1st Edition

Surface Chemistry Essentials

By K. S. Birdi Copyright 2014
    285 Pages 132 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    285 Pages
    by CRC Press

    Surface chemistry plays an important role in everyday life, as the basis for many phenomena as well as technological applications. Common examples range from soap bubbles, foam, and raindrops to cosmetics, paint, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. Additional areas that rely on surface chemistry include modern nanotechnology, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery. There is extensive literature on this subject, but most chemistry books only devote one or two chapters to it. Surface Chemistry Essentials fills a need for a reference that brings together the fundamental aspects of surface chemistry with up-to-date references and data from real-world examples.

    This book enables readers to better understand many natural phenomena and industrial processes. Mathematical treatment is mainly given as references to make the material accessible to individuals with a broader range of scientific backgrounds. The book begins by introducing basic considerations with respect to liquid and solid surfaces and describes forces in curved versus flat liquid surfaces. Chapters cover properties of surface active substances, such as surfactants and soaps; lipid films and Langmuir-Blodgett films; and adsorption and desorption on solid surfaces.

    The author discusses processes involved in liquid–solid interface phenomena, which are utilized in washing, coatings, lubrication, and more, and colloid chemistry systems and related industrial applications such as wastewater treatment. The author also addresses bubbles, films, and foams and the principles of oil–water emulsion science, used in detergents, paints, and skin creams. The final chapter considers more complex applications, for example, food emulsions, scanning probe miscroscopy, the cement industry, and gas and oil recovery.

    Introduction to Surfaces Chemistry Essentials
    What Is Surface Chemistry?
    Essential Surface Chemistry Concepts

    Capillarity and Surface Forces in Liquids (Curved Surfaces)
    Introduction
    Origin of Surface Forces in Liquids
    Capillary Forces: Laplace Equation, and Liquid Curvature and Pressure (Mechanical Definition)
    Capillary Rise or Fall of Liquids (Capillary Forces)
    Soap Bubbles: Formation and Stability
    Measurement of Surface Tension of Liquids
    Typical Surface Tension Data of Liquids
    Appendix 2A: Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Surface Tension of Liquids (Corresponding States Theory of Liquids)

    Surfactant (Soaps and Detergents) Solutions: Essential Surface Properties
    Introduction
    Surface Tension Properties of Aqueous Solutions
    Gibbs Adsorption Equation in Solutions
    Applications of Surface Active Agents
    Appendix 3B: Solubility of Organic Molecules in Water (A Surface Tension–Cavity Model Theory)

    Monomolecular Lipid Films on Liquid Surfaces and Langmuir-Blodgett Films
    Introduction.
    Other Changes at Water Surfaces Due to Lipid Monolayers
    Effect of Lipid Monolayers on Evaporation Rates of Liquids
    Monolayers of Macromolecules at the Water Surface
    Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films (Transfer of Lipid Monolayers on Solids)
    Bilayer Lipid Membranes (BLMs)
    Diverse Applications

    Solid Surfaces: Adsorption and Desorption of Different Substances
    Introduction
    Solid Surface Tension: Wetting Properties of Solid Surfaces.
    Contact Angle of Liquids on Solid Surfaces
    Measurements of Contact Angles at Liquid–Solid Interfaces
    Adsorption of Gases on Solid Surfaces
    Adsorption of Substances from Solution on Solid Surfaces
    Solid Surface Roughness (Degree of Roughness)
    Surface Tension of Solid Polymers
    Diverse Applications
    Appendix 5C: Gas Adsorption on Solid Surface—Essential Principle Theory

    Wetting, Adsorption, and Cleaning Processes
    Introduction
    Oil Recovery Technology and Surface Forces
    Applications in Cleaning Processes
    Evaporation Rates of Liquid Drops
    Adhesion between Two Solid Surfaces (Glues)

    Colloidal Dispersion Systems: Physicochemical Essential Properties
    Introduction
    Colloids Stability (DLVO Theory)
    Kinetics of Coagulation of Colloids
    Dispersions of Solid Particles in Fluids
    Applications of Colloid Systems

    Gas Bubbles: Thin Liquid Films and Foams
    Introduction
    Soap Bubbles and Foams
    Applications of Foams and Bubbles

    Emulsions, Microemulsions, and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
    Introduction
    Formation of Emulsions (Oil and Water)
    Microemulsions
    Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
    Applications of Emulsions
    Emulsion Stability and Structure

    Essential Surface and Colloid Chemistry in Science and Industry
    Introduction
    Food Emulsions (Milk Industry)
    Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopes to Surface and Colloid Chemistry
    Drug Delivery Design
    Building and Cement Industry
    Fracking Industry: Gas and Oil Recovery from Shale Deposits
    Other Industrial Applications

    References
    Appendix:
    Common Fundamental Constants

    Biography

    Professor Birdi has worked at Standard Oil of California; Lever Bros. in Copenhagen, Denmark; and the Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark. Dr. Birdi was appointed research professor in 1985, and in 1990 (through 1999) he was appointed as a professor at the School of Pharmacy in Copenhagen, Denmark. Professor Birdi has been a consultant to various national and international industries. He has been a member of various chemical societies and organizing committees of national and international meetings related to surface science (advisory member, 1985-1987, of the ACS journal Langmuir) . Professor Birdi is the author of some 100 papers and articles and has published diverse books, most recently Surface & Colloid Chemistry , CRC Press, 2010; and Introduction to Electrical Interfacial Phenomena , K.S. Birdi (Editor), 2010, CRC Press.