2nd Edition

Drug Interdiction Partnerships, Legal Principles, and Investigative Methodologies for Law Enforcement, Second Edition

    320 Pages 48 B/W Illustrations
    by Routledge

    As drug trafficking and the abuse of illicit drugs continue to inflict untold harm upon our society, it is clear that a global initiative and an intense domestic strategy are vital to address the sophisticated drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) that are prevalent in many regions. Covering a wide array of domestic interdiction topics, Drug Interdiction: Partnerships, Legal Principles, and Investigative Methodologies for Law Enforcement, Second Edition is the most comprehensive drug interdiction book available, providing a "how-to" step-by-step guide for all law enforcement officers.

    Explores the gamut of interdiction scenarios

    Drawing on their multiple years of experience, the authors explore a range of issues that confront today’s drug interdiction officer. The book explains how to initiate specific domestic drug interdiction programs and discusses how to use business partnerships to assist law enforcement in identifying potential violators who use legitimate businesses to facilitate the drug trade. It examines consensual encounters, the use of drug canines, and interdictions involving trains, buses, airports, and rental vehicles. Wide-ranging in scope, the text also covers interdictions at hotels and those involving storage units and parcel systems. The book includes a chapter on currency seizures as well as chapters on report writing, courtroom testimony, and the role of the interdiction supervisor. Each chapter includes relevant case law that supports the protocol described.

    Reliable techniques, tested in the field

    The techniques presented in this volume are tried and true methods, utilized by the authors as part of many years of successful narcotics investigations. The unbeatable methods are deeply rooted in case law to ensure proper execution of the practices described, and admissibility in court of the evidence seized.

    What’s New in the Second Edition:

    • Updated case law and case studies
    • New information on trends, practices, and investigative techniques
    • Every chapter updated
    • New chapter on cloned vehicles
    • 42 new photos, 12 new figures, increased content
    Learn more at Samuel Candelaria's website.

    Introduction to Drug Interdiction

    The Consensual Encounter

    Nonverbal Cues

    Verbal Cues

    Vocabulary and Phrasing

    Related United States Supreme Court Case Law Supporting Consensual Encounters

    Key Terms

    "Knock and Talk" Technique

    What Is a "Knock and Talk"?

    The Use of Tip Programs and Processing

    Reasons to Use a "Knock and Talk"

    Why Do People Consent?

    "Knock and Talk" as an Investigative Technique

    What Happens During a "Knock and Talk"?

    Use of a Drug Canine Team

    Determination in Obtaining Consent

    Consensual Search Inventory

    Consent to Search Inventory Form

    Inventory or Property and Articles Obtained During Consensual Search

    Conclusion

    Key Terms

    Use of the Drug Canine in Drug Interdiction

    Cost to Police Agency

    Acquiring a Drug Dog

    Selection of Dog Handlers

    Training and Training Records

    Standard Operating Procedures

    Supervision Responsibilities

    Use of Training Drugs

    Other Factors

    Currency Examinations

    Person Examinations and Passive Alert Dogs

    Courtroom Testimony

    Conclusion

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Hotel/Motel Interdiction

    What Is Hotel/Motel Interdiction?

    Benefits to the Hotel/Motel Community

    How Do We Get Started?

    Selecting Hotels to Implement the Program

    Contacting Hotel Management

    Use of Agency Letterhead

    Training of Hotel Management and Staff

    Implementing the Program

    Investigative Methodologies

    Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity

    Confidential

    Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity

    Areas of Concealment

    Investigative Techniques

    Conclusion

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Airport Investigations

    Airport Police

    Educating Your "Eyes and Ears"

    Equipment and Material Needed

    Characteristics or Indicators

    Surveillance and Encounter Locations

    Countersurveillance Activity

    Approach and Encounter

    Related Airport Case Law

    Key Terms

    Storage Unit Investigations

    What Is Storage Facility Interdiction?

    How Do We Get Started?

    Implementation of the Program

    Use of Agency Letterhead

    Confidential

    Storage Facility Investigations

    Drug Canine Capabilities

    Conclusion

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Train Interdiction

    Officer Safety

    Luggage

    Amtrak’s Computer System

    Amtrak Personnel

    The Consensual Encounter on a Train

    Conducting Encounters on the Train

    Conclusion

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Commercial Bus Interdiction

    Most Recent United States Supreme Court Decision

    Establishing a Commercial Bus Interdiction Detail

    Review of Ticketing Information and System

    Encounters Conducted on the Bus

    Encounters Conducted Inside the Commercial Bus Terminal

    Use of a Narcotics Detection Canine

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Drug Parcel Systems

    What Is Drug Parcel Interdiction?

    How Do We Get Started?

    Training Commercial and Independent Parcel Staff

    Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity

    Random Examinations of Parcels

    Controlled Deliveries

    U.S. Postal Inspection Service Role

    U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

    Freight Companies

    Long-Term Conspiracy Cases

    Other Common Practices

    Conclusion

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Rental Vehicle Investigations

    Purpose of a Rental Vehicle Program

    Contacting Management

    Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity

    Investigative Techniques

    Canine Team

    Other Information

    Conclusion

    Key Terms

    Currency Seizures

    Establishing Ownership

    Origin of the Currency

    Purpose of the Currency

    Packaging and Transportation

    Use of a Canine

    Decision to Seize the Currency

    Have We Forgotten Anything?

    Case Law

    Key Terms

    Report Writing and Courtroom Testimony

    Report Writing

    Preparation for Court and Courtroom Testimony

    Observation of a Trial

    Pretrial Interview

    Testimony Preparation

    Your Professionalism

    Testifying

    Key Terms

    Role of the Interdiction Supervisor

    Instituting the Interdiction Program

    Administrative Matters

    Training

    Operational Briefings

    Controlled Deliveries

    Preparing for the Execution of Search Warrants

    Conclusion

    Key Terms

    Index

    Biography

    George S. Steffen is Captain of the Deputy Sheriffs of the Pinellas County Sheriffs in Florida and is an adjunct instructor at the Southeastern Public Safety Institute at St. Petersburg College. Samuel M. Candelaria is owner of the Law Enforcement Training Techniques and Consulting Company operating out of New Mexico.