2nd Edition

Hazards Analysis Reducing the Impact of Disasters, Second Edition

By John C. Pine Copyright 2015
    340 Pages 64 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    The impacts of natural and man-made disasters have increased exponentially over the past few decades. Moreover, with our global interconnectedness and the growing scale of disasters, today's catastrophic disasters can have regional, national, and even global economic consequences.

    Following in the tradition of the successful first edition, Hazards Analysis: Reducing the Impact of Disasters, Second Edition provides a structure and process for understanding the nature of natural and human-caused disasters. Stressing the role of hazard risk management for public, private, and nonprofit organizations, the author and expert contributors cover problem solving, risk analysis, and risk communications to ensure readers are in a position to identify key problems associated with hazards and the risks that they present.

    The book details a systematic process of hazards identification, vulnerability determination, and consequence assessment for the natural, built, and human environment. Using a cross-disciplinary approach, this book effectively demonstrates how to use the results of vulnerability assessment, spatial analysis, and community planning to reduce adverse disaster outcomes and foster social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Throughout, the book stresses that hazards analysis is not an isolated process but one that must engage the local community.

    Complete with clearly set objectives, key terms, discussion questions, satellite images and maps, and ancillary websites for further study, this authoritative guide covers every element of the hazard analysis process in a step-by-step format. Hazards Analysis presents time-proven strategies for building sustainable communities, identifying and prioritizing risks, and establishing successful disaster prevention and relief strategies prior to a disaster.

    Introduction to Hazards Analysis; John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Introduction
    Terminology of Hazards
    Views of Extreme Natural Events as Primary Causes of Disasters
    A Changing Hazards Paradigm
    Hazards Analysis
    Hazard Identification
    Vulnerability Analysis
    Risk Analysis
    Linking Hazards Analysis to Risk and Comprehensive Emergency Management
         Communicating Risk from a Hazards Analysis
         Community Involvement
         Values in Community Engagement
    Conclusions
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Hazards Identification; John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Introduction
    Hazards Identification Process
    Organizing a Hazards Identification Team
    Creating a Community Profile
         Community Assets
         Environmental or Natural Assets and Risks
    Sources of Hazards Data
         Social Assets
         Economic and Constructed Assets
              Infrastructure
              Critical Facilities
              Economic Activities
    Mapping Community Assets and Hazards
    Interdependence of Communities
    Identifying Community Problems
    Problem-Solving Process
    Problem Solving in a Nonstructured Environment
    Decision Traps
    Perception of Risks by Citizens
    Conclusions
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
         Population Data
         Health Data
         Environmental Data
         Transportation
         Energy
         Business Statistics
    Mapping Resources
    References

    Modeling Natural- and Human-Caused Hazards; John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Role of Hazard Modeling in Hazards Analysis
    An Example of a Hazard Model
    Nature and Types of Models
         Dynamic Models
         Deterministic
         Probabilistic
    Models Used in Hazards Analysis
         HAZUS-MH Model
    Evacuation Transportation Modeling
    Modeling Community Resilience
    Communicating Risks from Models
    Assessing Hazard Models
         Validity
         Quality
         Availability of Model Documentation
         Data Accuracy, Resolution, and Availability
    Coupling Models with GIS
    Static versus Adaptable Outputs
    Uses of Model Outputs
         Timeliness
         Completeness
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Hazard Models
    Model Limitations
    Hazard Profiles
    Sources of Hazard Information for the Hazard Profile
         Description of Hazard
         Magnitude
         Frequency of Occurrence
         Seasonal Pattern
         Duration
         Speed of Onset
         Availability of Warnings
         Location and Spatial Extent
    Conclusions
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
         National Flood Insurance Program
         Hazard Profile Sample for a Tornado
    Websites
    Avalanches
    Dam Safety
    Drought
    Earthquakes
    Flooding
    Landslides
    Snow
    Tornadoes
    Tsunamis
    Wildfires
    References

