1st Edition
More Urban Water Design and Management of Dutch water cities
The perceptibly changing climate has resulted in more precipitation in a small number of short periods. As most urban water management systems were developed at a time when precipitation was distributed more evenly throughout the year, they cannot deal properly with the new circumstances, and high groundwater levels and excess water are the result. In practice, many urban dwellers are consequently confronted with flooded cellars and inaccessible urban infrastructure. To solve these phenomena in the future, a major part of the urban water programmes for the next few decades consists of restructuring and transformation of the existing urban areas, in which water management is considered as an integral part of urban renewal activities and in which its capacity is compliant with the urban area scale.
With an integral approach, this book treats the relation of urbanism and water management in Dutch water cities. It also treats the financial aspects of the adjustment of existing water systems to meet the changes in the urban hydrological cycle. It presents the typology of typical current and future Dutch water cities, their urban function and the ecological and technical aspects. Separate chapters deal with the transformation of the historical city, the consolidation of the inter-war city and the restructuring of the post-war city to meet future conditions. The final chapter presents a comparison of the Dutch situation with South Korean (Seoul), Japanese (Tokyo) and German (Ruhr area) urban areas.
Chapter 1: Introduction: water's changing context
Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff, Frans van de Ven
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Climate change
1.3 The Netherlands water land
1.4 The organisation of a water management authority
1.4.1 Tasks and responsibilities of the Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management
1.4.2 Tasks and responsibilities of the provinces
1.4.3 Tasks and responsibilities of the district water boards
1.4.4 Tasks and responsibilities of the municipalities
1.5 Giving space instead of holding water back
1.6 Institutional policy frameworks
1.7 Urban water management
1.8 Expanding the water storage capacity
1.9 Approach on a spatial level
1.10 Costs and sources of funding
Chapter 2: The form and function of water in the city
Fransje Hooimeijer
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic types of water town
2.2.1 Geest town
2.2.2 Mould town
2.2.3 River town
2.2.4 Coastal town
2.2.5 Burcht town
2.2.6 Dike town and dam town
2.3 The expansion of water towns
2.3.1 Fortified towns
2.3.2 Polder towns
2.4 The overture to the city
2.5 Expansions in the polder in the interwar years
2.5.1 Garden cities
2.5.2 Vreewijk
2.5.3 Betondorp
2.6 Water towns after the war
2.6.1 Amsterdam: western garden towns
2.6.2 Rotterdam: Southern garden towns
2.7 The primordial Dutch talent
2.8 The future: Rotterdam Water City 2035 Govert Geldof
2.8.1 A leap in time
2.8.2 The challenge
2.8.3 The safety philosophy
2.8.4 The design of Rotterdam Water City 2035
2.8.5 The city and people
Chapter 3: The urban design issues in existing cities
Eveline Brandes, John Westrik and Bernadette Janssen
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The state of affairs in the prewar city
3.3 The structure of the prewar city
3.3.1 City centre: narrow streets versus large-scale functions
3.3.2 Old industrial sites, harbour areas and other fault zones: new designated uses
3.3.3 The first and second rings: a renewal of the urban renewal?
3.3.4 The residential areas of the interwar years: consolidation or demolition and new building?
3.4 The issues in the prewar city by theme
3.4.1 Accessibility and the environment
3.4.2 Station areas
3.4.3 Cyclists and pedestrians
3.4.4 Infrastructure
3.4.5 Road traffic and car parks
3.4.6 Green and water structure
3.4.7 Higher density of building and high-rise
3.4.8 Specific problems per city
3.5 The issue in the prewar city
3.6 The state of affairs in the post-war city
3.7 The post-war urban expansion
3.8 The common approach in the post-war city
3.9 New opportunities in restructuring the post-war city
3.9.1 Establishing the profile of Rotterdam's southern garden towns
Chapter 4: The water issues in the existing city
Sybrand Tjallingii
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Water flows
4.2.1The sea: from resistance to resilience
4.2.2 The rivers: from raising dikes to space for the river
4.2.3 Streams: from straightening to 'remeandering'
4.2.4.Boezem and polder waters: from rapid discharge to hold and store
4.2.5 Rainwater: from discharge to hold and store
4.2.6 Groundwater: from pumping to controlling
4.2.7 Drinking water: from wastage to careful use
4.2.8 Waste water: from making clean to keeping clean
4.3 Guiding principles: comprehensive and sustainable
4.3.1 Holding rainwater and keeping it clean
4.3.2 Giving space to river discharge
4.3.3 Coordinating water use and water management and making them visible in the plan
4.3.4 Accentuating the area identity with water
4.3.5 Creating conditions for biodiversity with water
4.3.6 Creating conditions for interactive processes
4.3.7 Creating conditions for an innovative learning organisation
4.4 Guiding models
4.4.1 Three guiding models for Delft
4.4.2 Four guiding models for Eindhoven
4.5 Water issues in the planning process
Chapter 5: More water in the historic city centre: transformation
Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Catharijnesingel, Utrecht
5.2.1The area
5.2.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
5.2.3 Solutions and process planning
5.2.4 What does it cost and who pays?
5.3 Old Harbour, Breda
5.3.1 The area
5.3.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
5.3.3 Solutions and process planning
5.3.4 What does it cost and who pays?
5.4 East city centre, Delft
5.4.1 The area
5.4.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
5.4.3 Solutions and process planning
5.4.4 What does it cost and who pays?
5.5 Conclusion
Chapter 6: More water in the city, from 1850 to 1945: consolidation
Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Museumpark, Rotterdam
6.2.1 The area
6.2.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
6.2.3 Solutions and process planning
6.2.4 What does it cost and who pays?
6.3 Vogelwijk, The Hague
6.3.1 The area
6.3.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
6.3.3 Solutions and process planning
6.3.4 What does it cost and who pays?
6.4 Conclusion
Chapter 7: More water in the post-war city: restructuring
Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff and Anita Terlindert
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Poptahof, Delft
7.2.1 The area
7.2.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
7.2.3 Solutions and process planning
7.2.4 What does it cost and who pays?
7.3 Wielwijk, Dordrecht
7.3.1 The area
7.3.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
7.3.3 Solutions and process planning
7.3.4 What does it cost and who pays?
7.4 Schalkwijk, Haarlem
7.4.1 The area
7.4.2 The water issue within the urban water plan
7.4.3 Solutions and process planning
7.4.4 What does it cost and who pays?
7.5 Conclusion
Chapter 8: International comparison
Fransje Hooimeijer and Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Seoul (South Korea)
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.3 Historical development of Seoul
8.2.4 Motives for restoring Cheong Gye Cheon
8.2.5 Main features of the plan
8.2.6 Learning from South Korea
8.3 Tokyo (Japan)
8.3.1 Introduction
8.3.2 Tokyo Dome
8.3.3 The Tsurumi river multifunctional project
8.3.4 ‘Double deck river’
8.3.5 Superlevee
8.3.6 Learning from Japan
8.4 The Ruhr (Germany)
8.4.1 Introduction to Atelier Dreiseitl
8.4.2 Restoration of the Emscher
8.4.3 Project organisation
8.4.4 The restoration of the Volume creek
8.4.5 Learning from Germany
Chapter 9: Conclusions
Bibliography
Biography
Fransje Hooimeijer
