2nd Edition

Biomedical Signal and Image Processing

By Kayvan Najarian, Robert Splinter Copyright 2012
    411 Pages 265 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    First published in 2005, Biomedical Signal and Image Processing received wide and welcome reception from universities and industry research institutions alike, offering detailed, yet accessible information at the reference, upper undergraduate, and first year graduate level. Retaining all of the quality and precision of the first edition, Biomedical Signal and Image Processing, Second Edition offers a number of revisions and improvements to provide the most up-to-date reference available on the fundamental signal and image processing techniques that are used to process biomedical information.

    Addressing the application of standard and novel processing techniques to some of today’s principle biomedical signals and images over three sections, the book begins with an introduction to digital signal and image processing, including Fourier transform, image filtering, edge detection, and wavelet transform. The second section investigates specifically biomedical signals, such as ECG, EEG, and EMG, while the third focuses on imaging using CT, X-Ray, MRI, ultrasound, positron, and other biomedical imaging techniques.

    Updated and expanded, Biomedical Signal and Image Processing, Second Edition offers numerous additional, predominantly MATLAB, examples to all chapters to illustrate the concepts described in the text and ensure a complete understanding of the material. The author takes great care to clarify ambiguities in some mathematical equations and to further explain and justify the more complex signal and image processing concepts to offer a complete and understandable approach to complicated concepts.

    INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING

    Signals and Biomedical Signal Processing
    Introduction and Overview
    What is a "Signal"?
    Analog, Discrete, and Digital Signals
    Processing and Transformation of Signals
    Signal Processing for Feature Extraction
    Some Characteristics of Digital Images
    Summary
    Problems
    Fourier Transform
    Introduction and Overview
    One-Dimensional Continuous Fourier Transform
    Sampling and NYQUIST Rate
    One-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform
    Two-Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform
    Filter Design
    Summary
    Problems
    Image Filtering, Enhancement, and Restoration
    Introduction and Overview
    Point Processing
    Mask Processing: Linear Filtering in the Space Domain
    Frequency Domain Filtering
    Summary
    Problems
    Edge Detection and Segmentation of Images
    Introduction and Overview
    Edge Detection
    Image Segmentation
    Summary
    Problems
    Wavelet Transform
    Introduction and Overview
    From Fourier Transform to Short-Time Fourier Transform
    One-Dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform
    One-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
    Two-Dimensional Wavelet Transform
    Main Applications of the DWT
    Discrete Wavelet Transform in MATLAB
    Summary
    Problems
    Other Signal and Image Processing Methods
    Introduction and Overview
    Complexity Analysis
    Cosine Transform
    Introduction to Stochastic Processes
    Introduction to Information Theory
    Registration of Images
    Summary
    Problems
    Clustering and Classification
    Introduction and Overview
    Clustering versus Classification
    Feature Extraction
    K-Means: A Simple Clustering Method
    Bayesian Classifier
    Maximum Likelihood Method
    Neural Networks
    Summary
    Problems

    PROCESSING OF BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS

    Electrical Activities of Cell
    Introduction and Overview
    Ion Transport in Biological Cells
    Electrical Characteristics of Cell Membranes
    Hodgkin-Huxley Model
    Electrical Data Acquisition
    Some Practical Considerations for Biomedical Electrodes
    Summary
    Problems
    Electrocardiogram
    Introduction and Overview
    Function and Structure of the Heart
    Electrocardiogram: Signal of the Cardiovascular System
    Cardiovascular Diseases and the ECG
    Processing and Feature Extraction of ECGs
    Summary
    Problems
    Electroencephalogram
    Introduction and Overview
    The Brain and Its Functions
    Electroencephalogram: Signal of the Brain
    Evoked Potentials
    Diseases of the Central Nervous System and the EEG
    EEG for Assessment of Anesthesia
    Processing and Feature Extraction of EEGs
    Summary
    Problems
    Electromyogram
    Introduction and Overview
    Muscle
    EMG: Signal Muscles
    Neuromuscular Diseases and the EMG
    Other Applications of the EMG
    Processing and Feature Extraction of the EMG
    Summary
    Problems
    Other Biomedical Signals
    Introduction and Overview
    Blood Pressure and Blood Flow
    Electrooculogram
    Magnetoencephaogram
    Respiratory Signals
    More Biomedical Signals
    Summary
    Problems

