Izzy Kerszenbaum, IzzyTech Electrical Power Engineering Consulting & Training, Irvine, California, USA

    "This book provides a rigorous introduction to the modeling and analysis of the power electronics at the heart of wind energy systems. It will serve as an essential component of modern energy curricula at the undergraduate and graduate levels."
    —John O. Dabiri, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

    "This book is well organized and covers many interesting topics related to grid integration of wind energy systems. It also covers key integration issues e.g. system stability, fault ride-through, variability of wind speed, and reactive power. This text book will be very useful to the engineering students as well as energy professionals."
    —Prof. Mohan Kolhe, University of Agder (Norway)