Photodegradation of Water Pollutants, the only complete survey available of current photocatalytic methods for treating water pollutants, covers all aspects of light-stimulated detoxification. Ideal for researchers and students, this new book explains methods for pollution treatment that have proven more effective than conventional biodegradation.
Photodegradation of Water Pollutants examines advanced oxidation processes that have been successful in treating the chemical substances produced by industrial effluents and intensive agriculture. These oxidation processes include irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the use of homogenous sensitizers, such as dyes, and the use of heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as dispersed semiconductors.
In addition, Photodegradation of Water Pollutants addresses the naturally occurring self-cleaning of some pollutants in sunlit surface waters, as well as several alternative non-photochemical approaches to water treatment. Available treatment options are discussed for the main groups of water pollutants, including toxic inorganic ions (cyanides, heavy metals), hydrocarbon derivatives (oil spills, surfactants, pulp and paper wastes), halocarbons, organo-N, organo-P, and organo-S compounds. The text also contains a unique section on the economics of advanced oxidation pollution treatments.
Inorganic Ions and Molecules: Water and Hydrogen Peroxide. Halide Ions. Nitrogen Compounds. Phosphorus Oxyanions. Sulfur Oxyanions and Sulfide. Heavy Metal Ions. Organo-Metallic Compounds.
Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Aliphatic Compounds. Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds. Long-Chain Compounds. Photo-induced Nitrosation and Nitration.
Halocarbons: Aliphatic Halocarbons. Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds.
Organic Nitrogen Compounds: Triazines. Amines, Amides, and Carbamates. Nitrobenzene and Nitrophenols. Bromoxynil and Choroxynil. Thymine. Triclopyr. Fenarimol. Flavins. Catecholamines. Dyes. Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles.
Organic Phosphorus Compounds: Homogenous Photolysis. Heterogenous Photodegradation.
Organic Sulfur Compounds
Natural and Waste Waters: Natural Transformations in Freshwater and Oceans. Treatment of Polluted Groundwater. Treatment of Waste Water. Photodynamic Sterilization. Concentrated Sunlight.
Evaluation and Future Trends: Photodegradation Compared with Other Methods. Cost estimates, Energetics, and Conclusions.
References
Index
THis TOC has 3 levels:
Introduction
Advanced Oxidation Processes
Mechanisms: eaq-, 102, .OH and Peryoxy Radicals
Sensitized Excitation
Semiconductor-Promoted Photooxidation
Primary Reaction Steps
Kinetic Models
Role of Oxygen
Direct and Indirect Photodegradations
Zeta Potentials and Surface Properties
Catalyst Preparations
Surface Density of OH Groups in TiO2 Particles
Quantum Yields and Turnover Numbers
Experimental Techniques
Reactor Design
Laser and Excimer Light Sources
Light-Dark Cycling
Concentrated Sunlight
Photoelectrochemical Reactions
Inorganic Ions and Molecules
Water and Hydrogen Peroxide
Halide Ions
Nitrogen Compounds
Phosphorus Oxyanions
Sulfur Oxyanions and Sulfide
Heavy Metal Ions
Organo-Metallic Compounds
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Aliphatic Compounds
Homogenous Photolysis
Heterogenous Photodegradation
Aromatic and Other Cyclic Compounds
Homogenous Photolysis
Heterogenous Photodegradation
Oil Spills
Long-Chain Compounds
Surfactants
Lignin Sulfonates and Kraft Wastewater
Phthalate Esters
Polymers
Photoinduced Nitrosation and Nitration
Halocarbons
Aliphatic Halocarbons
Aromatic and Other Cyclic Halocarbons
Haloaromatics
Halogenophenols
Polychlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls
Halocarbon Pesticides
Organic Nitrogen Compounds
s-Triazines
Amines, Amides, and Carbamates
Nitrobenzene and Nitrophenols
Bromoxynil and Chloroxynil
Thymine
Triclopyr
Fenarimol
Flavins
Catecholamines
Dyes
Azo Dyes
Tannery Dyes
Dyes in Municipal Wastewater
Methyl Violet
Methyl Viologen
Polycyclic Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles
Organic Phosphorus Compounds
Homogenous Photolysis
Heterogenous Photodegradation
Organic Sulfur Compounds
Natural and Waste Waters
Natural Transformations in Freshwater and Oceans
Treatment of Polluted Groundwater
Treatment of Wastewater
Photodynamic Sterilization
Concentrated Sunlight
Evaluation and Future Trends
Photodegradation Compared with Other Methods
Ozonation
Biodegradation
Radiolysis
Ultrasonics
Corona Discharge
Electrochemical Oxidation
Oxidation in Supercritical Water
Cost Estimates, Energetics, and Conclusions
Cost Estimates
Energy Requirement Evaluation
Future Trends
References
Index
Biography
Martin M. Halmann