    PROCESSING OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGES

    Principles of Computed Tomography
    Introduction and Overview
    Formulation of Attenuation Computed Tomography
    The Fourier Slice Theorem
    Summary
    Problems
    X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography
    Introduction and Overview
    Physics of X-Rays
    Attenuation-Based X-Ray Imaging
    Image Quality
    Computed Tomography
    Biomedical CT Scanners
    Diagnostic Applications of X-Ray Imaging
    CT Images for Stereotactic Surgeries
    CT Registration for Other Image-Guided Interventions
    Complications of X-Ray Imaging
    Summary
    Problems
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Introduction and Overview
    Physical and Physiological Principles of MRI
    MRI
    Formulation of MRI Reconstruction
    Functional MRI (fMRI)
    Applications of MRI and fMRI
    Processing and Feature Extraction of MRI
    Comparison of MRI with Other Imaging Modalities
    Registration with MR Images
    Summary
    Problems
    Ultrasound Imaging
    Introduction and Overview
    Why Ultrasound Imaging?
    Generation and Detection of Ultrasound Waves
    Physical and Physiological Principles of Ultrasound
    Resolution of Ultrasound Imaging Systems
    Ultrasound Imaging Modalities
    Modes of Ultrasound Image Representation
    Ultrasound Image Artifacts
    Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Image Reconstruction
    Applications of Ultrasound Imaging
    Processing and Feature Extraction of Ultrasonic Images
    Image Registration
    Comparison of CT, MRI, and Ultrasonic Images
    Bio-Effects of Ultrasound
    Summary
    Problems
    Positron Emission Tomography
    Introduction and Overview
    Physical and Physiological Principles of PET
    PET Signal Acquisition
    PET Image Formation
    Significance of PET
    Applications of PET
    Processing and Feature Extraction of PET Images
    Comparison of CT, MRI, Ultrasonic, and PET Images
    Summary
    Problems
    Other Biomedical Imaging Techniques
    Introduction and Overview
    Optical Microscopy
    Fluorescent Microscopy
    Confocal Microscopy
    Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy
    Electrical Impedance Imaging
    Electron Microscopy
    Biometrics
    Summary
    Problems
    RELATED TITLES
    INDEX

    Biography

    Kayvan Najarian, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Computer Science, and Director of the VCU Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Engineering Center within the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia.

    "This is a great book, ideal for a biomedical signal and image processing course…. a great introduction to the topic, while it also includes advanced topics in the field for graduate courses. … a great collection of topics [including] introduction to signal and image processing, advanced signal processing techniques, physiology and specific signal processing techniques used for various biomedical signals, an introduction to medical image formation, and advanced topics on medical image processing. This is a great book, highly recommended to any research and educator in this field."

    —Purang Abolmaesumi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    "I am not aware of a book that covers both biomedical image processing and biomedical signal processing. There are a large number of books that focus on the physics of biomedical imaging. This book however, balances the coverage of physics of biomedical imaging with biomedical image processing. … I was impressed by how clearly the concepts are explained. The authors’ ability to introduce concepts at the level appropriate for senior undergraduate or graduate level students is impressive. … programming questions at the end of the chapter that will give the reader the opportunity to try out the signal processing techniques introduced in the chapter. Also, sample signals are included on the accompanying CD. … I would definitely use this book as my textbook in a biomedical signal-processing course."

    —Shahram Shirani, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    "… an excellent bridge between the physiological significance of the methods, and the underlying mathematics. … covers a broad range of biomedical problems. … clear, well written, and easy to follow. … this is an excellent course textbook, and also an excellent reference book for professionals."

    —Dr. Kristian Sandberg, Computational Solutions, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA