1st Edition
Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites
New, natural, self-renewing, and low-cost, evapotranspiration (ET) covers for landfills provide a solution to landfill waste that is clean, green, and economical. Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills and Waste Sites examines the concept theory and the practical proof, then explains the technology, design, and application. It delineates the essential technology that governs successful application of ET covers and discusses how the technology meets the requirements for covers on landfills, mining waste, and other sites.
The book describes the design, construction, and maintenance of innovative ET covers for landfills and waste. The author discusses why several vegetative covers have failed and provides simple, inexpensive solutions. He examines the design and construction of ET covers and other methods, highlighting their differences and successful alternative construction methods. The text contains the first proposed performance measurements for conventional and innovative landfill covers based on the data collected at more than fifty-five sites. This data also provides the basis for an assessment of landfill cover performance, design, and the creation of the site-specific performance criteria presented in the book.
This is the first resource to explore the technology required to apply the ET cover concept to landfill waste, spill sites, mineland restoration, and similar waste sites. After thoroughly describing the concept, technology, design, construction, and maintenance of ET covers, the book explains how this cost-effective, practical, easily maintained, and self-renewing biological system should maintain its effectiveness for centuries.
Waste Disposal
Waste Containment
Covers for Landfill Containment
Laws and Regulations
Purpose
References
Landfill Remediation with Covers
Requirements for Landfill Covers
Risk-Based/Performance-Based (RB/PB) Remediation
Factors that Influence Remediation
Cover Selection
References
Conventional and Alternative Covers
Conventional Landfill Covers
Alternative Barriers for Covers
Alternative Covers
Performance of Barrier-type Covers
Performance of Alternative Covers
Focus of this Book
References
Evapotranspiration (ET) Landfill Covers
Definition
Differences
Concept Background and Proof
Recovery from Fire
Cost Comparison
Advantages and Disadvantages
Concept Extrapolation
References
Basic Technology
Soil
Plants
Plant Roots
Other Considerations
References
Climate, Weather and Water Balance
Climate and Weather
Hydrologic Water Balance
Measuring Hydrologic Water Balance
References
Potential Application
Limited Percolation
Increased Percolation for Waste Stabilization
Appropriate Use
References
ET Landfill Cover Design Steps
Site Characterization
Performance Criteria
Cover Type
Preliminary Design
Preliminary Cover Thickness
Final Design
Elements of Concept Extrapolation
References
Design Considerations
Weather
Soil
Plant Properties
Interaction of Plants, Soil, and Climate
Design Models
Critical Design Event
Layered ET Cover Soils
Soil Erosion
Landfill Settlement
Landfill Cover Slope
Safety Factor for Minimum Percolation
References
Construction
Soil
Soil Density and Strength
Soil Placement
Interim Soil Erosion Control
Grass Establishment
Drill Seeding in Standing Crop Residue
Irrigation
New Grass Establishment Methods
Construction Completion
References
Maintenance and Monitoring
Deep Percolation (PRK) Monitoring
Cover Integrity
Ground Water Monitoring
Vegetation Management
Grazing
Weed Control
Soil Fertility & Chemistry
Soil Density Control
References
Miscellany and Summary
Design and Prescriptive Rules
Allowable Leakage
Technical Resources
Research Needs
Summary
Appendix A: Reference Bibliography
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms
Appendix C: Acronyms
Index
Biography
Victor L. Hauser
