1st Edition

Highway Engineering Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality

By Athanassios Nikolaides Copyright 2015
    924 Pages 369 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    924 Pages 369 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    An International Textbook, from A to Z

    Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers the basic principles of pavement management, highlights recent advancements, and details the latest industry standards and techniques in the global market. Utilizing the author’s more than 30 years of teaching, researching, and consulting experience, this text focuses on the design, construction, maintenance, and management of pavements for roads and highways, and covers the main topics in highway engineering. The author integrates pavement materials, material testing for acceptability and quality assurance, asphalt mix design, flexible and rigid pavement design, construction, maintenance and strengthening procedures, quality control of production and acceptance of asphalts, pavement evaluation, asphalt plants, and pavement recycling. He also includes both European and American (ASTM and AASHTO) standards and practice, and is extensively illustrated with references, tables, graphs, charts, and photographs.

    The book contains 18 chapters that cover:

    • Soils for roadworks
    • Aggregates for unbound, hydraulically bound materials, and bituminous mixtures
    • Bitumen and bituminous binders
    • Laboratory tests and properties of paving bitumen and bitumen emulsion
    • Hot and cold bituminous mixtures
    • Fundamental mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures and testing
    • Production, transportation, laying, and compaction of bituminous mixtures
    • Quality control and acceptance of bituminous mixtures
    • Methods for determining stresses and strains in pavements
    • Pavement design and construction
    • Thickness design methodologies for flexible and rigid pavements
    • Pavement maintenance
    • Rehabilitation and strengthening
    • Pavement evaluation
    • Equipment for measuring surface and structural characteristics
    • Pavement management
    • Pavement recycling

    Written for civil engineering students and engineers engaged in highway projects or laboratory testing, Highway Engineering: Pavements, Materials and Control of Quality covers pavement engineering comprehensively as a textbook for undergraduates and graduates, and a valuable reference for practicing professionals.

    Soils

    The formation of soils

    Soil fractions

    Physical properties of soils

    Basic soil tests

    Soil classification

    Soil bearing capacity tests

    Plate bearing test – modulus of reaction (k)

    Resistance R value test

    Elastic modulus and resilient modulus of soils

    Compaction of soil materials on site

    Density tests in situ

    References

    Aggregates

    General

    Crushed aggregates

    Natural aggregates

    Slags

    Mine waste

    Demolition materials

    Artificial aggregates

    Recycled (pulverised) aggregates

    Aggregate sizes

    Aggregate tests

    Geometrical properties determination tests

    Physical properties determination tests

    Chemical properties tests

    Petrographic description of aggregates

    Blending two or more aggregates

    References

    Bitumen, bituminous binders and anti-stripping agents

    General

    Natural asphalt

    Tar

    Manufactured bitumen

    Cut-back and fluxed bituminous binders

    Bitumen emulsions

    Anti-stripping agents

    Modified bitumens and special bitumens

    Handling of bituminous binders

    References

    Laboratory tests and properties of bitumen and bitumen emulsion

    General

    Penetration test

    Softening point test (Left)

    Penetration index

    Ductility test

    Force ductility test

    Elastic recovery test

    Viscosity

    Fraass breaking point

    Heukelom chart – bitumen test data chart

    Resistance to hardening tests

    Flash and fire point – cleveland open cup method

    Solubility test

    Tensile test

    Cohesion with pendulum test

    Storage stability test

    Mineral matter or ash in asphalt materials

    Capillary-stoppered pycnometer test for determination of density and specific gravity of bitumen

    Determination of water in bitumen by distillation method

    Bitumen emulsion tests

    Mechanical properties of bitumen

    Performance-graded asphalt binder tests

    References

    Hot asphalts

    General

    Determination and role of asphalts

    Characteristic types of asphalts

    Asphalt concrete

    AC for very thin layers

    Porous asphalt

    HRA in accordance to European standards

    Stone mastic asphalt

    Mastic asphalt

    Soft asphalt

    High-modulus asphalts

    Warm mix asphalts

    Other types of asphalts

    References

    Cold asphalts

    General

    Characteristic types of cold asphalts

    Dense-graded cold asphalts

    Open-graded cold asphalts

    Production of cold asphalt mixtures

    Laying and compaction of cold asphalt mixtures

    Quality control of cold asphalt mixtures

    Cold asphalts for slurry surfacing

    References

    Annex 6.A

    Coating test

    Annex 6.B

    Modified Marshall mix design for dense- graded cold asphalt (DGCA)

    Specimen production and Marshall testing

    Annex 6.C

    Soaking test – capillary water absorption test

    Fundamental mechanical properties of asphalts and laboratory tests

    General

    Stiffness modulus of asphalts

    Types of loading

    Determination of stiffness modulus and other moduli

    Prediction of asphalt stiffness

    Permanent deformation of asphalts

    Fatigue of asphalts

    References

    Production, transportation, laying and compaction of hot mix asphalts

    General

    Types of asphalt production plants

    Batch plants

    Drum-mix plants

    Transportation of hot mix asphalts

    Laying/paving

    Compaction of asphalts

    References

    Annex .A

    Quality control of production and acceptance of asphalts

    General

    Sampling

    Methods of material sampling

    Inspection and testing of incoming constituent materials and delivered product

    Acceptance of delivered and laid asphalt

    Methods for determination of binder content

    References

    Layers of flexible pavement

    General

    Subgrade

    Capping layer

    Sub-base course

    Base course

    Asphalt layers

    Poisson’s ratio of paving and subgrade materials

    References

    Methods determining stresses and deflections

    References

    Traffic and traffic assessment

    General

    Axle loads

    Vehicle classification

    Overloaded vehicles

    Measurement of vehicle axle load

    Contact area and pressure

    The concept of equivalent standard axle loading –equivalency factors for flexible pavements

    Equivalency factors for rigid pavements

    References

    Flexible pavement design methodologies

    General

    Design criteria for flexible pavements

    Asphalt institute pavement design methodology

    AASHTO pavement design methodology

    UK flexible pavement design methodology

    AUTh flexible pavement design methodology

    Shell flexible pavement design methodology

    French flexible pavement design methodology

    Australian flexible pavement design methodology

    The Nottingham University/mobil design method

    Other pavement design methods

    AASHTO mechanistic–empirical pavement design guide

    References

    Rigid pavements and design methodologies

    General

    Subgrade and layers of rigid pavements

    Consideration of stresses that developed on a concrete slab

    Cracking of fresh and hardened concrete

    Joints in concrete pavements

    Contraction joints

    Expansion joints

    Sealants and joint fillers

    Warping joints

    Joints attributed to interruption of works

    The function of steel reinforcement

    Amount and position of reinforcement

    Jointed reinforced concrete pavements

    Continuously reinforced concrete pavements

    Pre-stressed concrete

    Fibre-reinforced concrete

    Rigid pavement design methodologies

    UK rigid pavement design methodology

    AASHTO rigid pavement design methodology

    Australian rigid pavement design methodology

    MEPDG for rigid pavements

    Construction of rigid pavements

    References

    Pavement maintenance rehabilitation and strengthening

    General

    Terminology

    Maintenance, rehabilitation and pavement life

    Typical surface distresses in flexible pavements

    Cracking in flexible pavements

    Retardation of reflective cracking treatments and asphalt reinforcement techniques

    Surface distortions in flexible pavements

    Disintegration of flexible pavements

    Loss of surface skid resistance

    Typical distresses in rigid pavements

    Cracking of rigid pavements

    Surface deformation in rigid pavements

    Disintegration of rigid pavements

    Loss of surface skid resistance

    Surface dressing

    Pavement strengthening

    Asphalt overlay design methods over flexible pavements

    Asphalt overlay over rigid pavement

    Concrete overlay over rigid or flexible pavement

    AASHTO overlay design method

    References

    Pavement evaluation and measurement of functional and structural characteristics

    Pavement evaluation

    Functional evaluation by visual condition survey

    Functional evaluation by devices measuring surface characteristics

    Structural evaluation of pavements

    References

    Pavement management

    General

    Terms – definitions

    Purpose of pavement management

    Levels of pavement management analysis

    Pavement management components

    Software for pavement management

    Pavement recycling

    General

    What pavement recycling is offering

    Pavement recycling methods

    Cold milling (planning)

    Hot recycling

    Cold recycling

    Evaluation of RA

    Suitability of RA

    Hot recycling mix design

    Cold recycling mix design

    Pavement design using recycled asphalt

    Recycling of rigid pavements

    References

    Index

    Biography

    Dr. Athanassios Nikolaides is a professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and director of the Highway Engineering Laboratory in the Department of Civil Engineering. He has published more than 90 papers in journals and conference proceedings, presented more than 40 additional papers at various seminars, and published three books in Greek. He is a member of the editorial advisory panel of the ICE (UK) Journal of Construction Materials, and the founder and president of the International Conference on Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements and has served as a consultant to several organizations and corporations in Greece, Europe, and Indonesia.

     

    "… a complete book covering all aspects of road pavements –from constituent materials, to design and maintenance; management to recycling. … a valuable resource for civil engineering students as well as researchers and practitioners working in asphalt and pavement engineering. As a bonus, readers will also find in-depth explanations of major standards from the USA, UK, EUROPE and Australia on material characterization, design, and management."
    Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers

    "The author has crafted this book to serve as a "one-stop centre" for any information related to highway engineering. It begins with raw materials for asphalt, mix design, asphalt production, construction and maintenance. This book tells all and is beneficial to academics and practising engineers as well."
    —Professor Dr. Meor Othman Hamzah, Universiti Sains Malaysia

    "This is a great book. It combines state-of-the art scientific knowledge with practical easy-to-use guidelines for highway engineers."
    —Professor Ezio Santagata, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

    "The author has developed a very good work. He has compared the main standards, as ASTM, AASHTO, European Standards. This book presents the state of the art of pavements and I really recommend its use to the graduate and post-graduate course."
    —Rita Moura Fortes, UFAM – Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Amazonas Federal University), Brazil

    "The book provides a golden thread linking the complete highway engineering story from material origin and properties ultimately to pavement management and recycling and everything in between – a total picture for the dedicated student."
    —Professor Wynand J vd M Steyn, University of Pretoria, South Africa

    "This new book is a useful addition to the library of books in english about highway engineering, the extensive coverage of which is all highly relevant and should make it a favourite with most highway engineers and engineering students. …Having adjacent sections on the European, American and/or Australian standards and techniques for various aspects makes it very useful to students looking at different approaches, to practising engineers working in different countries, and to researchers looking to extend the knowledge from existing practice.
    —Dr J C (Cliff) Nicholls, TRL Limited, UK

    "The most impressive section of the book to my mind, which is not covered in nearly as much depth in other texts, is the treatment of bituminous materials… in particular their characteristics, appropriate methods to characterize their performance in the laboratory, and means of building and maintaining a road using these materials. In addition the book provides a comprehensive coverage of the constituent layers of a road pavement, the material properties of these layers and associated laboratory tests required to characterize these. The different types of methods appropriate to structural design are covered nicely, as are methods of recycling and maintenance."
    —Michael Burrow, Senior Lecturer, University of Birmingham, UK