1st Edition

Rail Human Factors around the World Impacts on and of People for Successful Rail Operations

    868 Pages
    by CRC Press

    868 Pages
    by CRC Press

    The rail human factors/ergonomics community has grown quickly and extensively, and there is much increased recognition of the vital importance of ergonomics/human factors by rail infrastructure owners, rail operating companies, system developers, regulators and national and trans-national government. This book, the third on rail human factors, is drawn from papers presented at the Lille 3rd International Conference on Rail Human Factors. The contributions cover the range of human and organisational issues on the railway, from driving to signalling and control to maintenance and engineering work, to passengers and security issues such as trespass, and address improvements in safety, reliability, use of capacity, efficiency and quality.

    The book represents the best of recent work in rail human factors, and starts to define the framework for the next few years. As well as the human factors areas listed above, the conference and thus the book are notable for sessions on simulation in rail human factors and on human factors in metro design and operation. The book also reflects the increased attention being paid to, and developments in, understanding all aspects of rail stakeholders’ behaviour, and also the contribution of ergonomics/human factors to innovative network control systems which will enhance reliability, safety and use of capacity.

    The book will be of interest to a number of groups: those working in the rail sector from a human factors point of view; the larger rail industry and related bodies generally; and in terms of transferrable knowledge to ergonomists and human factors specialists working in other industries.

    Preface

    Keynote: The third age of human factors: From independence to interdependence
    E. Hollnagel


    Rail safety, human reliability, accident reporting and rules

    The classification and analysis of railway incident reports
    W.H. Gibson, A. Mills & S. Hesketh

    “A posteriori” analysis of occupational accidents: A new casual analysis approach
    C. Blatter, G. Tirilly, S. Barthelme, S. Leblois & M. Mazeau

    (Why) are Dutch cargo trains 2.6 times more often involved in SPADs compared to passenger trains?
    R. van derWeide, H.F.L. Frieling & D.W. de Bruijn

    How much regulation should there be? Rules and their application in three different fields of railway work
    J.Weichbrodt & G. Grote

    Human factors aspects of enforcement decision making
    J. Mawhood

    Investigating assistance provision to disabled rail users
    J. Cardell, S. Idris & P.Wilks

    Human reliability management software and audit plan of human factors in highly automated railway systems
    P. Calvo Holgado, B. Gil de Egea & C. García Suárez

    Human factors in the railway system safety analysis process
    M. Hammerl & F. Vanderhaegen

    Development, use and usability of TRACEr-RAV (Technique for Retrospective Analysis of Cognitive Errors for Rail, Australian Version
    C. Caponecchia, M.T. Baysari & A.S. McIntosh

    Can the concept of organisational drift help explain the degradation of safety performance that may be observed during re-franchising?
    P. Leach & J. Berman


    Simulation for rail human factors

    Determining the effect of simulator configuration in a VR train driver system
    T.K. Yates & S. Sharples

    Efficient control of passenger railways: Testing advice and information systems in a driving simulator
    T. Albrecht & C. Gassel

    Rail simulations to study human reliability
    F. Vanderhaegen

    Assessment of train drivers’ performance in a driving simulator
    C. Maag & M. Schmitz

    Simulator tests of a harmonised European driver’s desk
    M. Rentzsch, D. Seliger, D. Miglianico & D. Georget

    From a testing laboratory for railway technical components to a human factors simulation environment
    M. Hammerl, M. De Filippis, I. Steinhäuser, C. Torens, O. Gantz, M. Meyer zu Hörste & K. Lemmer

    Uploading to the MATRICS: Combining simulation and serious gaming in railway simulators
    J. van Luipen & S. Meijer

    Development of software add-on tools for enhancing the capabilities of train driving simulators
    M. Schmitz & C. Maag

    Human factors integration in rail simulators
    B. Gil de Egea, P. Calvo Holgado & C. García Suárez


