A; Académie Royale des Sciences; Academies; Accademia dei Lincei; Accademia del Cimento; Acosta, José de (ca. 1540–1600); Acoustics; Acta eruditorum; Active Principles; Aerostatics.; Agricola, Georgius (1494–1555); Agriculture; Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (1486–1535); Air Pump; Alchemy; Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522–1605); Algebra; Almanacs; Analytic Geometry; Anatomy; Andreae, Johann Valentin (1586–1654); Anthropology and Race; Apian, Peter (1495–1552); Apothecaries.; Archaeology and Antiquities; Architecture; Aristotelianism; Arnauld, Antoine (1612–1694); Art; Ashmole, Elias (1617–1692); Astrolabe; Astrology; Astronomical tables and Ephemerides; Astronomy; Atomism; Attraction; Automata; Auzout, Adrien (1622–1691); B; Bacon, Francis (1561–1626); Baconianism; Baliani, Giovanni Battista (1582–1666); Ballistics and Gunnery; Barometer; Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677); Bartholin, Erasmus (1625–1698); Bartholin, Thomas (1616–1680); Basso, Sebastian (fl. 1560–1625); Bauhin, Gaspard (1560–1624) and Jean (1541–1613); Becher, Johann Joachim (1635–1682); Beeckman, Isaac (1588–1637); Beguin, Jean (ca. 1550–ca. 1620); Bellini, Lorenzo (1643–1704); Belon, Pierre (1517–1564); Benedetti, Giovanni Battista (1530–1590); Berengario da Carpi, Giacomo (1460–1530); Bernoulli, Jakob I (1654–1705); Bernoulli, Johann I (1667–1748); Biblical Chronology; Biblical Interpretation; Biringuccio, Vannoccio (1480–ca. 1540); Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1571–1638); Boerhaave, Hermann (1668–1738); Book of Nature; Books of Secrets; Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679); Botanical Gardens; Botany; Boulliau, Ismaël (1605–1694); Boyle, Robert (1627–1691); Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601); Briggs, Henry (1561–1631); Brouncker, William (1620–1684); Brunfels, Otto (ca. 1489–1534); Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600); Buonamici, Francesco (ca. 1535–1603); Bureau d'adresse; Bürgi, Joost (1552–1632); Burnet, Thomas (ca. 1635–1715); C; Cabala.; Calculating Machine; Calculus; Calendar Reform; Cambridge Platonists; Camera Obscura; Camerarius (Camerer), Rudolph Jacob (1665–1721); Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1639); Cardano, Girolamo (1501–1576); Cartesianism; Cartography; Casa de la Contratación; Cassini, Gian Domenico (Jean-Dominique) (1625–1712); Causality; Cavalieri, Bonaventura (1598–1647); Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (née Lucas) (1623–1673); Celestial Spheres; Cesalpino, Andrea (1519–1603); Cesi.; Charleton, Walter (1620–1707); Chemical Philosophy; Chemistry; Cimento.; Class.; Classification of the Sciences; Clavius, Christoph (1538–1612); Clocks.; Clockwork Universe; Coiter, Volcher (1534–1576); Collège Royal; Colleges of Physicians; Collegio Romano; Colombo, Realdo (ca. 1510–1559); Color; Comets; Commandino, Federico (1509–1579); Compass, Magnetic; Contagion.; Conway, Anne, Viscountess Conway (née Finch) (1631–1679); Copernicanism; Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543); Corpuscularianism.; Correspondence Networks; Correspondences; Cosmic Dimensions; Cosmogony; Court Cultures.; Craftsman-and-Scholar Thesis; Crollius, Oswald (ca. 1560–1609); Cross-Staff; Cudworth, Ralph (1617–1688); D; Decimals; Dee, John (1527–1608); Della Porta.; Demonstration; Descartes, René (1596–1650); Dialectic; Diffraction; Digby, Kenelm (1603–1665); Digges, Thomas (ca. 1546–1595); Discourse, Styles of; Dissection; Dodoens, Rembert (1516–1585); Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528); Dynamics; E; Educational Reform; Electricity; Elements; Emblematics; Embryology; Empiricism; Encyclopedias; Ephemerides.; Epicureanism; Epigenesis; Ercker, Lazarus (ca. 1530–1594); Ether; Etiology; Eustachio, Bartolomeo (ca. 1510–1574); Experience and Experiment; Exploration and Discovery; F; Fabri, Honoré (1607–1688); Fabrici, Girolamo (Fabricius ab Acquapendente) (ca. 1533–1619); Falloppio, Gabriele (1523–1562); Fermat, Pierre de (1601–1665); Fermentation; Fernel, Jean François (1497–1558); Flamsteed, John (1646–1719); Fludd, Robert (1574–1637); Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757); Force; Fortification; Fracastoro, Girolamo (ca. 1478–1553); Fuchs, Leonhart (1501–1566); G; Galenism; Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642); Galileo and the Church; Gascoigne, William (ca. 1612–ca. 1644); Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655); Gemma Frisius, Reiner (1508–1555); Generation; Geography; Geoheliocentrism; Geology/Mineralogy; Geometry.; Gessner, Conrad (1516–1565); Gilbert, William (1544–1603); Glanvill, Joseph (1636–1680); Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670); Glisson, Francis (1597–1677); Globes, Astronomical and Terrestrial; Government and Science; Graaf, Regnier de (1641–1673); Gravitation.; Greenwich Observatory.; Gregory, David (1659–1708); Gregory, James (1638–1675); Gresham College; Grew, Nehemiah (1641–1712); Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618–1663); Guericke, Otto von (1602–1686); Guinter of Andernach, Joannes (ca. 1505–1574); Gunnery.; H; Halley, Edmond (ca. 1656–1743); Harmonics.; Harriot, Thomas (ca. 1560–1621); Hartlib, Samuel (ca. 1600–1662); Harvey, William (1578–1657); Heat; Helmont, Johannes Baptista van (1579–1644); Herbals.; Hermetism; Hernández, Francisco (1515–1587); Hevelius, Johannes (1611–1687); Histories of Trades; Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679); Hooke, Robert (1635–1703); Horology; Horrocks, Jeremiah (1618–1641); Humanism; Humors; Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695); Hydraulics and Hydrostatics; Hydrostatics.; Hypothesis; I; Iatrochemistry; Iatromechanics; Ideology, Science as; Illustration; Impetus; Inertia; Infinitesimals; Infinity, Mathematical; Infinity of the World; Instrument Makers; Intelligencers.; Internalist/Externalist Historiography; J; Jesuits.; Journal des sçavans; K; Kabbalah; Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630); Keplerianism; Kinematics; Kircher, Athanasius (1602–1680); L; Laboratories; La Hire, Philippe de (1640–1718); Langren, Michael Florent van (1598–1675); Laws of Nature; Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van (1632–1723); Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716); Lemery, Nicolas (1645–1715); Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519); Libavius, Andreas (1540–1616); Libraries; Light Transmission; Lincei.; Lister, Martin (1639–1712); Literature; Locke, John (1632–1704); Logarithms; Logic; Longomontanus.; Lower, Richard (1631–1691); M; Macrocosm/Microcosmicrocosm; Maestlin, Michael (1550–1631); Magic; Magic and the Scientific Revolution; Magini, Giovanni Antonio (1555–1617); Magnetism; Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715); Malpighi, Marcello (1628–1694); Mapmaking.; Mariotte, Edmé (ca. 1620–1684); Marxist Historiography; Mass; Mathematical Practitioners.; Mathematics; Matter; Maurolico, Francesco (1494–1575); Mayow, John (1641–1679); Measurement; Mechanical Philosophy; Mechanics; Medical Education; Medicine; Medieval Science and the Scientific Revolution; Menageries; Mercator, Gerard (1512–1594); Mercator, Nicolaus (ca. 1619–1687); Mersenne, Marin (1588–1648); Meteorology; Microscope; Microscopy; Mining and Metallurgy; Mixed Sciences; Monte, Guidobaldo del (1545–1607); Montmor Academy; More, Henry (1614–1687); Motion; Museums and Collections; Music/Harmonics; N; Napier, John (1550–1617); Natural History; Natural Laws.; Natural Theology.; Navigation; Neoplatonism; Neopythagoreanism; Newcastle, Duchess Of.; Newton, Isaac (1642–1727); Novae; Nuñes, Pedro (1502–1578); O; Observatoire de Paris; Oldenburg, Henry (ca. 1619–1677); Optics; Ortelius, Abraham (1527–1598); Oughtred, William (1575–1660); Oxford Philosophical Society; P; Pacioli, Luca (ca. 1445–1517); Paracelsus (ca. 1493–1541); Parallax; Paré, Ambroise (ca. 