1st Edition

Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution Concepts and Engineering

    367 Pages 101 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    As the world population grows, already burgeoning cities are becoming taxed in every conceivable way. One topic that receives few headlines, but significantly impacts an area’s quality of health and economic development is the challenge to maintain sustainable urban drainage (SUD). Poor drainage can hamper transportation, add to problems of pollution, and compromise essential clean water resources. While a number of references concentrate on the hydrology, hydraulics, and transport phenomena relevant for urban drainage, we must recognize that any solution requires a more comprehensive consideration of the problem.

    Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution: Concepts and Engineering offers a comprehensive text on wet weather pollution originating from urban drainage and road runoff. Bringing together the empirical and theoretical approaches needed to mitigate the problem, this volume:

    • Provides a basic understanding of sources, pathways, and impacts of pollutants associated with wet weather hydrologic cycles occurring in areas with impervious or semi-impervious surfaces
    • Examines wet weather pollutant discharges into streams, lakes, and coastal waters, as well as soil systems
    • Details tools to quantify physical, chemical, and biological characteristics associated with wet weather pollution and methodologies for pollution abatement, control, and monitoring runoff

    • Offers general methodologies and site-specific approaches to deal with stormwater runoff, road runoff, and sewer overflows
    • Supplies reliable predictive tools and modeling methods

    SUD is rapidly becoming a problem of crisis proportions; but while we must act quickly, any solution must be based on sound principles, accurate data, and proven methods. Written by top researchers with years of experience, this book offers those working at the front line with an accessible resource that helps ameliorate problem situations and prevent others from developing.

    Fundamentals of Urban and Highway Stormwater Pollution
    The Urban Hydrologic Cycle
    Urban Drainage and Pollution: Basic Phenomena and Characteristics
    Basic Pollutant Characteristics and Environmental Effects
    Types and Performance of Urban Drainage Systems
    Wet Weather Quality Modeling and Prediction
    Urban Drainage in the Future
    Pollution from Urban and Highway Wet Weather Flows: Concepts and Definitions
    Rainfall Characteristics
    Runoff Event Characteristics
    Sources of Pollutants
    Pollutant Variability
    Statistical Concepts
    Pollutant Characterization
    Transport and Transformations: A Toolbox for Quality Assessment Within Urban Drainage
    Toolbox Fundamentals
    Characteristics of Constituents
    Mass Balances
    Physical Processes: Water and Mass Transport
    Physicochemical Processes
    Chemical Processes
    Microbiological Processes
    Plants and Eutrophication
    Stormwater Runoff: Sources, Transport, and Loads of Pollutants
    Atmospheric Constituents and Deposition
    Snow Events: Pollutant Accumulation and Release
    Stationary and Mobile Sources for Pollutants
    Drainage Systems: Collection and Transport of Runoff Water
    Pollutant Buildup and Wash-Off at Urban and Road Surfaces
    Pollutant Concentrations and Loads
    Combined Sewer Overflows: Characteristics, Pollutant Loads, and Controls
    Overflow Structures and CSO Characteristics
    CSO Pollutant Sources
    Deposition, Erosion, and Transport of Sewer Solids
    Extreme Event and Annual Load Calculations
    Characteristic Pollutant Concentrations and Loads
    Control of Combined Sewer Overflows
    Effects of Combined Sewer Overflows and Runoff from Urban Areas and Roads
    General Characteristics of Effects
    Hydraulic Related Effects on Receiving Waters
    Effects of Biodegradable Organic Matter
    Effects of Nutrient Discharges
    Pollutants with Toxic Effects
    Effects of Pathogenic Microorganisms
    Contamination of Soils and Groundwater
    Experimental Methods and Data Acquisition within Urban Drainage
    General Characteristics of Sampling, Monitoring, and Analysis
    The Nature of Data
    Measurement Programs
    Measurement Programs in Practice
    Urban Wet Weather Quality Management
    The Nature of Urban Wet Weather Quality Management
    Rainwater Harvesting and Water Sensitive Urban Design
    Interactions between Sewers, Wastewater Treatment Plants, and Receiving Waters during Runoff Periods
    Nonstructural Bmps
    Climate Changes and Urban Runoff
    Stormwater Pollution Control and Mitigation Methods
    Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of Pollutants Related to Treatment
    Overview of Structural Types of Bmps
    Pond Systems for Stormwater Treatment
    Infiltration of Stormwater
    Filters and Bioretention Systems
    Constructed Wetlands
    Swales and Filter Strips
    Inlet Structures
    Comparison of Pollutant Removal Performances of Bmps
    Modeling of Wet Weather Water Quality
    How to Model and Why Do It?
    Types of Models for Transport and Transformation of Constituents
    Types of Urban Drainage Models With Specific Characteristics
    Legislation and Regulation
    U.S. Regulations
    European Union Legislation
    Water Quality Criteria for Wet Weather Discharges
    Water Quality Regulation for Wet Weather Discharges
    Information and Technical Support
    Appendix 1
    Appendix 2
    References and related websites and final notes found after most chapters

    Biography

    Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen, Jes Vollertseu, and Asbjorn Haauing Nielsen are with the Department of Environmental Engineering at Aalborg University in Denmark. Professor Hvitved-Jacobsen is the former head of the internationally respected Sewer Processes and Network Group and is responsible for building up the group over the past 20 years. He is one of the world’s leading authorities on wastewater process engineering of sewers and treatment plants and urban and highway runoff pollution.