1st Edition

Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization

    488 Pages 265 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    488 Pages 265 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Develop a Greater Understanding of How and Why Surface Wave Testing Works

    Using examples and case studies directly drawn from the authors’ experience, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of surface wave propagation in both forward and inverse modeling. This book accents the key facets associated with surface wave testing for near-surface site characterization. It clearly outlines the basic principles, the theoretical framework and the practical implementation of surface wave analysis. In addition, it also describes in detail the equipment and measuring devices, acquisition techniques, signal processing, forward and inverse modeling theories, and testing protocols that form the basis of modern surface wave techniques.

    Review Examples of Typical Applications for This Geophysical Technique

    Divided into eight chapters, the book explains surface wave testing principles from data measurement to interpretation. It effectively integrates several examples and case studies illustrating how different ground conditions and geological settings may influence the interpretation of data measurements. The authors accurately describe each phase of testing in addition to the guidelines for correctly performing and interpreting results. They present variants of the test within a consistent framework to facilitate comparisons, and include an in-depth discussion of the uncertainties arising at each stage of surface wave testing.

    • Provides a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of all the steps involved in surface wave testing
    • Discusses surface wave methods and their applications in various geotechnical conditions and geological settings
    • Explains how surface wave measurements can be used to estimate both stiffness and dissipative properties of the ground
    • Addresses the issue of uncertainty, which is often an overlooked problem in surface wave testing
    • Includes examples with comparative analysis using different processing techniques and inversion algorithms
    • Outlines advanced applications of surface wave testing such as joint inversion, underwater investigation, and Love wave analysis

    Written for geotechnical engineers, engineering seismologists, geophysicists, and researchers, Surface Wave Methods for Near-Surface Site Characterization offers practical guidance, and presents a thorough understanding of the basic concepts.

    Overview of surface wave methods

    Seismic waves

    Test methodology

    Historical perspective

    Challenges of surface wave methods

    Typical applications

    Advantages and limitations

    Linear wave propagation in verticallyinhomogeneous continua

    Basic notions of wave propagation

    Rayleigh waves in homogeneous elastic half-spaces

    Existence of Love waves

    Surface waves in vertically inhomogeneouselastic continua

    Surface waves in vertically inhomogeneous, inelastic continua

    Measurement of surface waves

    Seismic data acquisition

    The wave field as a signal in time and space

    Acquisition of digital seismic signals

    Acquisition of surface waves

    Equipment

    Dispersion analysis

    Phase and group velocity

    Steady-state method

    Spectral analysis of surface waves

    Multi-offset phase analysis

    Spatial autocorrelation

    Transform-based methods

    Group velocity analysis

    Errors and uncertainties in dispersion analyses

    Attenuation analysis

    Attenuation of surface waves

    Univariate regression of amplitude versus offset data

    Transfer function technique and complex wavenumbers

    Multichannel multimode complex wavenumber estimation

    Other simplified approaches

    Uncertainty in the attenuation measurement

    Inversion

    Conceptual issues

    Forward modeling

    Surface wave inversion by empirical methods

    Surface wave inversion by analytical methods

    Uncertainty

    Case histories

    Comparison among processing techniques with active-source methods

    Comparison among inversion strategies

    Examples for determining Vs and Ds profiles

    Dealing with higher modes

    Surface wave inversion of seismic reflection data

    Advanced surface wave methods

    Love waves

    Offshore and nearshore surface wave testing

    Joint inversion with other geophysical data

    Passive seismic interferometry

    Multicomponent surface wave analysis, polarization studies, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio

    References

    Index

    Biography

    Dr. Sebastiano Foti is an associate professor in geotechnical engineering at the Politecnico di Torino, Italy. He has been a research scholar at the Georgia Institute of Technology and a research associate at the University of Western Australia, Perth. His primary interests are in geophysical methods for geotechnical characterization, geotechnical earthquake engineering, and soil–structure interaction.

    Dr. Carlo G. Lai is an associate professor in geotechnical engineering at the University of Pavia, Italy. He is also the head of the Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Section at EUCENTRE and affiliate faculty at the ROSE School both in Pavia. His primary interests are in modeling of seismic wave propagation in geomaterials, earthquake geotechnics, and engineering seismology.

    Dr. Glenn J. Rix is a principal with Geosyntec Consultants Inc. in Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Prior to joining Geosyntec in 2013, Dr. Rix was a professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His primary interests are in soil dynamics, geotechnical earthquake engineering, and seismic hazard and risk analysis.

    Dr. Claudio Strobbia is a land processing specialist and seismic processing supervisor with Total in Pau, France. Before joining Total, he was a senior research geophysicist with Schlumberger, stationed in both Cairo, Egypt, and London. He has worked as a researcher for the EUCENTRE in Pavia, and has taught exploration seismology at the University of Milan Bicocca. His primary interests are in wave physics, inverse problems, near-surface geophysics, and seismic processing. Within exploration seismology his main contributions are in noise attenuationand near-surface characterization.

    "… understanding the philosophy behind near surface site characterization surveys using surface waves, associated error analysis, and limitations in data interpretation may appear excessively complicated for students, or for researchers from different fields. The authors aim to fix this problem by providing a complete overview of surface wave methods and by describing every single step of data analysis including the field equipment and data acquisition in detail. … this book will be a very good source of knowledge for graduate students and engineers, but also for researchers from different fields who want to study site characterization using surface waves."
    Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2015

    "Overall, the book reads as a single unified treatment of the subject area and avoids the common pitfall of appearing to be a collection of separate but related topic areas written by different authors. … for both those researchers interested in the detailed physics and mathematics underlying the method as well as for practitioners interested in proper application of the SWMs to real-world site characterization, this book is highly recommended."
    —Noise Control Engineering. Journal, March-April 2015

    "At last a definitive book on the acquisition of ground properties by surface waves! In the past, geotechnical engineers have lacked a readily accessible guide and body of knowledge in one state-of-the-art volume to give them the confidence to use this hugely important method of site characterization. Now engineers can have this guide on how to quickly and non-invasively test large volumes of soil to give overall dynamic (small strain) soil properties used in the prediction of static surface settlements and lateral ground movements. The increasingly wide-spread use of the method must surely follow the publication of this book that will become a standard on the bookshelves of academics and practitioners alike."
    —Bruce Menzies, founder, Global Digital Systems Ltd (GDS)

    "This book gives an excellent overview of surface wave methods as well as detailed and rigorous insights on various aspects of such methods. It is thus an invaluable source of information for practitioners, students and researchers."
    —Jean-Francois SEMBLAT, IFSTTAR, Dept GERS, Earthquakes & Vibrations Lab

    "Simple, clear and objective… In this book the techniques for useful geotechnical engineering applications are explained with rigor and detail, namely for ground profiling and characterization, soil improvement, characterization of pavements and detection of anomalies. In addition to outlining these problems, a chapter with case histories allows the reader to understand how the topics covered in the book can be applied to practical design. This book will be an excellent base for teaching in undergraduate and post-graduate level, and will be very useful for geophysical and geotechnical engineering practitioners."
    —António Viana da Fonseca, University of Porto , Praça de Gomes Teixeira, Portugal