    Ergonomics design and human factors integration in the railway

    A case study of human factors integration in the rules change process
    T. Luke & K. Bonsall

    Integration in design projects – delivering the return on investment
    E. Grimes, K. Wright & G. Hillier

    Embedding good human factors in complex multi-disciplinary engineering projects
    G. Hillier, K. Wright & E. Grimes

    Involving end users in the light rail cab design. A global approach
    J.R. Ruiz-Rodríguez, J.S. Solaz, D. Miglianico, L. de Victoria, H. de Rosario, B. Mateo & A. Soler

    3D virtual environments in rail ergonomics
    T. Sobkow & K. Wright

    Case studies in the specification and design of interim control points
    R.Waterhouse & J. Robinson

    From buttons for fingers towards graphics for brains; history and future of ticket vending machines
    L. Verhoef

    Investigating presentation of rail specific spatial information on handheld computer screens
    Y. Dadashi, S. Sharples, J.R.Wilson &T. Clarke

    Usability testing for German railway HMIS: A chance to optimize software engineering
    F. Feldmann & M. De Filippis

    Emergency whiteboard design for Network Rail
    A. Parkes & N. Carroll

    Preparation for the rollout of the GB GSM-R system
    G. Morrisroe


    Human factors and the metro and light rail

    Human factors and London Underground: Past, present and future
    J.Wackrow & A. Slamen

    Developing the in-cab signalling display for the Victoria Line
    J.Wood

    Effective human factors integration in the design of a signalling and train control system for the metro rail industry
    S. Heape & C. Lowe

    Human error analysis of signal and point maintenance assets: An overview of the process for validation of quantification of potential human errors
    P. Traub & J.Wackrow

    The use of style guides to support user interface design in the metro rail industry
    D. Lock, M. Kazem & S. Heape


    Rail signalling and control human factors

    Measuring situation awareness in rail signalling
    D. Golightly, N. Balfe, S. Sharples & E. Lowe

    A systems approach to the assessment of mental workload in a safety critical environment
    A. Pretorius

    Signaller forms automation: The ultimate irony of automation
    N. Balfe, E. Lowe, R. Abboud, Y. Dadashi, R. Bye & P. Murphy

    The application of cognitive work analysis in rail
    L. Millen, S. Sharples, D. Golightly & N. Balfe

    Effects of level of signalling automation on workload and performance
    N. Balfe, J.R.Wilson, S. Sharples & T. Clarke

    An analysis of the usability of a planning algorithm: An empirical study in The Netherlands Railways
    R.J. Jorna,W. vanWezel & J. Bos

    Operative tests of a new system for train traffic control
    G. Isaksson-Lutteman, A. Kauppi, A.W. Andersson, B. Sandblad & M. Erlandsson

    Signaller workload exploration and assessment tool (SWEAT)
    P. Shanahan, D. Gregory & E. Lowe

    Development and implementation of a predictive tool for optimizing workload of train dispatchers
    M. Zeilstra, D.W. de Bruijn & R. van derWeide


    Train driver performance, driving aids, train cab HMI and level crossings

    Red means stop, doesn’t it? A human factors trial of a UK train safety system driver-machine interface
    A. Scott & H. Gibson

    Feasibility of head up displays in driving cabs
    K. Davies, P. Thorley, M. Thomas & H. Gibson

    LED’s make rail better
    D.W. de Bruijn & H.F.L. Frieling

    “By the seat of their pants” cues and feedback used by train crew
    N. Doncaster

    Future train cab interface design: Development of a model to support driver situation awareness
    M.S. Young & D.P.J. Grenier

    Using a model of train driver performance to investigate the contribution of human factors to rail incidents
    H. Blanchard & E. Lowe

    Improving driver management – supporting driver managers
    P. Leach & J. Berman

    Simulation in junction signalling design
    J. Aitchison, K. Davies, P. Cavanagh, M. Bendig, M. Thomas & K. Boak

