2nd Edition
Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers
Supplying a breadth and depth of coverage beyond that found in most traditional texts, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers, Second Edition presents and integrates important methods and tools used in the fields of Industrial Engineering, Human Factors and Ergonomics to design and improve jobs, tasks and products. It presents these topics with a practical, applied orientation suitable for engineering undergraduate students.
See What’s New in the Second Edition:
- Revised order of chapters to group together topics related to the physical and cognitive aspects of human-integrated systems
- Substantially updated material emphasizes the design of products people work with, tasks or jobs people perform, and environments in which people live
The book has sufficient material to be used in its entirety for a two semester sequence of classes, or in part for a single semester course, focusing on selected topics covered in the text. The authors provide a set of guidelines and principles for the design and analysis of human-integrated systems and highlights their application to industry and service systems. It addresses the topics of human factors, work measurement and methods improvement, and product design an approachable style. The common thread throughout the book is on how better "human factors" can lead to improved safety, comfort, enjoyment, acceptance, and effectiveness in all application arenas. Packed with cases studies and examples, readers can use well beyond the classroom and into their professional lives.
About This Chapter
Introduction
What Is Ergonomic Design?
Human-Centered Design
Military Equipment Design
Ergonomic Criteria
Models of Human Performance
Macroergonomics
Carrots and Sticks
Trends in Industry That Impact Ergonomic Design
Organizations and Additional Information on Ergonomic Design
Ergonomic Methods
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
THE HUMAN SYSTEM
About This Chapter
Introduction
The Skeletal Subsystem
The Muscles
Body Movement
The Sensory Subsystems
Support Subsystems
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
DESIGN TO FIT TASKS, PROCESSES, AND PEOPLE
About The Chapter
Introduction
Ergonomic Design Principles
Visual Graphics of Operations
Analysis of Tasks and Jobs
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
About the Chapter
Introduction
Cleanliness, Clutter, and Disorder
Temperature and Humidity
Lightening and Illumination
Noise
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
DESIGN OF WORK AREAS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT
About the Chapter
Introduction
Applied Anthropometry
Design of Work Areas and Stations
Office Design
Design of Tools and Equipment
Protective Equipment for the Operator
Accommodating Handicapped People
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
METHODS IMPROVEMENT & MOTION ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL TASKS
About the Chapter
Introduction
Methods Improvement
Motion and Micromotion Study
Manual Materials Handling
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE
About the Chapter
Introduction
Some Probabilistic Assumptions
Time Study
Performance Leveling
Determining Allowances
Maintaining Standards
Indirect Performance Measurement
Criteria Other Than Time
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
PREDICTING HUMAN PERFORMANCE
About the Chapter
Introduction
Synthetic Data Systems
Standard Data Systems
Cognitive Modeling
Final Comments
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
MEASUREMENT OF LEARNING AND FORGETTING
About This Chapter
Introduction
Performance Criteria and Experience Units
Some Learning Curve Models
Comparing Alternatives for Learnability
The Correct Learning Curve Model
Forgetting Curves
Final Comments
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
SAMPLING METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS
About This Chapter
Introduction
Activity Sampling
Sampling Strategies
Sequential Bayesian Work Sampling
Final Comments
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
QUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEW
About the Chapter
Introduction
Questionnaire Design
Interviews
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
SIMULATION IN ERGONOMIC DESIGN
About the Chapter
Introduction
Essential Elements of Computer Simulation
Cognitive Simulation
Operator-in-the-Loop Simulation
A Simulation Strategy
Design of Simulation Experiments
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
DESIGN FOR CREW-TEAM OPERATIONS
About the Chapter
Introduction
Industrial Work Teams
Simulating Industrial Crews
Research, Development, and Design Teams
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
ERGONOMICS IN MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
About the Chapter
Introduction
System Reliability and Availability
Maintenance Programs
Reducing Maintenance Effort
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
ERGONOMICS OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND USABILITY
About the Chapter
Introduction
Quality Management & Customer Driven Design
Usability Analysis & Testing
Designed Experiments
Final Remarks
References
Exercises and Discussion Questions
INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL
About the Chapter
Introduction
Some Common Types of Inspection
Human Inspection
Signal Detection Theory (SDT)
Inspection Economics
Improvement & Correction Strategies
Final Comments
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
MACROERGONOMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
About This Chapter
Introduction
Some Historical Background
Fundamental Concepts of Industrial Safety and Health
Contemporary Occupational Health and Safety Management
Hazards and Control Measures
Warnings and Safety Programs
Final Remarks
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
COMMUNICATION AND DISPLAY DESIGN
About the Chapter
Introduction
Communication Theory
Human Information Processing
Display Design
Final Comments
References
Discussion Questions and Exercises
ERGONOMICS OF CONTROL
About this Chapter
Introduction
Control Systems
Manual Control
Design of Controls
Fuzzy Control
Supervisory Control
Final Comments
References
Some Discussion Questions
DECISION MAKING & DECISION SUPPORT
About This Chapter
Introduction
Classical or Normative Decision Theory
Behavioral Decision Theory
Naturalistic Decision Theory
Group Decision Making
Decision Support
Final Remarks
References
PERSONNEL SELECTION, PLACEMENT, AND TRAINING
About the Chapter
Introduction
Personnel Selection and Placement
Training
Job Aids
Economic Considerations in Training
Final Comments
References
Discussion and Exercise Questions
Suggested Solutions
DESIGN FOR COMPENSATION AND ACCOMMODATION
About This Chapter
Introduction
Job Evaluation
Measuring Productivity
Wage Administration
Job Design for Sub-Populations
Final Remarks
References
Some Discussion Questions
Some Exercises
Solutions to Exercises
Appendix A: Selling Ergonomics to Management
Appendix B: Economic Analysis of Projects in Ergonomic Design and Management
Appendix C: Some Probability Distributions
Appendix D: Tables of Statistical Distributions
Appendix E: Some Fundamentals of Statistical Regression and Correlation
Appendix F: Fundamentals of Analysis of Variance
Biography
Mark R. Lehto, Steven J. Landry
Praise for the Second Edition:
"… a very well written, well organized and comprehensive approach to understanding the physical and cognitive aspects of integrating the human into the work environment."
— Pamela McCauley Bush, Ph.D., CPE, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
"A must have book for engineering classrooms."
—Gavriel Salvendy
Praise for the First Edition:
"… a book that students should keep for later use throughout their professional careers. A key feature of this book is its thoroughness."
—Professor Tom Schnell, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Director Operator Performance Laboratory (OPL), University of Iowa, USA
"… a key text in the field … The topics covered are comprehensive, perhaps the most complete to date. … The authors have done an outstanding job of gauging the appropriate level of depth to coincide with their overarching goal of providing a text for those who will be involved with design."
—Professor Richard Koubek, Chair, The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
