A reference that offers comprehensive discussions on every important aspect of aluminum bonding for each level of manufacturing from mill finished to deoxidized, conversion coated, anodized, and painted surfaces and provides an extensive, up-to-date review of adhesion science, covering all significa
Preface
INTRODUCTION
Basis of Strength Development and Joint Durability in Structural Aluminum Joints
Adhesive Bonding and the Aluminum Aerospace Industry
Adhesive Bonding Developments Outside the Aerospace Industry
FACTORS AFFECTING ADHESION
Introduction to Adhesion Theories
Mechanical Interlocking Theory
Diffusion Theory
Electronic (Electrostatic) Theory
Adsorption Theory
Rheological (Viscoelastic) Theory
Techniques for Measuring Adhesion
Summary
SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALUMINUM
General Considerations
Chemical and Physical Aspects of Adhesion Between Aluminum Surfaces and Adhesives
Forms of Aluminum Oxide on the Adherend Surface
Morphology of Regenerated Oxides
Effect of Water-Rinsing Conditions After Deoxidation
Conversion Oxides
High-Temperature Thermal/Water Oxide Coatings
Boehmite Oxide and Aluminum Joint Durability
Surface Chemistry of Aluminum Affecting Bond Durability
Interaction Between the Adhesive and Aluminum Oxide
SURFACE TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM ADHERENDS
Introduction
Soil Removal-Only Procedures
Soil Removal-Abrade-Reclean Procedures
Soil Removal Plus Chemical Deoxidizing Procedures
Primers as Part of the Pretreatment Procedure for Bonding
Coupling Agents as Specialized Primers
Prepainted Aluminum Surfaces as Primed Aluminum Adherends
Specialized Treatments of Aluminum Foil
Modification of Other Adherends for Subsequent Bonding to Aluminum Ill
Addendum of Additional References
SELECTION OF AN ADHESIVE
Theoretical Considerations
Adhesive Materials and Properties
Natural and Synthetic Elastomers in Adhesives
Thermoplastic Resin Adhesives
Thermosetting Resin Adhesives
Sealant Formulations
Thermally or Electrically Conductive Adhesives
Primers for Adhesive-Bonded Aluminum Joints
Film Versus Tape Adhesive Considerations
Fire- and Flame-Resistant Adhesives and Sealants
Microbial Contamination of Adhesives
DESIGN OF ALUMINUM-BONDED JOINTS
Introduction
Stress Factors
Geometry Factors
More Complicated Joint Designs
Final Design Guidelines
MECHANISMS OF BOND JOINT FAILURE
Introduction
Polymer Surface Degradation and Polymer Stability
Elastic and Viscoelastic Adhesion Considerations
Interaction of Aluminum Surface with Polymers
Mechanics Analysis
Fracture Mechanics of Adhesive Joints
Flexible Joint Studies
Rigid Joint Studies
Effect of Joint Geometry
Peel Joint Considerations
Comparison of Different Joint Designs
Testing Temperatures and Rate Considerations
Other Bondline Characteristics Affecting Joint Failure
WATER IN THE SERVICE ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
Mechanisms of Failure
The Adhesive Pathway
Effects of Water on the Interface
Aluminum Adherend Stability Considerations
TEST EVALUATION STANDARDS
Industry Specifications and Standards
Government Standards
Additional General Information Sources
General Development of Testing Procedures
Testing of Adhesive Formulations
Testing the Properties of Joints
Nondestructive Testing Procedures (NDT Techniques)
Joint Strength Retention Procedures
Some Criticisms of Standard ASTM Testing Methods
DURABILITY OR PERMANENCE OF ALUMINUM-BONDED JOINTS
Introduction
Models Bearing on Adhesive Joint Performance
Aluminum Adherend Surface Conditions that Affect Durability
Failure Site Variabilities
Adhesive Factors Affecting Durability
Adherend Effects on Joint Durability
Effect of Adhesive Choice on Joint Durability
Joint Permanence as a Function of Surface Pretreatment
Predictability of Long-Term Joint Permanence Results in Natural Atmospheric Weathering Based on Short-Term Accelerated-Weathering Testing
Protective Coatings for Extending the Durability of Aluminum Joints
Effect of Primers on Aluminum Joint Permanence
Effect of Silanes on Aluminum Joint Permanence
Bond Permanence with Simultaneous Stress and Weathering
Bond Permanence of Combination Adhesive and Resistance Spot-Welded Joints (Weldbond)
Bond Permanence of Combination Adhesive and Rivet or Metal Clinching Joints (Rivbonds and Clinchbonds)
Bond Permanence with Contaminated Aluminum Surface Joints
Permanence of Bondments Involving Aluminum Cast Alloy Adherends
Bond Permanence of Aluminum-to-Plastic Adherend Joints
Bond Permanence of Aluminum-to-Wood Joints
Formulation of Oil-Accommodating Adhesives
Miscellaneous Technical Reports
APPLICATIONS OF ADHESIVES IN BONDING ALUMINUM STRUCTURES
Introduction
Adhesive Curing and Manufacturing Situations
Aerospace Application Bonding of Aluminum
Sandwich Panels and Laminates
Automotive, Truck, and Trailer Applications
Electric and Electronic Applications for Adhesives and Sealants
Construction Industries
Packaging Applications
Appliance Applications
Medical Applications
Sporting Goods Applications
Miscellaneous Applications and General Information Reports Relative to Use of Adhesives in Manufacturing from Adhesives Age Magazine
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Biography
J. D. Minford
". . .A must book for anyone involved in adhesives technology. "
---Materials and Manufacturing Processes