1510–1590); Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662); Pathology.; Patronage; Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de (1580–1637); Perspective; Petit, Pierre (ca. 1598–1677); Petty, William (1623–1687); Peurbach, Georg (1423–1461); Pharmacology; Pharmacy; Philosophical Transactions; Physico-Theology; Physics; Physiology; Picard, Jean (1620–1682); Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494); Platonism.; Plurality of Worlds; Pneuma; Pneumatics; Political Economy.; Political Theory; Popularization; Porta, Giambattista della (1535–1615); Positivist Historiography; Power, Henry (1623–1668); Praetorius (Richter), Johannes (1537–1616); Precession; Preformation; Printing; Prisca theologia; Probability; Progress.; Proof.; Proportional Dividers; Protestantism.; Providence, Divine; Psychology; Ptolemaic Astronomy; Public Knowledge; Puritanism and Science; Q; Quadrant; Qualities; R; Ramelli, Agostino (1531–1590); Ramus, Peter (1515–1572); Ray, John (1620–1705); Realism; Recorde, Robert (1510–1558); Redi, Francesco (1626–1697); Reflection; Reformation, Protestant; Refraction; Regiomontanus, Johannes (1436–1476); Reinhold, Erasmus (1511–1553); Religion and Natural Philosophy; Resolution and Composition; Revolutions in Science; Rheticus, Georg Joachim (1514–1574); Rhetoric; Riccioli, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) (1598–1671); Richer, Jean (1630–1696); Roberval, Gilles Personne de (1602–1675); Rohault, Jacques (1620–1675); Römer, Ole Christensen (1644–1710); Rondelet, Guillaume (1507–1566); Rosicrucianism; Rothmann, Christoph (fl. 1555–1597); Royal Academy of Sciences.; Royal Observatory at Greenwich; Royal Society of London; S; Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558); Scheiner, Christoph (1573–1650); Scholasticism.; Schooten, Frans van (ca. 1615–1660); Scientific Revolution; Scientific Societies.; Secrets of Nature; Sennert, Daniel (1572–1637); Series, Mathematical; Servetus, Michael (1511–1553); Severin, Christian (Christen Sørensen; Longomontanus or Langberg) (1562–1647); Sex and Gender; Shipbuilding; Signatures.; Skepticism; Slide Rule; Sluse, René-François de (1622–1685); Snel (Snellius or Snel van Royen), Willebrord (1580–1626); Social Class and Science; Society of Jesus; Soul; Space; Species; Spinoza, Benedict de (1632–1677); Spirit; Spontaneous Generation; Stahl, Georg Ernst (1660–1734); Statistics; Steno, Nicolaus (Niels Stensen) (1638–1686); Stevin, Simon (1548–1620); Stoicism; Styles of Science: National, Regional, and Local; Surgery; Surveying; Swammerdam, Jan (1637–1680); Sydenham, Thomas (1624–1689); Sylvius, Franciscus (Franz de le Boë) (1614–1672); T; Taxonomy; Teleology; Telescope; Telescopic Astronomy; Telesio, Bernardino (1509–1588); Theology.; Theories of the Earth; Theory; Thermoscope/Thermometer; Tides; Time; Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–1647); Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1656–1708); Towneley, Richard (1629–1707); Translations; Trigonometry; Tyson, Edward (1650–1708); U; Universal Languages; Universities; Uraniborg; Ursus (Bär), Nicolaus Raimarus (1551–1600); Utopias; V; Vacuum.; Vacuum Pump.; Vallisneri, Antonio (1661–1730); Valverde, Juan (ca. 1525–ca. 1588); Van Helmont.; Van Leeuwenhoek.; Van Schooten.; Varignon, Pierre (1654–1722); Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre (1633–1707); Vesalius, Andreas (1514–1564); Viète, François (1540–1603); Virtuosi; Vision; Vitalism; Vives, Juan Luis (1492–1540); Viviani, Vincenzio (1622–1703); Void; W; Wallis, John (1616–1703); Ward, Seth (1617–1689); Warfare of Science and Theology; Wendelin, Gottfried (Vendelinus) (1580–1667); Whiston, William (1667–1752); White, Thomas (1593–1676); Wilkins, John (1614–1672); Willis, Thomas (1621–1675); Willughby, Francis (1635–1672); Witchcraft; Witt, Jan de (1625–1672); Wittich, Paul (ca. 1546–1586); Women and Natural Philosophy; Wren, Christopher (1632–1723); Wright, Edward (1558–1615); Z; Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–1589); Zoology