Hundreds of lubricant additives are available industry-wide to improve base stock properties and protect metal surfaces; however, the wrong combination of these commodities can result in substandard performance. Surface Activity of Petroleum Derived Lubricants explains how surface activity is affected by several factors: the interfacial properties of lube oil base stocks at oil/surface interfaces, lubricant solvency properties, additive interactions, and variations in temperature. The book provides an understanding of these factors that will influence proper selection of base stocks and additives necessary for resisting foaming and air entrainment, inhibiting rust and corrosion, preventing wear, and controlling emulsification and demulsification.
Using 300 tables to provide experimental data from books, journals, and the patent literature, this practical and comprehensive reference examines:
- the refining of lube oil base stocks
- the chemistry of additives
- the formulation technology of lubricants
- the performance of the most important finished products such as turbine oils, hydraulic fluids, and engine oils
Insight into these variables enables petroleum chemists and engineers to choose the right lubricant base stock and additive combination. By becoming aware of these important elements, those in industry are better able to make the right choices, leading to reduced costs, improved performance, and better management of production timelines.
Conventional Refining of Crude Oils
Properties and Composition of Crude Oils
Properties and Composition of Petroleum Fractions
Solvent Refining of Lube Oils
Processing of Cylinder Oils and Bright Stocks
Composition of Wax Products
Nonconventional Processing of Base Stocks
Hydrofinishing and Hydrotreatment
Hydrorefining of White Oils
Hydrocracking Process
Catalytic Dewaxing
Hydroisomerization of Slack Wax
Low Temperature Fluidity of Base Stocks
Effect of Isomerization and Esterification on Melting Points of Molecules
Effect of Crude Oils and Dewaxing on Pour Points of Base Stocks
Brookfield Viscosity and CCS Viscosity of Base Stocks
Use of Pour Point Depressants and VI Improvers
Processing Effect
Oxidation Stability of Base Stocks
Oxidation By-Products
Effect of Hydroprocessing
Performance of Antioxidants in Different Base Stocks
Antioxidants Synergism
Interfacial Properties of Base Stocks
Foaming
Air Entrainment
Stability of Oil/Water Interface
Metal Surface Protection
Lubricant Formulation
Industrial and Automotive Lubricants
Base Stock Selection
Use of Synthetic Fluids
Additive Selection
Use of Surfactants
Effects of Additives on Surface Activity of Turbine Oils
Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements
Foam Inhibition and Air Entrainment
Rust Prevention and Demulsibility
Effect of Demulsifier on Foaming
Oxidation Resistance
Effects of Base Stocks on Surface Activity of Hydraulic Oils
Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements
Solvency Effect of Naphthenic Oils
Wear Prevention and Oxidation Resistance of Paraffinic Oils
Performance of Synthetic Fluids
Use of Biodegradable Oils
Surface Activity of Engine Oils
Base Stock and Additive Performance Requirements
Pour Point Depression
High Temperature Foaming
Air Entrainment
Oxidation Resistance and Wear
Additive Interactions
Rust Inhibitors Synergism
"Thickening" Effect of VI Improvers
Formulation of Industrial Gear Oils
Oxidation Resistance and Surface Activity of Food-Grade Lubricants
Additive Antagonism and Incompatibility
Scope and Limits of Lubricant Testing
Fresh Oil Testing of Industrial Oils
Properties of Used Turbine Oils
Fresh Oil Testing of Engine Oils
Water Contamination
Lubricant Storage
Lubricant Life
Colloidal Stability
Low Temperature Stability
Hot Temperature Stability
Biography
Lilianna Z. Pillon received her MSc in chemistry from the University of Lodz, Poland, and her PhD from the University of Windsor, Canada. She was awarded a National Research Council (NRC) of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship and studied polymer blends at the NRC Industrial Materials Research Institute in Boucherville, Quebec. She joined Polysar Ltd., Latex R&D Division, where she developed an interest in polymer emulsions and chemical interactions. She also worked for Imperial Oil, Research Department, where she developed an expertise in the base stock processing and quality followed by work in the industrial oil group and the engine oil group. She was awarded patents related to the interfacial properties of lube oil base stocks and the use of surface active additives. She is the author of the book Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products published by CRC Press in 2007.