    The development of a visibility tool to support sign and signalling work on the railway
    A. Peron, E. Lowe, C. Turner, T. Troscianko & P.G. Lovell

    Further development of a route drivability assessment tool: Improving usability and supporting incident investigation
    A. McKenzie-Kerr,W.I. Hamilton, P. Townsend & E. Lowe

    Another train coming:Warnings at automatic level crossings
    J. Heavisides, M. Barrett & S. Hesketh

    Rail road safety audit checklist on grade crossings in Iran
    M.R. Keymanesh &A.R. Arjroody


    Rail engineering work and maintenance

    Principles for protecting rail engineering work – challenges for the human factors community
    A. Schock, B. Ryan & J.R.Wilson

    Assessing safety impact of process change
    R. Ollerenshaw & P. Murphy

    Identification of resilience factors in rail engineering work
    P. Ferreira, T. Clarke, J.R.Wilson, S. Sharples & B. Ryan

    Patrolling excellence: Implementing behaviour change in a maintenance delivery team
    F. Kenvyn & N. Hattotuwa

    What is ‘concentrated effort’? Can it be applied safely to tasks undertaken in the red zone?
    L. Sutton & E. Lowe

    Protection of track work and maintenance of way personnel on Canadian railways
    D. Roosenboom

    Competence, behaviour, training, fatigue and communications

    “More effective supervision, please!”
    C.E. Dickinson

    Reaping the benefits – How railways can build on lessons learned from Crew Resource Management
    B. Klampfer, E. Grey, A. Lowe, B. Hayward & K. Brandford

    The assessment and management of errors in a simulator: A rail-based case study
    K. Bonsall & J. Pitsopoulos

    Dipping into organisational change: The do’s and don’ts
    T. Farrington-Darby, J. McNamara & E. Courtney

    The impact of social networks, work pressures and decision latitude
    on site manager’s safety vs. productivity behaviours
    N. Hattotuwa

    Is conflict good?
    E. Courtney

    Personality traits and cognitive abilities of manual ultrasonic operator performance
    A. Bell, G. Munley, K. Rowley, B. McGrath & H. Bainbridge

    Psychometric testing in the railway: Getting the right tools for the job
    J. McNamara

    European legislation and occupational psychological evaluation of train drivers and other safety related personnel
    S. Elatri

    Leading practice in rail training and competence management
    J. Pitsopoulos & R. Luckins

    Training line managers in the art of human factors investigation
    E. Lowe

    Awareness and attention training for railway signallers
    R.E. Luther & E. Lowe

    Evaluating options for the formalisation of railway safety critical communications
    C. Turner, A. McKenzie-Kerr, J. Peters, H. Gibson, A. Scott & E. Lowe

    Findings of an industry wide railway communications survey
    C. Turner, A. McKenzie-Kerr, J. Peters, H. Gibson & A. Scott

    Mitigating the effects of monotony: The role of task complexity
    N. Dunn & A. Williamson

    Sleep, fatigue and hours of work of French train drivers
    P. Cabon, V. Lancelle, R. Mollard, J.Y. Grau, C. Blatter, M. Kaplan, M.P. Severyns & G. Tirilly

    Level of automation: Effects on train driver vigilance
    P. Spring, A. McIntosh, C. Caponecchia & M.T. Baysari


    Supporting the passengers and public

    Facilitating shared expectations between passengers and front-line staff
    J. Stafford, G. Pettersson & S. Neath

    Evacuation from trains – the railway safety challenge
    L. Kecklund, I. Anderzén, S. Petterson, J. Haggstrom & B.Wahlstrom

    Investigating assistance provision to disabled rail users
    J. Cardell, S. Idris & P.Wilks

    High density boarding and alighting: How do people really behave? A psycho-physical experiment
    I. Rowe & N. Tyler

    Providing better information during temporary timetable changes
    R.Wicksman

    Author index

    Biography

    John R Wilson