    Spatial Analysis
    ; John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Introduction
    Definition of Spatial Analysis
    Geospatial Data Set
    Spatial Data Quality
    Types of Spatial Analysis
         Queries
    Using Spatial Analysis to Answer Questions
         Transformations
         Buffering
         Descriptive Summaries
         Optimization Techniques
         Hypothesis Testing
    Spatial Data Visualization
    Choropleth Maps
    Conclusions
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Risk Analysis: Assessing the Risks of Hazards
    ; Kevin L. Shirley and John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Introduction
    Process of Risk Analysis
    What Is Risk?
         Quantitative Analysis of Risk
              Quantitative Analysis of Likelihood
              Quantitative Analysis of Consequence
         Qualitative Analysis of Risk
              Qualitative Analysis of Likelihood
              Qualitative Analysis of Consequence
    Views of Risk
    Using Historical Data in Determining Risk
    Need for Complete Accurate Data for Decision Making
    Using Technical Data in Decision Making
    Indicators of Direct and Indirect Losses
    Issues in Risk Analysis
         Changes in Disaster Frequency
         Availability of Essential Data
         Depth of Analysis
    Ranking of Risks
         Quantitative Data
         Likelihood–Consequence Matrix
         Risk Strategies
         Mandatory Risk Level
         Extremely Low Likelihood of Risk
         Accept the Risk
         Determining Risk Acceptability
              Personal
              Political/Social
              Economic
    Hazard Models
         Uncertainty
         Logic Tree
         Monte Carlo Method or Simulation
         Uncertainty Expressed in Interval Estimates
    Summary
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Social, Economic, and Ecological Vulnerability
    ; John C. Pine
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Introduction
    Approaches to Vulnerability
    Dimensions of Vulnerability
         Social and Human Vulnerability
         Economic Vulnerability
         Environmental Vulnerability
    Measuring Vulnerability
         Indicators of Social Conditions
         Indicators of Economic Conditions
         Indicators of Environmental Conditions
    Methodological Issues
         Scale of Analysis
         Weighting, Data Availability, and Accuracy
         Type and Scope of Measures
         Interdependence of Social, Economic, and Ecological Capital
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Risk Communication
    ; John C. Pine and Stephen L. Guillot, Jr.
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Introduction
    Risk Communication
    Risk Communication Process
    Barriers in Risk Communication
    Risk Communication Tools
         Communicating Risks with Maps
         Use of Figures
    Social Media
    Targeting Specific Audiences
    Risk Communication Myths
    Managing Risks
    Decision Making
    Community Engagement
    Stakeholders Involvement
    Ethics and Decision Making
    Legal Issues in Decision Making
    Indemnification
    Acknowledging Risk as a Part of Risk Communication
    Learning as a Part of Risk Communication
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Hazards Risk Management Process
    ; Greg Shaw
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Issue
    Introduction
    Terminology
    Risk Management
    Hazards Risk Management Framing Questions
    Framework for Hazards Risk Management
    Components of the Hazards Risk Management Process
         Communicate and Consult
         Monitor and Review
              Step 1: Establish the context
              Step 2: Identify the hazards
              Step 3: Assess the hazard risk
              Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude
              Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard
              Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventions
    Application of the Hazards Risk Management Process
         Overview
              Step 1: Establish the context
              Step 2: Identify the hazards
              Step 3: Assess the hazards risk
              Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude
              Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard
              Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventions
    Hazards Risk Management and Comprehensive Emergency Management
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
    Websites
    References

    Planning for Sustainable and Disaster-Resilient Communities;
    Gavin Smith
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Introduction
    Sustainability, Disaster Resilience Climate Change Adaptation, and Hazard Mitigation Planning
    Hazard Mitigation Planning Policy Framework
    Hazard Mitigation Plan
    Power of Plan Making: Tools and Process
         Planning Process: Building Stakeholder Capacity to Confront Hazards
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
         You Be the Planner
    Websites
    References

    Creating Disaster-Resilient Communities: A New Natural Hazards Risk Management Framework;
    Gavin Smith
    Objectives
    Key Terms
    Introduction
    Hazard Mitigation Policies
    Emergent National Climate Change Adaptation Policy
    New Natural Hazards Risk Management Policy Framework
         Expand Natural Hazards Analysis to Include Sustainable Development and Disaster-Resilient Themes
         Use Risk Assessment Findings to Guide Land Use and Scenario-Based Planning That Assesses Current and Future Vulnerability
         Assess Hazard Risk Management Policies, Programs, Plans, and Projects as Part of a Larger Effort to Build Local Capacity and Self-Reliance through a Risk Governance Strategy
         Balance Incentives and Penalties Affecting Human Settlement
    Pattern Adjustments: A Critical Look at Existing Hazard Mitigation Programs
         Assess Losses Avoided and Build Disaster-Resilient Communities in the Age of Climate Change
    Recommendations for Action
         Draw Lessons from a National Assessment of Local Hazard Mitigation Plans
         Place a Greater Emphasis on Land-Use Decisions and Human Settlement Patterns
         Establish a Robust Training and Capacity-Building Approach
         Enact Sanctions for Low-Performing States and Communities that Underperform and Provide Benefits to Communities and States that Develop Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plans
         Engage Professional Land-Use Planners in the Implementation of the Proposed Natural Hazards Management Framework
         Facilitate the Use of Planners as Agents of Social Change and Policy Learning
         Include Hazards Analysis in Planning for Climate Change
    Summary and Conclusions
    Discussion Questions
    Applications
         You Be the Policy Analyst
         You Be the Planner
    References

    Index

    Biography

    John C. Pine serves as the director of the Research Institute for Environment, Energy & Economics (RIEEE), and professor in the department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina. He joined the Appalachian faculty in 2009 after serving thirty years at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge where he directed the graduate and undergraduate Disaster Science and Management Program. At Louisiana State University, he was a professor in the Department of Geography and Anthropology and the department of Environmental Sciences. His research on disasters and emergency management centers on emergency planning, risk assessment, and disaster recovery.

    He has worked for many years with public agencies at the federal, state, and local levels as well as non-profit and private entities to identify strategies to enhance preparedness and community sustainability. His publications focus on hazards and disasters including Technology and Emergency Management from John Wiley (2007) and Tort Liability Today from the Public Risk Management Association (2005).

    He is currently on the board of directors of the National Committee for the New River, the Learning Lodge at Grandfather Mountain, and an advisory board for the American Meteorological Society. His publications have been included in The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management, Disasters, Journal of Race and Society, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, Oceanography, Journal of Emergency Management, Natural Disaster Review, Journal of Environmental Health, and the Journal of Hazardous Materials. He received his doctorate in higher education administration and public administration from the University of Georgia, Athens, in 1979.

    "Professionals who work in disaster planning and emergency management will find the second edition of Hazards Analysis: Reducing the Impact of Disasters to be a valuable resource."
    —John M. White, CPP, President and CEO of Protection Management, LLC, in Security Management