MicroCMOS Design covers key analog design methodologies with an emphasis on analog systems that can be integrated into systems-on-chip (SoCs). Starting at the transistor level, this book introduces basic concepts in the design of system-level complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS). It uses practical examples to illustrate circuit construction so that readers can develop an intuitive understanding rather than just assimilate the usual conventional analytical knowledge.
As SoCs become increasingly complex, analog/radio frequency (RF) system designers have to master both system- and transistor-level design aspects. They must understand abstract concepts associated with large components, such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and phase-locked loops (PLLs). To help readers along, this book discusses topics including:
- Amplifier basics & design
- Operational amplifier (Opamp)
- Data converter basics
- Nyquist-rate data converters
- Oversampling data converters
- High-resolution data converters
- PLL basics
- Frequency synthesis and clock recovery
Focused more on design than analysis, this reference avoids lengthy equations and instead helps readers acquire a more hands-on mastery of the subject based on the application of core design concepts. Offering the needed perspective on the various design techniques for data converter and PLL design, coverage starts with abstract concepts—including discussion of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and MOS transistors—and builds up to an examination of the larger systems derived from microCMOS design.
Amplifier Basics
Driving-Point and Transfer Functions
Frequency Response
Stability Criteria
Operational Amplifier (Opamp) in Negative Feedback
Phase Margin
Transient Response
Feedback Amplifier
Feedback Effect
Left-Half or Right-Half Plane Zero
Stability of Feedback Amplifiers
Amplifier Design
Abstract Low-Frequency Model of Transistors
Driving-Point Resistances at Low Frequencies
Resistance Reflection Rules
Three Basic Amplifier Configurations
Nine Amplifier Combinations
Differential Pair
Gain Boosting
Biasing
Voltage and Current Sources
Operational Amplifier (Opamp)
Small-Signal Model of the Operational Amplifier
Opamp Frequency Compensation
Phase Margin of Two-Stage Miller-Compensated Opamps
Right-Half Plane Zero Cancellation in Two-Stage Opamps
Transient Response of Opamp in Feedback
Opamp Design Examples
Common-Mode Feedback
Offset Cancellation
Opamp Input Capacitance
Opamp Offset
Opamp Noise
Opamp Common-Mode Rejection
Data Converter Basics
Analog-to-Digital Converter Basics
Sample and Hold
Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter
Comparator
ADC Testing
Averaging and Interpolation Techniques
Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques
Digital-to-Analog Converter Basics
Nyquist-Rate Data Converters
Analog-to-Digital Converter Architectures
Slope-Type ADC
Successive Approximation Register ADC
Subranging and Multistep ADC
Pipelined ADC
Folding ADC
Other ADCs
Stand-Alone DACs
Oversampling Data Converters
Concept of Quantizer in Feedback
ΔΣ Modulator
High-Order Architectures
Discrete-Time (DT) versus Continuous-Time (CT) Modulators
Discrete-Time Modulator Design
Band-Pass Modulator Design
Continuous-Time Modulator Design
Interpolative Oversampling DAC
High-Resolution Data Converters
Nonlinearity of the Analog-to-Digital Converter
Evolution of High-Resolution ADC Design
Digital Calibration of ADC
Digital Background Calibration
Digital Processing for Gain Nonlinearity
Calibration by Zero-Forcing Least-Mean-Square Feedback
Calibration of Time-Interleaving ADC
Calibrated Continuous-Time (CT) ΔΣ Modulators
Calibration of Current-Steering DAC
Phase-Locked Loop Basics
Phase Noise
Phase-Locked Loop Operation
Phase Noise Transfer Function
Phase Detector
Charge-Pumped Phase-Locked Loop
PLL Bandwidth Constraints
High-Q LC VCO
Low-Q Ring-Oscillator VCO
Prescaler
Frequency Synthesis and Clock Recovery
Phase-Locked Loop Applications
Digital PLL
Frequency Synthesis
Spur-Canceled Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer
Data Symbols
Data Channel Equalization
Clock and Data Recovery
NRZ Phase Detector
Biography
Bang-Sup Song, Ph.D., received a B.S. from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1973, an M.S. from Korea Advanced Institute of Science in 1975, and a Ph.D. from the University of California–Berkeley in 1983. From 1975 to 1978, he was a member of the research staff at the Agency for Defense Development, Korea. From 1983 to 1986, he was a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, and was also a visiting faculty member in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Jersey. From 1986 to 1999, Dr. Song was a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Coordinated Science Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana. In 1999, Dr. Song joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, where he is endowed with the position of Charles Lee Powell Chair Professor in Wireless Communication.
Dr. Song received a Distinguished Technical Staff Award from AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1986, a Career Development Professor Award from Analog Devices in 1987, and a Xerox Senior Faculty Research Award from the University of Illinois in 1995. His Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) activities have been in the capacities of an associate editor and a program committee member for the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, International Solid-State Circuits Conference, and International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Dr. Song is an IEEE fellow.
