Oil exploration requires proper understanding of the geological set-up of any area to make the process economical and effective. This involves geological, geophysical, geochemical surveys including studying the lateral variations in litho-stratigraphic units in the adjoining areas surrounding the bore-hole, done through study of Dipmeter logs. This book ‘Dipmeter Surveys in Petroleum Exploration’ giving all the required backup of the other allied subjects for easy and meaningful interpretations of the Dipmeter data, so that drilling of dry wells is avoided to maximum possible extent and new discoveries to be made, thereby enhancing the oil resource of a particular geographical location.
GENERALITIES
Dipmeter surveys
Introduction
The Dipmeter tool
Types of tools
Dip Computation
Introduction
Methodology
Presentation of dip-data
Kinds of dips
Structural dip determination
Dip & the bore-hole drift
Structural dips-difficult environments
Structural dip deletion
Dip Groups & their Mega-Patterns
Mega Patterns
STRUCTURAL & TEXTURAL INTERPRETATION
Structural interpretation
Introduction
Use of dipmeter and FMI (image) tools in structural interpretation
Information required for structural analysis of dip-data
Statistical Study of the dip-data
Stereographic Projections
Stereographic representation of structural elements
Methods of dip data interpretation
Folds sedimentary
Introduction
Recogintion of folds from the tadpole plot
Salt and shale domes
Faults
Introduction
Recognition of faults from the tadpole plot
Exact depth of the fault
Normal faults
Growth fault
Reverse fault
Structural cross-section from a single dipmeter log
Fractures
Introduction
Detection of fractures by
Unconformity
Texture of the rocks
Introduction
Texture
Well logging approach for determination of textural parameters
Detrital rock texture
Carbonate rock texture
Porosity
Automatic extraction of textural information
Sedimentary Rock-Structures
Introduction
Primary sedimentary structures
Secondary sedimentary structures
Bed description
Stratigraphic interpretation
Stratigraphic interpretation
Introduction
System for classification of depositional environments
Siliciclastic continental deposits
Reservoir Characterstics
Fluvial System
Introduction
Alluvial cones and fans
Reservoir Characterstics
Fluvial Channel Deposits
Meandering Channels
Straight Channels
Basic steps in interpreting fluvial channels
Deltas
Introduction
Major depositional regimes of delta system
Kinds of deltas
Characteristics of sand deposits
Inter-Deltaic environments
Introduction
Morphological features of different types of coasts
Dip Trends
Geomorphic Zones of an off-shore shelf
Carbonate sediments, reefs and other buried topography
Introduction
Carbonates
Reefs and other buried topography
Top of the buried feature from dip-log
Recognition of reef talus from the dip-log
Dips due to solution of surrounding salts
Dips produced as a result of
Dip of the reef
Unconformity traps
Estimation of compaction
Compaction features
Continental shelf sands
Introduction
Shelf sand deposits
Deep water deposition
Introduction
Mechanism of sedimentation
Deep sea depositional models
Classification of sub-marine fans
Controls on deep sea sedimentation
Litho-facies and sequence of sub-marine fans
Facies associations
Well logs
Petroleum geology of deep sea sands
Dip Scatter as an Environmental indicator
Introduction
Inner neretic zone
Middle neretic zone
Outer neretic zone
Continental slope
Abyssal range
Dip scatter due to sea level changes
Pre-requisites & Rules for Interpretation of DipMeter data
Practical examples
References and Bibliography
Biography
Madhusudan Patil holds a Ph.D degree in Geology from Nagpur University and postgraduate diploma in "Arial Photo‐Interpretation as applied to Geology" from Indian Institute of Arial Photo‐Interpretation, Survey of India, Dehradun. He has varied experience in the field of "Petroleum Exploration" and teaching. He worked in various capacities in ONGCL, Deharadun (India) and as "Inginieur Geologue" in Sector "Erg Oriental" of "SONATRACH" Oil Company of Algeria for two years. Apart from this, he worked as consulting "Petroleum Exploration Geologist" to various oil companies operating particularly in Gujrat State of India. He worked extensively on interpretation of Arial photographs and Dipmeters. This book is a result of his practical experience in the Dipmeter interpretation which he did in most of the Companies/Organizations he worked.
